ABSTRACT
To understand power relations, it is important to consider that power is an attribute, and whoever has it at a given moment is in the condition of dominant and whoever is under its exercise is dominated. Moreover, we must consider that these positions are interchangeable, changing when relations of force change. Power relations represent the pursuit of supremacy through knowledge, with struggles for better positioning in the social structure. In this study, we analyze the effects of disciplinary power on daily practices of nurses and physicians in the hospital environment, more specifically in intensive care units. From the perspective of disciplines, power is exercised in a discreet, modest, calculated and permanent way, through the establishment of rules and norms. In this context, despite the strong appreciation of a medical-centered model, it is observed that nurses gain visibility through knowledge and the defense of institutional norms and rules, which can generate tensions in daily professional practices.
Subject(s)
Physicians , Power, Psychological , Hospitals , Humans , Intensive Care UnitsABSTRACT
Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa que objetivou compreender a percepção das mulheres sobre o atendimento ofertado em um Hospital-Escola Público, assim como apreender as representações sociais sobre maternidade que perpassam este contexto, considerando de que forma a amamentação tem sido vivenciada pelas mulheres e incorporada na assistência em saúde. A coleta de dados ocorreu através de entrevistas presenciais semiestruturadas com oito mulheres hospitalizadas. A escolha pela entrevista semiestruturada se deu para que o foco da pesquisa pudesse ser investigado e não corrêssemos o risco de obter falas aleatórias e não relacionadas ao tema. Foi utilizada a Análise de Conteúdo de Bardin, resultando em quatro categorias de análise elaboradas pela pesquisadora após análise do conteúdo das falas obtidas, são elas: a) As representações sobre ser mãe; b) Vivências do trabalho de pré-parto, parto e pós-parto imediato; c) A institucionalização do corpo; d) Atendimento ofertado às mulheres e relação profissional-paciente. Como resultados, elucidou-se que as representações sociais sobre a maternidade estavam presentes nas experiências das mulheres entrevistadas, interferindo em sua maternagem e na percepção da amamentação, bem como na assistência em saúde. A institucionalização do corpo e partos disciplinadores entre cuidado/prevenção também agravam a regulação da mulher. Relatos de práticas de acolhimento, interdisciplinaridade e integralidade no cuidado estiveram presentes, porém a vivência de limitações nos processos comunicacionais, a organização do serviço de saúde, a relação de saber/poder transformada em hierarquização no encontro paciente-profissional e a objetificação da mulher no processo de parto, denotaram a necessidade de importantes modificações na forma de cuidar e assistir mulheres durante este processo, afim de possibilitar o protagonismo das mulheres e humanização hospitalar. Percebeu-se a importância desta pesquisa como forma de efetivação de um lugar de fala para as mulheres-pacientes e suas realidades, fato que justifica sua execução e publicação, uma vez que os dados obtidos podem contribuir para a melhora dos cuidados ofertados pela equipe multiprofissional, que pode também atuar objetivando a construção de um espaço de troca entre essas pacientes e os profissionais que as atendem.
This is a qualitative research that aimed to understand women's perception of the care offered in a Public School Hospital, as well as to apprehend the social representations about maternity that pervade this context, considering how breastfeeding has been experienced by women and incorporated into health care. Data collection occurred through semi-structured face-to-face interviews with eight hospitalized women. The choice for the semi-structured interview was made so that the research focus could be investigated and we did not run the risk of obtaining random and unrelated statements. Bardin Content Analysis was used, resulting in four categories of analysis elaborated by the researcher after analysis of the content of the speeches obtained: a) Representations about being a mother; b) Experiences of pre-partum, delivery and immediate post-partum work; c) The institutionalization of the body; d) Attendance offered to women and professional-patient relationship. As results, it was elucidated that the social representations about maternity were present in the experiences of the interviewed women, interfering in their maternity and in the perception of breastfeeding, as well as in health assistance. The institutionalization of the body and disciplinary births between care/ prevention also aggravate women's regulation. Reports of reception practices, interdisciplinarity and integrality in the care were present, however the experience of limitations in the communicational processes, the organization of the health service, the relation of knowledge/power transformed in hierarquization in the patient-professional relation and the objectification of the woman in the childbirth process, denounced the necessity of important modifications in the way of caring and assisting women during this process, in order to make possible the protagonism of the women and hospital humanization. It was perceived the importance of this research as a form of accomplishment of a place of speech for the women-patients and their realities, fact that justifies its execution and publication, once the obtained data can contribute for the improvement of the cares offered by the multiprofessional team, that can also act aiming at the construction of a space of exchange between these patients and the professionals that attend them.
