Brain regulation training improves emotional competences in patients with alcohol use disorder.

Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is defined as the impaired ability to stop or control alcohol use despite adverse social, occupational or health consequences and still represents one of the biggest challenges for society regarding health conditions, social consequences, and financial costs, including the high relapse rates after traditional alcohol rehabilitation treatment. Especially the deficient emotional competence in AUD is said to play a key role in the development of AUD and hinders to interrupt the substance compulsion, often leading in a viscous circle of relapse. Although the empirical evidence of a neurophysiological basis of alcohol use disorder is solid and increases even further, clinical interventions based on neurophysiology are still rare for individuals with AUD. This randomized, controlled trial investigates changes in emotional competences and alcohol-related cognitions and drinking behavior before and after an established alcohol rehabilitation treatment (control group, nCG = 29) compared to before and after an optimized, add-on neurofeedback training (experimental group: nEG = 27). Improvements on the clinical-psychological level, i.e., increases in emotional competences as well as life satisfaction were found after the experimental EEG-neurofeedback training. Neurophysiological measurements via resting state EEG indicate decreases in low beta frequency band, while alpha and theta band remained unaffected.

To vaccinate or not to vaccinate? The interplay between pro- and against- vaccination reasons.

BACKGROUND: By mid 2023, European countries reached 75% of vaccine coverage for COVID-19 and although vaccination rates are quite high, many people are still hesitant. A plethora of studies have investigated factors associated with COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy, however, insufficient attention has been paid to the reasons why people get vaccinated against COVID-19. Our work aims to investigate the role of reasons in the decision to get vaccinated against COVID-19 in a representative sample of 1,689 adult Italians (March-April 2021) balanced in terms of age, gender, educational level and area of residence. METHODS: Through an online questionnaire, we asked participants to freely report up to three reasons for and against COVID-19 vaccination, and the weight each had in the decision to get vaccinated. We first investigated the role of emotional competence and COVID-19 risk perception in the generation of both reasons using regression models. Next, we studied the role that the different reasons had in the vaccination decision, considering both the intention to vaccinate (using a beta regression model) and the decision made by the participants who already had the opportunity to get vaccinated (using a logistic regression model). Finally, two different classification tree analyses were carried out to characterize profiles with a low or high willingness to get vaccinated or with a low or high probability to accept/book the vaccine. RESULTS: High emotional competence positively influences the generation of both reasons (ORs > 1.5), whereas high risk perception increases the generation of positive reasons (ORs > 1.4) while decreasing reasons against vaccination (OR = 0.64). As pro-reasons increase, vaccination acceptance increases, while the opposite happens as against-reasons increase (all p < 0.001). One strong reason in favor of vaccines is enough to unbalance the decision toward acceptance of vaccination, even when reasons against it are also present (p < 0.001). Protection and absence of distrust are the reasons that mostly drive willingness to be vaccinated and acceptance of an offered vaccine. CONCLUSIONS: Knowing the reasons that drive people's decision about such an important choice can suggest new communication insights to reduce possible negative reactions toward vaccination and people's hesitancy. Results are discussed considering results of other national and international studies.

Emotional Competences of Primary Education Teachers: A Need in School Post COVID-19.

The COVID-19 pandemic has increased the number of students with mental health problems: depression, anxiety, stress. Faced with this reality, teachers and schools must be prepared to respond quickly and effectively. Therefore, the objective of this article is to analyze the emotional competences of primary school teachers in the city of Valencia based on the following sociodemographic variables: sex, age, professional experience, type of center and whether they have children. For this purpose, a quantitative methodological approach has been followed, through which the emotional competencies of primary education teachers are analyzed. These results allow us to establish teacher profiles according to sociodemographic variables and help to detect possible training deficiencies. A sample of 371 teachers of primary education in the city of Valencia has been analyzed. The Questionnaire on Teaching Competences of Primary Education Teachers, carried out under the Planned Action Model, has been used, and descriptive, univariate, bivariate and cluster analyses have been carried out. The mean, the standard deviation and the interquartile range (IQR) have been analyzed, as well as non-parametric tests such as the Wilcoxon, Kruskal-Wallis or Z test. The most significant results are that teachers have a greater ability to interpret emotions and to listen to students. On the contrary, it is teachers who most reject prejudice, discrimination and racism. Younger teachers are the ones who implement more inclusive learning environments. Finally, in general, all teachers are very respectful of students and claim to know how to manage classroom conflicts. The results obtained, in general terms, coincide with most of the research on teachers' emotional competencies. Some aspects simply do not coincide with the literature. The teachers who participated in our research perceive themselves as having a greater capacity to observe and interpret students' emotions, to generate learning situations that cater to diversity and to listen to their students. Other studies place these competencies at lower levels.

