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1.
J. investig. allergol. clin. immunol ; 33(6): 439-445, 2023. graf
Article in English | IBECS | ID: ibc-228743

ABSTRACT

Tear dysfunction syndrome, also known as dry eye disease (DED), is a multifactorial disease of the ocular surface characterized by the loss of tear film homeostasis. DED shows a significant clinical overlap with ocular allergy (OA), which alters tear film homeostasis, thus predisposing the patient to DED. Both conditions constitute the most common ocular surface disorders and have a potentially severe impact on patients’ quality of life. Clinical practice guidelines recommend topical therapies as first-line treatment for OA. However, eye drop formulations may contain additional substances that can contribute to ocular surface damage and the development of DED. Therefore, physicians treating ocular allergy should be aware of problems affecting the tear film, the role of tear film disruption in OA, and topical treatment to prevent or minimize DED. The aim of this review is to present an updated overview of the topic. (AU)


El síndrome de disfunción lagrimal, también denominado enfermedad del ojo seco (EOS), es una enfermedad multifactorial de la superficie ocular caracterizada por la pérdida de la homeostasis de la película lagrimal. La EOS y la alergia ocular (AO) son patologías que comparten un abanico de signos y síntomas, y pueden aparecer simultáneamente; además, la AO altera la homeostasis de la película lagrimal, predisponiendo a la EOS. Estas dos afecciones constituyen los trastornos más frecuentes de la superficie ocular y pueden afectar notablemente la calidad de vida de los pacientes. Las guías de práctica clínica recomiendan terapias tópicas como tratamiento de primera línea para la alergia ocular. Sin embargo, las fórmulas de los colirios pueden contener aditivos y conservantes que pueden contribuir al daño de la superficie ocular y a la aparición de EOS. Por lo tanto, los facultativos que tratan la alergia ocular deben conocer las implicaciones que conlleva la alteración de la película lagrimal en la conjunctivitis alérgica, el potencial daño que pueden provocar los conservantes incluidos en los colirios empleados en el tratamiento tópico de esta patología, así como los tratamientos disponibles para manejar la EOS y la AO cuando la disfunción de la película lacrimal ya está establecida. El objetivo de esta revisión es presentar una visión general actualizada del tema. (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Dry Eye Syndromes/diagnosis , Dry Eye Syndromes/drug therapy , Conjunctivitis, Allergic/drug therapy , Lacrimal Apparatus Diseases/drug therapy , Ophthalmic Solutions/adverse effects , Ophthalmic Solutions/therapeutic use , Preservatives, Pharmaceutical , Benzalkonium Compounds/adverse effects , Benzalkonium Compounds/therapeutic use , Hyaluronic Acid
2.
Acta odontol. latinoam ; 30(3): 141-148, 2017. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-905158

ABSTRACT

The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of 10 wt% benzalkonium chloride (TBBAC) or 10 wt% cetylpyridinium chloride (TBCPC) on the antimicrobial properties of the orthodontic adhesive primer, Transbond XT™ (TB). Antimicrobial activity was assessed using a zone of inhibition diffusion test and the release of the antimicrobial compounds was monitored by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Shear bond strength (SBS) was tested using bovine enamel. Control, TB, specimens failed to demonstrate intrinsic antibacterial activity at 1, 7 and 14 days; whereas, TBBAC and TBCPC showed antibacterial effects at all times. HPLC analysis indicated no significant differences in the release behaviour of TBBAC and TBCPC (ttest, p > 0.05), except for the 7day release which was higher for TBBAC (p < 0.05). By 14 days the extents of release were 27 ± 2% and 25 ± 5% of the total initial loading for TBBAC and TBCPC, respectively. The incorporation of 10 wt% BAC or CPC in Transbond XT™ adhesive primer also resulted in superior shear bond strength at 7 and 14 days (Fisher's LSD, p < 0.05) with no significant change in the mode of bracket failure under shear stress (Pearson's chisquared, p > 0.05) (AU)


El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el impacto del cloruro de benzalconio al 10% en peso del peso (TBBAC) o de cloruro de cetilpiridinio al 10% del peso (TBCPC) con propiedades antimicrobianas presentes en el adhesivo acondicionador ortodóncico, Transbond XT ™ (TB). La actividad antimi crobiana se evaluó usando una zona de prueba de difusión de inhibición y la liberación de los compuestos antimicrobianos se controló mediante cromatografía líquida de alta resolución (HPLC). La resistencia de adhesión al corte (SBS) se probó usando esmalte bovino. Las muestras control, TB no lograron demostrar actividad antibacteriana intrínseca a 1, 7 y 14 días; mientras que TBBAC y TBCPC mostraron efectos antibac terianos en todo momento. El análisis por HPLC no indicó diferencias significativas en el comportamiento de liberación de TBBAC y TBCPC (prueba t, p> 0,05), excepto en la liberación a los 7 días que fue más alta para TBBAC (p <0,05). A los 14 días, los grados de liberación fueron de 27 ± 2% y de 25 ± 5% de la carga inicial total para TBBAC y TBCPC, respectivamente. La incorpora ción de 10% en peso de BAC o CPC en el imprimador adhesivo Transbond XT ™ también dio como resultado una resistencia superior corte a los 7 y 14 días (Fisher's LSD, p <0.05) sin cambios significativos en el modo de falla del bracket bajo tensión de corte (Pearson's chicuadrado, p> 0.05) (AU)


Subject(s)
Anti-Bacterial Agents , Benzalkonium Compounds , Cetylpyridinium , Dental Bonding , Orthodontic Appliances , Quaternary Ammonium Compounds , Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid , Materials Testing , Data Interpretation, Statistical
3.
Arch Soc Esp Oftalmol ; 88(11): 423-32, 2013 Nov.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24157320

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effects of anti-glaucoma treatments containing benzalconium chloride (BAC) on the human cornea. METHODS: A prospective single masked cohort study was conducted on the 50 eyes of 50 patients. The inclusion criteria were: recently diagnosed glaucoma or ocular hypertension with previous treatment, or ophthalmologist-prescribed anti-glaucoma therapy, and oral consent to participate in the study. The patients were not randomised, as the ophthalmologist decided the best therapy according to clinical criteria. The patients were divided in 2 cohorts: one exposed to BAC (23 patients), and not exposed (27 patients). The mean follow-up period was 22 weeks (range 18-30). The change in cell density before and after therapy was measured in: basal layer epithelium, basal layer of limbal epithelium and endothelium. The change in stromal reflectivity and the number of nerve branches in sub-basal nerve plexus was also measured. BAC exposure was blinded to the main researcher. RESULTS: A greater increase in basal layer epithelium cell density was observed in BAC exposed cohort (P<.05). No significant differences were detected in the endothelium, limbal cell density, stromal reflectivity, or sub-basal nerve plexus. Age, sex, IOP, active ingredient or BAC concentration did not affect the direction or magnitude of the ocular surface alterations found. CONCLUSION: Chronic anti-glaucoma therapy induces changes in the corneal epithelium. Preservative free drops showed less disruption of the ocular surface by confocal microscopy analysis. Further studies should be conducted to evaluate the clinical impact of these histological findings.


Subject(s)
Benzalkonium Compounds/adverse effects , Cornea/drug effects , Preservatives, Pharmaceutical/adverse effects , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Antihypertensive Agents/therapeutic use , Cornea/pathology , Female , Glaucoma, Open-Angle/drug therapy , Humans , Male , Microscopy, Confocal , Middle Aged , Prospective Studies , Single-Blind Method
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