Subject(s)
Women , Parenting , InstitutionalizationABSTRACT
Na cena contemporânea, a aparência do corpo tem centralidade única. É nesse contexto que a obesidade foi considerada pela Organização Mundial de Saúde como uma epidemia mundial. A cirurgia bariátrica e metabólica vem se popularizando nas últimas décadas como opção de tratamento a essa condição. Este trabalho tem por objetivo articular a obesidade como categoria médico-clínica e sua relação com as formas de poder. Em seu efeito disciplinar, a técnica intervém sobre o corpo individual tornando-o mais "dócil". Em seu efeito biopolítico, define as condições sobre a vida com base em termos quantitativos e universais. A epidemia da obesidade reflete os efeitos de um modelo socioeconômico que impregnou todas as esferas da vida humana e no qual nada se pode recusar.
Body appearance has a unique central role in the contemporary scenario. It is in this context that obesity was considered by the World Health Organization as a worldwide epidemic. Bariatric and Metabolic Surgery has become popular in recent decades as an option for the treatment this condition. This study aims to interweave obesity as a medical-clinical category and its relationship with forms of power. In its disciplinary effect, the technique intervenes over the individual body making it more "docile". In its biopolitical effect, it defines conditions upon life based on quantitative and universal terms. The obesity epidemic reflects the effects of a socio-economic model that has pervaded all spheres of human life and in which nothing can be refused.
En la escena contemporánea, la apariencia del cuerpo tiene una centralidad única. Es en este contexto que la Organización Mundial de la Salud consideró la obesidad como una epidemia mundial. La cirugía bariátrica y metabólica se ha vuelto popular en las últimas décadas como una opción de tratamiento para esta afección. Este trabajo tiene como objetivo articular la obesidad como una categoría médico-clínica y su relación con las formas de poder. En su efecto disciplinario, la técnica interviene en el cuerpo individual haciéndolo más "dócil". En su efecto biopolítico, define las condiciones de la vida desde términos cuantitativos y universales. La epidemia de la obesidad refleja los efectos de un modelo socioeconómico que ha impregnado todas las áreas de la vida humana y en el cual nada se puede rechazar.
Subject(s)
Politics , World Health Organization , MetabolismABSTRACT
Involuntary drug treatment (IDT) is ineffective in decreasing drug use, yet it is a common practice. In Mexico, there are not enough professional residential drug treatment programs, and both voluntary and involuntary drug treatment is often provided by non-evidence based, non-professional programs. We studied the experiences of people who inject drugs (PWID) in Tijuana who were taken involuntarily to drug centers under the auspices of a federally funded police operation. We provide insight into how the health, wellbeing, human rights, dignity, and security of PWID ought to be at the center of international drug policies included in universal health care systems.
Subject(s)
Involuntary Treatment , Substance Abuse Treatment Centers , Substance Abuse, Intravenous , Adult , Anthropology, Medical , Female , Human Rights , Humans , Male , Mexico/ethnology , Middle Aged , Police , Substance Abuse, Intravenous/ethnology , Substance Abuse, Intravenous/therapyABSTRACT
Following Foucault's work on disciplinary power and biopolitics, this article maps an initial cartography of the research areas to be traced by a genealogy of pharmacological practice. Pharmacology, as a practical activity, refers to the creation, production and sale of drugs/medication. This work identifies five lines of research that, although often disconnected from each other, may be observed in the specialized literature: (1) pharmaceuticalization; (2) regulation of the pharmaceutical industry; (3) the political-economic structure of the pharmaceutical industry; (4) consumption/consumerism of medications; (5) and bio-knowledge. The article suggests that a systematic analysis of these areas leads one to consider pharmacological practice a sui generis apparatus of power, which reaches beyond the purely disciplinary and biopolitical levels to encompass molecular configurations, thereby giving rise not only to new types of government over life, but also to new struggles for life, extending from molecular to population-wide levels.