Las competencias emocionales en la formación médica: una revisión sistemática / Emotional Competences in Medical Training: A Systematic Review

Introducción: El progreso de la medicina contrasta con prevalecientes estigmas de deshumanización en la práctica médica y en la relación médico-paciente, que refuerza la necesidad de sustentar la formación médica sobre la base de la educación emocional y el desarrollo de competencias para el manejo de las emociones. Objetivo: Exponer la importancia de la educación emocional y la adquisición de competencias emocionales en la formación médica. Métodos: Se realizó una revisión sistemática exploratoria, que empleó Web of Science y Scopus como fuentes de información de los trabajos publicados entre 2012 y 2022. La búsqueda estuvo basada en el estudio de las variables: educación emocional, competencias emocionales y formación médica. Resultados: Del análisis de contenido de los artículos seleccionados se identificaron cuatro temáticas principales: generalidades de la educación emocional; la relación entre la educación emocional y el aprendizaje, fundamentada en la necesidad de potenciar en los estudiantes la autoestima; la importancia de la educación emocional en la formación de médicos; y las estrategias para favorecer la educación emocional en el proceso formativo de los estudiantes de medicina. Conclusiones: Se determinó que la educación emocional se convierte en una innovación educativa de gran importancia, que responde a las necesidades sociales contemporáneas, y busca lograr un equilibrio entre lo cognitivo y el manejo de las emociones(AU)

Introduction: The progress in medicine is not consistent with prevailing stigmas of dehumanization in the medical practice and in the doctor-patient relationship, which reinforces the need to sustain medical training on the basis of emotional education and the development of competences for managing emotions. Objective: To expose the importance of emotional education and the acquisition of emotional competences in medical training. Methods: An exploratory systematic review was conducted, using Web of Science and Scopus as sources of information to collect papers published between 2012 and 2022. The search was based on the study of the variable's emotional education, emotional competences and medical training. Results: Four main themes were identified with the content analysis applied in the selected articles: generalities of emotional education; relationship between learning and emotional education, based on the need to enhance self-esteem in students; the importance of emotional education in the training of physicians; and strategies to favor emotional education in the training process of medical students. Conclusions: Emotional education was concluded to become an educational innovation of great importance, responding to contemporary social needs, as well as it seeks to achieve a balance between the cognitive and the management of emotions(AU)

Pretend play-based training improves some socio-emotional competences in 5-6-year-old children: A large-scale study assessing implementation.

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of a pretend play-based training in 5-6-year-old children in a large scale school context on emotion comprehension, emotion regulation, prosocial behaviour and on their pretend play competences. The analysis of implementation variables was carried out in order to ensure program implementation quality in the experimental group. Results show an improvement in emotion comprehension and a decrease in aggressive behavioural responses in children in the experimental group (n = 101) compared to those in the control group (n = 79). Findings are discussed in regard to implementation outcomes and the influence of this form of play on the improvement of these variables.

