ABSTRACT
BPV-2 infection can cause bladder infections in cattle that, when associated with bracken fern consumption, can progress to cancerous bladder tumors and also present as bovine enzootic hematuria (BEH). This study aimed to evaluate the prolonged natural BPV-2 infection in the blood and urine of cattle, excluding bracken fern consumption. Thirteen Girolando papillomatosis-affected cattle with no bracken fern contact history were monitored for 20 months. Blood, urine, and wart samples were collected for BPV-2 detection and clinical laboratory analyses. All animals showed the presence of BPV-2 in papillomas and blood, and 92.85% showed BPV-2 in urine, suggesting viral dissemination in the urinary tract. Despite all animals being infected with BPV-2, none showed BEH signs during the study. Thus, it was observed that BPV-2 infection alone didn't induce BEH over 20 months, implying a complex interaction with environmental factors or genetic predisposition. This underlines bracken fern consumption's critical role in urinary bladder carcinogenesis. The study underscores BEH's pathogenesis complexity, advocating longitudinal studies to comprehend BPV-2's role fully.
ABSTRACT
The toxic effect of ferns of the genus of Pteris in bovines is caused by ptaquiloside, the main carcinogenic toxin. In this study, ten species of Pteris fern in different phenologic stages and plant conditions were collected in northwest Argentina. The phytochemical analysis showed the presence of Pt in the recent collected samples (adults and young plants) but not in the herbarium specimens. The results show a great variation of Pt concentration that depends on the phenologic stage, plant condition, and collection site. Pt was measured in 6-4326 µg/g concentration, with a mean concentration of 644 µg/g. No Pt was detected in eight species of Pteris collected from herbarium samples; such results may be a false negative. It is important to notice that analysis of herbarium samples for Pt may not be a reliable method to determine its presence. It is important to further understand the potential toxicity caused by these ferns because of their effect on animals, public health, and the environment.
Subject(s)
Ferns , Pteris , Sesquiterpenes , Animals , Cattle , Argentina , Indans/toxicityABSTRACT
Bovine papillomavirus types 2 and 13 can induce tumors in both the cutaneous and mucosal epithelia of cattle. These viral types are associated with the development of benign cutaneous papillomas and malignant lesions in the urinary bladders of cattle, with the latter being known as bovine enzootic hematuria. Among the viral oncoproteins encoded by Deltapapillomavirus DNA, the E6 oncoprotein has an important role in cell proliferation and might be related to cancer initiation and promotion. The aim of this study was to present a standardized SYBR Green-based quantitative PCR for detection and quantification of the bovine papillomavirus 2 and 13 E6 oncogenes in urinary bladder samples from cattle. Twenty-four urinary bladders from cattle displaying tumors (n = 12) and normal bladder mucosa (n = 12) were tested by quantitative PCR. Of the 12 urinary bladders with tumors, six presented bovine papillomavirus 2 DNA concentrations ranging from 1.05 × 104 to 9.53 × 103 copies/µL, while two had bovine papillomavirus 13 DNA amplified at concentrations of 1.30 × 104 to 1.23 × 104 copies/µL. The healthy bladder mucosa samples were negative for both bovine papillomaviruses. Once the results were confirmed by conventional PCR and direct sequencing, the quantitative PCR assay developed in this study was shown to be a sensitive and specific tool for detecting and quantifying the E6 ORF of bovine papillomavirus 2 and 13 in a variety of clinical samples. Our findings of identification of bovine papillomavirus 2 and 13 DNA in urothelial tumors from cattle suffering from bovine enzootic hematuria agree with data from previous studies, representing the first detection of bovine papillomavirus 13 DNA in malignant bladder lesions of cattle from Brazil.