Subject(s)
Drug Industry/ethics , Drug Industry/organization & administration , Politics , Drug Industry/economics , Humans , Legislation, Drug/ethics , Legislation, Drug/organization & administrationABSTRACT
Trata-se de pesquisa que tenta analisar o chamado circo social, cujo objetivo refere-se à inclusão de jovens das periferias através do circo. Temos como recorte as práticas circenses desenvolvidas por organizações não governamentais no contexto das políticas neoliberais. Utilizamos como referências teóricas a genealogia de Michel Foucault e o conceito nietzscheano de arte trágica. Traçamos algumas análises no cotidiano das práticas de circo social. Para tanto, faremos algumas indagações: como esta tecnologia dialoga com as disciplinas; como estão se produzindo os embates entre saberes e poderes das tecnologias de controle social e a resistência da arte circense; como vem se dando a aliança, não mais da filantropia e a ciência, mas atualmente com as artes, particularmente a arte circense. (AU)
This research in progress tries to analyze the so called social circus, whose purpose is the social inclusion of suburbs youngsters through the circus. This study aims the practices of the circus developed by non-governmental organizations in the context of the neoliberalism politics. We use as theoretical references the Michel Foucaults genealogy and the Nietzsche's concept of tragical art. We propose a few daily routine analysis of these circus practices, questioning: how this technology dialogs with the disciplinary practices as social power control and the circus art resistance; how it has been giving the new alliance between art and philantropy and not with science anymore. (AU)
ABSTRACT
Este artigo tem como tema a supervisão escolar, sendo ela questionada por ângulos diferentes daqueles recorrentemente anunciados nas bibliografias específicas e até então raramente colocados sob suspeita. Como resultado das análises, problematiza a história da supervisão como uma narração linear que continua regulando o trabalho docente, mesmo negando essa função. Entendendo a regulação como uma forma de conduzir a ação docente, aproxima desta o conceito de poder disciplinar e os instrumentos de que, segundo Michel Foucault, esse poder faz uso para agir sobre os sujeitos: a vigilância hierárquica, a sanção normalizadora e o exame. Ressalta ainda a produtividade do fazer docente como justificativa da regulação provocada pela função supervisora. Interrompendo o curso natural da história da supervisão, é possível perceber que, embora pertencendo a ordens discursivas diferentes, as fases históricas narradas atendem à mesma estratégia de ação reguladora e ao mesmo solo epistêmico.
The presented article is about School Supervision, which is questioned by different angles from those announced again and again in specific bibliographies and until now rarely having been put under suspicion. As a result of the analysis, we problematize the history of supervision as a linear narrative that continues regulating the work of teaching, even denying this function. Regulation being understood as a way of conducting the act of teaching approximates, from this act of teaching, the concept of disciplinary power and the instruments which, according to Michel Foucault, are used by this power to act upon the individuals: hierarchical vigilance, normalizing sanction and exam. This study also emphasizes the productivity of teaching as a justification for the regulation provoked by the supervising function. When the natural course of supervision history is interrupted, it is possible for us to see that the historical phases narrated, even though belonging to different discursive orders, answer to the same strategy of regulating action and to the same epistemic ground.
ABSTRACT
O Hospital-Colónia Rovisco Pais foi inaugurado em Portugal na década de 1940, com vistas ao tratamento, estudo e profilaxia da lepra, de acordo com modelo de internamento compulsivo, cuja configuração remete ao conceito de instituição total proposto por Goffman. Trata-se de um importante projeto higienista do Estado Novo. O seu paradigma educativo combinava elementos inspirados na medicina social europeia e na ideologia do regime ditatorial paternalista português. O Hospital-Colónia será aqui ponderado como dispositivo disciplinar, desenvolvendo-se reflexão acerca do confronto entre o poder disciplinar e a experiência. A memória emerge como instrumento contingente para o acesso às práticas e aos significados intersticiais tecidos no quotidiano do Hospital-Colónia, buscando-se auscultar a experiência de seus ex-doentes como sujeitos políticos.
The Hospital-Colónia Rovisco Pais was inaugurated in Portugal in the 1940s for the treatment, study and prophylaxis of leprosy based on the compulsive internment model, whose configuration reflects the total institution concept proposed by Goffman. It concerns an important hygiene project of the Estado Novo. Its educative paradigm combined elements inspired in European social medicine and the ideology of the paternalistic Portuguese dictatorial regime. The Hospital Colony here will be thought of as a disciplinary dispositive, developing considerations regarding the confrontation between disciplinary power and experience. Memory emerges as a contingent instrument to access the practices and interstitial meanings woven into the Hospital Colony's daily life, seeking to find out about the experience of its former patients as political subjects.
Subject(s)
History, 20th Century , Humans , Anecdotes as Topic , Leper Colonies/history , Leprosy/history , Facility Design and Construction/history , Health Facility Environment , Hospitals, Isolation/history , Hospitals, Isolation/organization & administration , Leper Colonies/organization & administration , Leprosy/rehabilitation , PortugalABSTRACT
Este estudo apresenta algumas reflexões de como o poder disciplinar, à luz de Foucault, tem sido exercido sobre os membros da equipe de enfermagem que atuam no espaço hospitalar, permitindo a partir daí, conhecer, refletir e, buscar uma nova forma de realizar mudanças no âmbito da enfermagem.
A few considerations are developed on how the disciplinary power, from Foucaut's stand - point, has been enacted on the members of the nursing team working within the hospital space, allowing in this way to know, to ponder and to make a new way to introduce changes in the area of Nursing.
Este estudio presenta algunas reflexiones, a la luz de Foucault, de cómo el poder disciplinario viene siendo ejercido sobre los miembros del equipo de enfermería que actúan en el espacio hospitalario; permitiendo, a partir de allí, conocer, reflexionar, y buscar una nueva forma de realizar cambios en el ámbito de la enfermería.