Medida de Competências Socioemocionais de Docentes de Ensino Fundamental (EMODOC): evidências de validade / Measure of Socio-Emotional Competences of Elementary School Teachers (EMODOC): evidence of validity / Medida de Competencias Socioemocionales de Docentes de Enseñanza Básica (EMODOC): evidencias de validez

O objetivo deste estudo foi construir e verificar as propriedades psicométricas da medida de competências socioemocionais (CSEs) de docentes de ensino fundamental (EMODOC). Tais competências são resultantes da articulação entre conhecimentos, habilidades e motivações para lidar com demandas socioemocionais. O estudo foi realizado em duas etapas. Na primeira, de cunho qualitativo, foram realizados grupos focais e entrevistas com o público-alvo para auxiliar a construção dos itens. Análise de juízes também foi realizada considerando índice de concordância. A segunda, de natureza quantitativa, avaliou as qualidades psicométricas do EMODOC em amostra composta por 188 docentes da rede pública de uma capital do nordeste brasileiro. Os resultados indicaram uma estrutura unifatorial com a presença de três facetas. Conclui-se que o EMODOC apresenta evidências de validade e precisão. Destaca-se que a medida inova ao considerar os aspectos situacionais do fenômeno, avaliando as CSEs dos professores em situações de interação com alunos em sala de aula.(AU)

The purpose of this study was to develop and verify the psychometrics properties of the socio-emotional competences (SECs) measure for elementary school teachers (EMODOC). These competences are results of the articulation between knowledge, abilities and motivations to deal with socio-emotional demands. The study was carried out in two stages. In the first qualitative stage, focus groups and interviews were conducted with teachers to support the development of the items. Analysis by judges was then performed considering the agreement index. The second quantitative stage, evaluated the psychometric qualities of the EMODOC with a sample composed of 188 public school teachers from a capital city in the northeast of Brazil. The results indicated a unifactorial structure with the presence of three facets. It was concluded that the EMODOC presents evidence of validity and reliability. This measure is innovative considering the situational aspects of the phenomenon, evaluating the SECs of teachers in situations of interaction with students in the classroom.(AU)

El propósito de este estudio fue construir y verificar las propiedades psicométricas de la medida de competencias socioemocionales (CSEs) de los docentes de enseñanza básica (EMODOC). Tales competencias son resultantes de la articulación entre conocimientos, habilidades y motivaciones para hacer frente a las demandas socioemocionales. El estudio se realizó en dos etapas. La primera, de carácter cualitativo, basada en grupos focales y entrevistas con el público objetivo para auxiliar en la construcción de los ítems. También se efectuaron análisis por jueces considerando el índice de concordancia. La segunda, de naturaleza cuantitativa, evaluó las cualidades psicométricas del EMODOC en una muestra compuesta por 188 docentes de escuelas públicas de una ciudad capital de la región noreste de Brasil. Los resultados indicaron una estructura unifactorial con presencia de tres facetas. Se concluye que el EMODOC presenta evidencias de validez y precisión. Cabe destacar que esta medida innova al considerar los aspectos situacionales del fenómeno, evaluando las CSEs de los docentes en situaciones de interacción con los alumnos en el aula.(AU)

¿Son las competencias emocionales mediadoras entre el apego y la satisfacción con la relación de pareja en la juventud? / Are emotional competencies mediating between attachment and relationship satisfaction in youth?

El objetivo de este trabajo es estudiar la relación entre el apego y lasatisfacción con la relación de pareja, considerando el papel mediador de lascompetencias emocionales, y controlando la influencia del género, la edad y laduración de la relación. En el estudio participaron 265 jóvenes españoles (59,2%mujeres) de entre 18 y 36 años con pareja. Los resultados más relevantes indicanque el estilo evitativo alejado presenta una menor satisfacción en la relación. Juntocon el estilo temeroso son los que tienen las habilidades emocionales más pobres.La ansiedad y la evitación del apego se relacionan negativamente con la satisfacciónen la relación, siendo mediadas por la regulación emocional. Se discute laimportancia de desarrollar programas de educación emocional en los jóvenes comoforma de mitigar el efecto de un estilo de apego inseguro. (AU)