ABSTRACT
A Pteridium arachnoideum, anteriormente classificada como Pteridium aquilinum, popularmente conhecida por samambaia, é um dos vegetais tóxicos mais preocupantes em vários países, incluindo o Brasil. No estado do Paraná há várias regiões onde a planta possui característica endêmica. Pesquisadores brasileiros caracterizaram, experimentalmente, três formas clínicas das doenças causadas pela samambaia aos bovinos: diátese hemorrágica, hematúria enzoótica dos bovinos e carcinomas epidermoides do trato digestório superior. No presente trabalho, estudaram-se os valores hematológicos, bioquímicos e de urinálise em duas diferentes fases do desenvolvimento animal, sendo 58 novilhas e 55 vacas, originadas de propriedades rurais com características zootécnicas semelhantes e com a presença ou não da samambaia. A finalidade foi estabelecer um protocolo para triagem e adotar medidas na melhoria do manejo, evitando-se mais prejuízos. Neste estudo, houve uma queda no número de hemácias de vacas e novilhas provenientes de propriedades rurais com presença de samambaia. O número de plaquetas foi significativamente superior em ambas as faixas etárias nos bovinos provenientes de propriedades rurais com samambaia. Por outro lado, não houve alterações significativas no leucograma, indicando que não havia em nenhuma das duas categorias, resposta inflamatória sistêmica.(AU)
Pteridium arachnoideum, previously classified as Pteridium aquilinum, popularly known as bracken fern, is one of the most preoccupying poisonous vegetables in several countries, including Brazil. Brazilian researchers experimentally characterized three clinical forms of diseases caused by bracken fern in cattle: bleeding diathesis, bovine enzootic hematuria and squamous cell carcinoma in the upper digestive tracts. This work studies the hematological, biochemical and urinalysis values of two different phases of the animal development, being 58 heifers and 55 cows from farms with similar zootechnical characteristics, with and without the presence of bracken fern. In this study, there was a fall in the number of red blood cells in the cows and heifers from farms with the presence of bracken fern. The number of platelets was significantly higher in all of the age groups of animals from farms with bracken fern. There were no significant changes in the leucocyte count, indicating there was no systemic inflammatory response in any of the two categories.(AU)
El Pteridium arachnoideum, previamente clasificado como Pteridium aquilinum, popularmente conocido como helecho, es una de las plantas tóxicas más preocupantes en varios países, entre ellos Brasil. En el estado de Paraná hay varias regiones en las que la planta tiene característica endémica. Investigadores brasileños han caracterizado, experimentalmente, tres formas clínicas de la enfermedad causada por el helecho en la especie bovina: diátesis hemorrágica, hematuria enzoótica de ganado y carcinomas de células escamosas del tracto digestivo superior. En este trabajo se ha estudiado los valores hematológicos, bioquímicos y análisis de orina en dos etapas diferentes del desarrollo animal, compuesto por 58 novillas y 55 vacas, pertenecientes a granjas con características zootécnicas similares y con presencia o no de helecho. El objetivo ha sido establecer un protocolo para la detección y adoptar medidas para mejorar la gestión, evitando pérdidas. En este estudio se observó una disminución en el número de hematíes de vacas y novillas de propiedades rurales con la presencia de helecho. El recuento de plaquetas fue significativamente mayor en ambas edades de bovinos provenientes de propiedades con helecho. Por otro lado, no hubo cambios significativos en el recuento de glóbulos blancos, señalando que no había en ninguna de las dos categorías, respuesta inflamatoria sistémica.(AU)
Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Cattle , Clinical Laboratory Techniques/statistics & numerical data , Clinical Laboratory Techniques/veterinary , Hematology/methods , Pteridium , Triage/methods , Urinalysis/veterinaryABSTRACT
A Pteridium arachnoideum, anteriormente classificada como Pteridium aquilinum, popularmente conhecida por samambaia, é um dos vegetais tóxicos mais preocupantes em vários países, incluindo o Brasil. No estado do Paraná há várias regiões onde a planta possui característica endêmica. Pesquisadores brasileiros caracterizaram, experimentalmente, três formas clínicas das doenças causadas pela samambaia aos bovinos: diátese hemorrágica, hematúria enzoótica dos bovinos e carcinomas epidermoides do trato digestório superior. No presente trabalho, estudaram-se os valores hematológicos, bioquímicos e de urinálise em duas diferentes fases do desenvolvimento animal, sendo 58 novilhas e 55 vacas, originadas de propriedades rurais com características zootécnicas semelhantes e com a presença ou não da samambaia. A finalidade foi estabelecer um protocolo para triagem e adotar medidas na melhoria do manejo, evitando-se mais prejuízos. Neste estudo, houve uma queda no número de hemácias de vacas e novilhas provenientes de propriedades rurais com presença de samambaia. O número de plaquetas foi significativamente superior em ambas as faixas etárias nos bovinos provenientes de propriedades rurais com samambaia. Por outro lado, não houve alterações significativas no leucograma, indicando que não havia em nenhuma das duas categorias, resposta inflamatória sistêmica.(AU)