The aim of this paper is to study the relationship between attachment andsatisfaction with the partner relationship, considering the mediating role ofemotional competences, and taking into account the influence of gender, age, andduration of the relationship. 265 Spanish youths (59.2% women) between 18 and36 years of age with a current partner participated in the study. The most relevantresults indicate that subjects with a dismissive avoidant style show less relationshipsatisfaction. Along with the fearful style, they are the ones with the poorestemotional skills. Attachment anxiety and avoidance are negatively related torelationship satisfaction, being mediated by emotional regulation. The importanceof developing emotional education programs in youths as a way of mitigating theeffect an insecure attachment style is discussed. (AU)

Effectiveness of a program for the development of socio-emotional competences in people admitted to a penitentiary center.

The purpose of this paper was to evaluate the effectiveness of a program for the development of social and emotional competences and self-esteem among a group of inmates at a penitentiary center, as well as to determine the possible correlation between the variables of the program (social skills, emotional competences, and self-esteem). The objective was to equip inmates with social competences in emotional regulation strategies that would be useful to them in the penitentiary center and, at the same time, facilitate their future social inclusion. In order to measure the pre- and post- treatment variables, the Social Skills Scale, the Perceived Emotional Intelligence Scale (TMMS-24), and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES) were administered to a group of 51 inmates in a penitentiary center. The experimental group consisted of 29 inmates, with 21 forming the control group. The pretest-posttest ANOVAs showed that the program led to a significant (p < 0.01) increase in: (1) positive social behaviors; (2) emotional competences; (3) self-esteem. Positive correlations were also observed between the three variables. The results suggest the importance of implementing programs for the promotion of the socio-emotional development of people incarcerated in penitentiary centers.

Emotional competences and subjective well-being: The mediating role of relationship satisfaction in young Spanish adults.

Establishing and maintaining relationships is one of the challenges facing young adults at the beginning of this stage in their lives. Emotional competences are related to relationship satisfaction and subjective well-being. This paper aims to study the relationship between emotional competences and subjective well-being in young adults, considering the mediating role of satisfaction with the partner. Two hundred and thirty-three young Spanish people (60.1% women) between 18 and 35 years old (Mean = 22.93; SD = 3.72) participated in the study. All of them had a romantic partner. The Questionnaire of Emotional Skills and Competences (ESCQ-21), the Scale of Evaluation of the Relationships (RAS), the Scale of Satisfaction with Life (SWLS) and the Scale of Positive and Negative Experiences (SPANE) were used to measure the variables. For analysis, the SPSS version 26 and Mplus version 7.0 were used. The results indicate a significant relationship between emotional competences, relationship satisfaction and subjective well-being. The mediation model showed that satisfaction with the relationship plays a mediating role between the ability to regulate emotions and subjective well-being. The importance of emotional education both inside and outside relationships is considered, in order to promote healthy and non-violent relationships among young people.

Socio-Emotional Skills in Adolescence. Influence of Personal and Extracurricular Variables.

Social-emotional skills have been an important object of study in recent years due to their relationship with academic, personal and professional success. The aim of this study was to analyse the relationship between these skills and different influential variables. The participants had a mean age of 14.18 years. The instruments used were the Social Emotional Competence Questionnaire (SECQ) and the Physical Activity Questionnaire for Adolescents (PACQ-A). Generally, the results indicated gender differences and no influence of age. Those who engaged in after-school activities scored higher on social awareness. In addition, artistic and musical extracurricular activities were associated with social-emotional skills, whereas sports activities were not. It was also found that the physical activity index was not related to socioemotional factors, except in self-awareness and in a negative way. It is necessary to analyse the quality of the extracurricular programmes offered and the training of the professionals in charge of their development. It also seems important to take into account the gender perspective in competence work, increasing self-management in girls and relationship management in boys.

Towards an Integrative Taxonomy of Social-Emotional Competences.

Social-emotional competences are critical for positive development and significantly predict educational and occupational attainment, health, and well-being. There is however a lack of consensus about the number of core competences, and how these are defined and operationalized. This divergence in approach challenges future research as well as the scientific usefulness of the construct. In an effort to create an integrative framework, this focused review evaluates different approaches of conceptualizing and assessing social-emotional competences. Building on shared conceptions, an integrative taxonomy "DOMASEC" is introduced, specifying core domains and manifestations of social-emotional competences that bridge across frameworks focusing on social and emotional learning, personality traits (such as the Big Five) and self-determination theory. Core domains include intrapersonal, interpersonal and task-oriented competencies, differentiating between affective, cognitive, and behavioral manifestations of competences across these domains. It is argued that the integrative taxonomy facilitates the conceptual specification of key constructs, that it helps to better organize the multitude of terms and definitions used, and to guide the conceptualization and operationalization of social-emotional competences and their various facets.

The Effectiveness of EMOVERE: An Emotional Education Program for Young Couples.

Our aim was to assess the effectiveness of EMOVERE, a psychoeducational and experiential program to increase emotion regulation in couples. Forty-four young couples (n = 88) aged between 18 and 36 years old participated in the study (53.4% women; M = 24.18; SD = 4.34). Twenty-two couples belonged to the experimental group (received the intervention) and 22 to the control group (received no intervention). The intervention program consisted of seven two-hour sessions over a month, in groups of four to five couples. The variables studied were sociodemographic characteristics, emotional intelligence (TMMS-24), emotional inter-regulation with the partner (SIERC), attachment (ECR-S) and satisfaction with the relationship (RAS). The proposed design was quasi-experimental, with two randomized groups (experimental and control group) and longitudinal data from two occasions. SPSS version 24.0 was used to perform analysis of variance (MANOVA and MANCOVA), multiple hierarchical regression and reliable change index. PROCESS was also used for moderation analyses. The results indicate that the program is effective in increasing emotional self-regulation and emotion regulation with the partner, as well as reducing couples' avoidance of intimacy. Age, relationship duration and previous relationship satisfaction moderate the effectiveness of the program. The importance of continuing this research line to address well-being of young populations is discussed.

Hitchhiking: Associations With Big Five and Emotional Competences.

After a decrease in its practice, the interest in hitchhiking is currently renewed. However, so far, very little is known about the personality characteristics of hitchhikers. Consequently, the aim of this study was to investigate the associations between hitchhiking and personality traits, with the Big Five and emotional competences. Five hundred and seventy-eight travellers (452 hitchhikers, Mage = 28.4 years old; and 126 non-hitchhikers, Mage = 27.7 years old) took part in the study. Participants completed an online survey including hitchhiking behaviour, the Big Five Inventory, and the Profile for Emotional Competences. After controlling for sociodemographic factors, hitchhiking was found to be positively associated with openness, and negatively associated with neuroticism. No associations were found with emotional competences. These findings improve our understanding of the personality characteristics associated with hitchhiking, however longitudinal studies are required to understand how hitchhiking is related to personality.

Emotional Competence, Entrepreneurial Self-Efficacy, and Entrepreneurial Intention: A Study Based on China College Students' Social Entrepreneurship Project.

Entrepreneurship education has a lot of research on influencing factors of entrepreneurial intention but rarely studies the influence mechanism of emotional competences on entrepreneurial intention from the perspective of social entrepreneurship. This article takes college students' social entrepreneurs as research objects, drawing on Krueger's model, theory of planned behavior, social cognitive theory, and triadic reciprocal determinism theory. This paper constructs a conceptual model with emotional ability, entrepreneurial self-efficacy, and entrepreneurial intention, to further study their relationship. The 312 students from China College Students' Social Entrepreneurship Project engaged in early entrepreneurship practice, conducted a questionnaire survey and used the empirical test of the structural equation model to analyze the relationship between college students' emotional competences, entrepreneurial self-efficacy, and entrepreneurial intention. The result show: First, social-emotional competence had a positive effect on entrepreneurial intention, and the positive effect of personal affective competence on entrepreneurial intention was not supported or only partially supported. Second, all the dimensions of entrepreneurial self-efficacy were significantly and positively correlated with entrepreneurial intention. Third, emotional competence has a significant positive impact on entrepreneurial self-efficacy. Fourth, entrepreneurial self-efficacy mediated the relationship between emotional competence and entrepreneurial intention.