Pteridium arachnoideum, previously classified as Pteridium aquilinum, popularly known as bracken fern, is one of the most preoccupying poisonous vegetables in several countries, including Brazil. Brazilian researchers experimentally characterized three clinical forms of diseases caused by bracken fern in cattle: bleeding diathesis, bovine enzootic hematuria and squamous cell carcinoma in the upper digestive tracts. This work studies the hematological, biochemical and urinalysis values of two different phases of the animal development, being 58 heifers and 55 cows from farms with similar zootechnical characteristics, with and without the presence of bracken fern. In this study, there was a fall in the number of red blood cells in the cows and heifers from farms with the presence of bracken fern. The number of platelets was significantly higher in all of the age groups of animals from farms with bracken fern. There were no significant changes in the leucocyte count, indicating there was no systemic inflammatory response in any of the two categories.(AU)
El Pteridium arachnoideum, previamente clasificado como Pteridium aquilinum, popularmente conocido como helecho, es una de las plantas tóxicas más preocupantes en varios países, entre ellos Brasil. En el estado de Paraná hay varias regiones en las que la planta tiene característica endémica. Investigadores brasileños han caracterizado, experimentalmente, tres formas clínicas de la enfermedad causada por el helecho en la especie bovina: diátesis hemorrágica, hematuria enzoótica de ganado y carcinomas de células escamosas del tracto digestivo superior. En este trabajo se ha estudiado los valores hematológicos, bioquímicos y análisis de orina en dos etapas diferentes del desarrollo animal, compuesto por 58 novillas y 55 vacas, pertenecientes a granjas con características zootécnicas similares y con presencia o no de helecho. El objetivo ha sido establecer un protocolo para la detección y adoptar medidas para mejorar la gestión, evitando pérdidas. En este estudio se observó una disminución en el número de hematíes de vacas y novillas de propiedades rurales con la presencia de helecho. El recuento de plaquetas fue significativamente mayor en ambas edades de bovinos provenientes de propiedades con helecho. Por otro lado, no hubo cambios significativos en el recuento de glóbulos blancos, señalando que no había en ninguna de las dos categorías, respuesta inflamatoria sistémica.(AU)
Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Cattle , Clinical Laboratory Techniques/veterinary , Clinical Laboratory Techniques , Hematology/methods , Pteridium , Urinalysis/veterinary , Triage/methodsABSTRACT
The goal of this study was to investigate the presence of bovine papillomavirus type 2 (BPV-2) genomic DNA using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays, in the urinary bladder of cattle with bovine enzootic hematuria (BEH), in the neoplastic and non-neoplastic lesions in Espírito Santo, Brazil. Thus, 46 bladders with gross BEH lesions were collected from adult cattle at slaughterhouses. The samples were divided into two portions: one for use in histopathological analysis and the other one for PCR. Microscopic analysis showed that 56.52% of the bladders presented neoplastic lesions, of which 50% were benign, 23.08% were malignant and 26.92% presented both types of neoplasms. The remaining 43.48% of the bladders did not show any neoplasms. Presence of BPV-2 was confirmed in 43.48% of the bladders: 65% of these were found in neoplastic lesions and 35% in non-neoplastic lesions. Among the neoplastic lesions, detection of BPV-2 was more frequent in benign lesions (53.84%), followed by malignant lesions (23.08%) and by those presenting both benign and malignant lesions (23.08%). These results confirm the presence of BPV-2 in both neoplastic and non-neoplastic conditions in urinary bladders of cattle with enzootic hematuria from the studied geographic area.(AU)
Subject(s)
Animals , Cattle , Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods , Polymerase Chain Reaction/veterinary , Papillomavirus Infections/veterinary , Deltapapillomavirus/isolation & purification , Urinary Bladder , Hematuria/veterinary , Genome, ViralABSTRACT
The goal of this study was to investigate the presence of bovine papillomavirus type 2 (BPV-2) genomic DNA using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays, in the urinary bladder of cattle with bovine enzootic hematuria (BEH), in the neoplastic and non-neoplastic lesions in Espírito Santo, Brazil. Thus, 46 bladders with gross BEH lesions were collected from adult cattle at slaughterhouses. The samples were divided into two portions: one for use in histopathological analysis and the other one for PCR. Microscopic analysis showed that 56.52% of the bladders presented neoplastic lesions, of which 50% were benign, 23.08% were malignant and 26.92% presented both types of neoplasms. The remaining 43.48% of the bladders did not show any neoplasms. Presence of BPV-2 was confirmed in 43.48% of the bladders: 65% of these were found in neoplastic lesions and 35% in non-neoplastic lesions. Among the neoplastic lesions, detection of BPV-2 was more frequent in benign lesions (53.84%), followed by malignant lesions (23.08%) and by those presenting both benign and malignant lesions (23.08%). These results confirm the presence of BPV-2 in both neoplastic and non-neoplastic conditions in urinary bladders of cattle with enzootic hematuria from the studied geographic area.