El papel de las competencias emocionales parentales en las conductas internalizantes y el autoconcepto de los niños / The role of emotional parental competencies in children's internalizing behaviors and self-concept

Resumen Introducción: Las competencias emocionales de los padres se constituyen en un factor protector para el fortalecimiento del autoconcepto en los niños; sin embargo, cuando no se expresan adecuadamente pueden generar en los hijos problemas internalizantes. La evidencia empírica en Colombia sobre la relación entre dichas variables no ha sido suficiente por lo cual es fundamental continuar su estudio. Objetivo: Identificar la relación entre competencias emocionales de los padres, el nivel de autoconcepto y las conductas internalizantes en niños de 8 a 12 años. Método: En esta investigación correlacional se aplicó el Cuestionario de Evaluación de Estilos Educativos de Padres (CEEP), la Lista de Chequeo de la Conducta Infantil (CBCL) formato para padres; y la Escala de autoconcepto de Piers-Harris a los niños. Los participantes fueron 364, conformados por 182 diadas (padres e hijos de 8 a 12 años) de colegios públicos y privados de Bogotá, seleccionados bajo un muestreo no probabilístico por conveniencia. Resultados: Se encontró una relación positiva estadísticamente significativa entre la impulsividad en padres y los síntomas ansioso/depresivo (Rho= 0,213; p= 0,04) y aislado/depresivo (Rho= 0,210; p= 0,004) en los niños. Se hallaron relaciones inversas entre el manejo emocional y el componente intelectual del autoconcepto (Rho= -0,148; p= 0,046), entre los síntomas ansioso/depresivo y los componentes conductual (Rho= -0,240; p= 0,001), físico (Rho= -0,182; p= 0,014) y falta de ansiedad del autoconcepto (Rho= -0,213; p= 0,004). Conclusiones: Las relaciones encontradas entre impulsividad y síntomas internalizantes en los niños, evidencian que los enfados excesivos e injustificados de los padres, pueden asociarse con preocupación excesiva y aislamiento social en los hijos. Estos hallazgos permiten sugerir para futuros estudios, evaluar el efecto de programas para prevenir problemas de ansiedad y depresión en los niños a través del entrenamiento en regulación emocional a los padres.

Abstract Introduction: The emotional competences of the parents are a protective factor for strengthening the self-concept in children; However, when they aren't expressed properly, they can generate internalizing problems in the children. The empirical evidence in Colombia on the relationship between these variables hasn't been sufficient, so it is essential to continue its study. Objective: To identify the relationship between parents' emotional competences, the level of self-concept and internalizing behaviors such as anxiety, depression and somatic complaints in children. Method: In this correlational research, the Parent Educational Style Assessment Questionnaire (CEEP), the Child Behavior Check List (CBCL)parent format and the Piers-Harris Self-Concept Scale were applied to children. The participants were 364 made up of 182 dyads (parents and children from 8 to 12 years old) from public and private schools in Bogotá, selected under a non-probabilistic sampling for convenience. Results: A statistically significant positive relationship was found between impulsiveness in parents and anxious/depressive symptoms (Rho = 0,213; p= 0,04) and isolated/depressive (Rho= 0,210; p= 0,004) in children. Inverse relationships were found between emotional management and the intellectual component of self-concept (Rho=-0,148; p= 0,046), between anxious/depressive symptoms and behavioral components (Rho = -0,240; p= 0,001), physical (Rho = -0,182; p= 0,014) and lack of self-concept anxiety (Rho=-0,213; p= 0,004). Conclusions: The relationships found between impulsivity and internalizing symptoms in children show that excessive and unjustified anger of parents can be associated with excessive concern and social isolation in children. These findings allow us to suggest for future studies, to evaluate the effect of programs to prevent anxiety and depression problems in children through training in emotional regulation for parents.

Construção e Validação de uma Escala de Competências Socioemocionais no Brasil / Development and Validation of a Socioemotional Competences Scale in Brazil / Construcción y Validación de una Escala de Competencias Socioemocionales en Brasil

O objetivo deste artigo é construir e validar uma escala de Competências Socioemocionais no Brasil. A prospecção dos itens foi realizada por meio da coleta de dados a partir de um grupo focal com gerentes de agências do Instituto Nacional do Seguro Social (INSS). Uma amostra de 424 indivíduos (220 mulheres e 204 homens) foi utilizada para avaliar a confiabilidade e a validade de 34 itens, mas o processo de análise exploratória preliminar dos dados possibilitou a exclusão de 9 itens. Os 25 itens da escala final foram agrupados em cinco competências, denominadas de consciência emocional, regulação emocional, consciência social, autocontrole emocional e criatividade emocional. A Escala de Competências Socioemocionais representa uma contribuição teórica nos campos da administração, da psicologia da educação e do trabalho porque foi desenvolvida e validada a partir de uma base teórico-empírica, considerando a realidade da cultura brasileira.

The purpose of this paper is the development and validation of a measure scale of Social-Emotional competences in Brazil. The prospecting of the items was performed by collecting data from a focus group with managers of the National Institute of Social Security (INSS) agencies. A sample of 424 individuals (220 women and 204 men) was used to evaluate the reliability and validity of the 34-Item of Social-Emotional scale, but the preliminary exploratory data analysis process that led the exclusion of 9 items. The 25-Item of the final Scale were grouped into five competences called emotional awareness, emotional regulation, social awareness, emotional self-control, and emotional creativity. The Social-Emotional competence scale represents a theoretical contribution in the field of Management, Education and Work Psychology because it was developed and validated from a theoretical-empirical basis considering the reality of the Brazilian culture.

El objetivo de este artículo es construir y validar una escala de competencias socioemocionales en Brasil. La prospección de los ítems se realizó mediante la recopilación de datos de un grupo focal con gerentes de agencias del Instituto Nacional de Seguridad Social (INSS). Se usó una muestra de 424 individuos (220 mujeres y 204 hombres) para evaluar la confiabilidad y validez de 34 ítems, pero el proceso preliminar de análisis de datos exploratorios requirió la exclusión de 9 variables. Los 25 ítems finales de la escala se agruparon en cinco competencias que fueran denominadas de conciencia emocional, regulación emocional, conciencia social, autocontrol emocional y creatividad emocional. La escala de competencia socioemocional representa una contribución teórica en el campo de la Administración, de la Psicología de la Educación y del Trabajo porque se desarrolló y validó desde una base teórica y empírica considerando la realidad de la cultura brasileña.

Associations of chronotype, Big Five, and emotional competences with perceived stress in university students.

This study aimed to investigate the associations between individual difference factors (chronotype, Big Five, emotional competences) and perceived stress in French university students. In total, 362 students agreed to take part (Mage = 20.19 ± 1.75 years). Participants completed the Caen Chronotype Questionnaire, Big Five Inventory, the Profile of Emotional Competences, and the Perceived Stress Scale. Results showed that chronotype amplitude (+), eveningness chronotype (+), neuroticism (+), conscientiousness (-), and intrapersonal emotional competences (-) were important for perceived stress. These findings have theoretical and practical implications in terms of identifying students who might benefit most from stress management interventions.

Board Games on Emotional Competences for School-Age Children.

Objective: Emotional competences (EC) are important for social and academic outcomes and positive life trajectories. Due to their social setting and tendency to stimulate intrinsic motivation, board games may constitute efficient learning tools for promoting socioemotional development in children. The current project therefore aimed at developing and testing three theory-driven board games explicitly targeting EC. First, we explored the quality of these EC games in terms of game experience, compared to off-the-shelf games (without an EC focus). Second, we tested whether targeted EC were linked to game experience in the EC games by measuring associations between children's trait EC and subjective effort and difficulty during gameplay. Materials and Methods: Children (N = 177) aged 8-12 years old were randomly assigned to a four-session protocol that comprised EC board games (experimental group) or off-the-shelf board games (control group). At baseline, participants' trait EC (emotion recognition, differentiation, and cognitive reappraisal) were assessed, while game experience (e.g., positive and negative affect, flow and immersion, difficulty, and effort) was assessed after each game. Results: Both groups perceived the games they played as positive and playable. Furthermore, regression analyses showed that higher trait EC was linked to lower self-reported effort and difficulty in two of the EC board games focusing on emotion recognition and differentiation. Conclusion: The present study shows that the board games on EC designed for children seem to elicit game experiences comparable to off-the-shelf games. Moreover, children's trait EC were linked to subjective game experience in two of the three games. Future interventions should examine the potential of the novel games to promote EC.

Tendencias históricas del proceso formativo del sociólogo / Historical trends of sociologist formative process

RESUMEN El artículo presenta un resultado científico que aporta una caracterización histórica del proceso formativo del estudiante de Sociología en Cuba con especial interés en los antecedentes para la formación de competencias emocionales. Entre los métodos teóricos, se utilizan el histórico-lógico, el analítico-sintético y el inductivo-deductivo, y del nivel empírico se emplea el análisis de documentos. Como resultado, se aporta una caracterización de las dos etapas objeto de interés, las cuales abarcan desde el 2000 hasta la actualidad, se definen indicadores para el análisis histórico y se develan las principales tendencias del proceso formativo del estudiante de Sociología en Cuba. Se destaca el valor del presente estudio como antecedente necesario para la formación de competencias emocionales desde el enfoque socioformativo en el contexto actual.

ABSTRACT The article presents a scientific result which provides by the historical characterization of the formative process of the Sociology student in Cuba, with special interest in the antecedents for the formation of emotional competences. Among the theoretical methods, the historical-logical, the analytic-synthetic and the inductive-deductive are used, and from the empirical level the analysis of documents is used. As a result, a characterization of the two stages of interest is shown, which cover from 2000 to the present, indicators for the historical analysis and the main tendencies of the formative process of the student of Sociology in Cuba are defined. The value of this study is highlighted by unveiling the stages and trends that mark the formative process of the sociologist, as necessary antecedents for the formation of emotional competences from the socio-formative approach in the current context.

Social and Emotional Competences in Spain: A Comparative Evaluation Between Spanish Needs and an International Framework Based on the Experiences of Researchers, Teachers, and Policymakers.

Critical aspects in the field of education are currently related to low levels of socioemotional competences and high rates of school dropouts. However, there are no standard practices or guidelines for helping countries to assess and train social and emotional competences. To overcome this limitation, the project Learning to be (L2B) aims to propose a comprehensive model of the assessment and development of social and emotional competences that bring together policymakers, researchers, teachers, school authorities and learners from different participating countries: Finland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Portugal, Slovenia, and Spain. The project attempts to create an international framework for regulating activities and supporting teachers working on the social and emotional competences of the students and to provide tools which can be used across countries. The aim of the paper is to describe how L2B has been developed in Spain by analyzing the contributions of the international framework and extracting the specific needs in the Spanish context. Specifically, we describe two products of the project: (a) the process for creating a toolkit, a tool focused on creating activities and materials for helping teachers develop social and emotional competences of students and (b) the results of an exploratory study in Spain in which social and emotional competences are assessed and compared to the international framework. First, we explain the definition of social and emotional competences used for creating the toolkit. Second, we analyze responses of Spanish students to questionnaires administered before applying the toolkit in the schools. The paper describes social and emotional competences in Spain and evaluates the overlap between relevant variables in Spain and those used for developing the toolkit, the international tool. Specific needs in Spain are discussed, as well as the contribution of the project for promoting the improved development of students' social and emotional competences, improving learning outcomes and stronger social cohesion in schools and local communities, as well as the utility of the results for creating new educational policies.