Subject(s)
Animals , Cattle , Urinary Bladder , Deltapapillomavirus/isolation & purification , Papillomavirus Infections/veterinary , Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods , Polymerase Chain Reaction/veterinary , Genome, Viral , Hematuria/veterinaryABSTRACT
Bovine enzootic hematuria is characterized by the development of hemangiomatous lesions from several types of neoplastic processes, from epithelial and mesenchymal origin. In this research the histogenesis of neoplastic lesions found in bladder of bovines with enzootic hematuria from Caparaó microregion in the state of Espírito Santo, Brazil was determined. To accomplish this objective, immunohistochemical analysis was performed with primary antibodies: anti-vimentin, anti-cytokeratin, anti-CD31 and anti-uroplakin. Neoplasms found included urothelial carcinoma, in situ carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, hemangioma, myxoma e hemangiosarcoma. Immunohistochemical staining of cytokeratin in epithelial neoplasms and vimentin in mesenchymal neoplasms was significant (p 0.05). CD31 was positive in all the vessels of all samples, however, the staining was significant (p 0.05) in the tumor endothelial cells of the vascular mesenchymal neoplasms, as in hemangiomas and hemangiosarcomas. Uroplakin III staining was uneven in several neoplastic types and showed no significant difference (p>0.05). Most neoplasms showed an atypical uroplakin staining on urothelium and, in the case of hemangiosarcomas there was no staining of the urothelium at all. The Spearman statistical analysis revealed a positive correlation (r= 0.63, p= 0.05) between CD31 and vimentin and between cytokeratin and uroplaki
A hematúria enzoótica bovina é caracterizada pelo desenvolvimento de lesões hemangiomatosas relacionadas a diversos tipos de processos neoplásicos de origem epitelial e mesenquimal. O uso de biomarcadores pode auxiliar na classificação tumoral. Objetivou-se com este trabalho determinar a histogênese das lesões neoplásicas encontradas em bexigas, de animais da microrregião do Caparaó, ES com hematúria enzoótica bovina. Para isto foi realizada a imunoistoquímica com os anticorpos primários: anti-vimentina, anti-citoqueratina, anti-CD31 e anti-uroplaquina. As neoplasias encontradas foram carcinoma urotelial, carcinoma in situ, adenocarcinoma, hemangioma, mixoma e hemangiossarcoma. As marcações da citoqueratina em neoplasias epiteliais e da vimentina em neoplasias mesenquimais foram significativas (p 0,05). CD31 mostrou positividade em todos os vasos de todas as amostras, no entanto, a marcação foi significativa (p 0,05) nas células endoteliais tumorais das neoplasias mesenquimais de origem vascular, como hemangiomas e hemangiossarcomas. A marcação da uroplaquina III foi diferente nos diversos tipos neoplásicos e não demonstrou diferença significativa (p>0,05). Em relação ao tipo de marcação no urotélio, observou-se que a maioria das neoplasias mostrou marcação atípica, entretanto, nos hemangiossarcomas não houve marcação do urotélio em nenhuma das amostras. A análise esta
ABSTRACT
Bovine enzootic hematuria is characterized by the development of hemangiomatous lesions from several types of neoplastic processes, from epithelial and mesenchymal origin. In this research the histogenesis of neoplastic lesions found in bladder of bovines with enzootic hematuria from Caparaó microregion in the state of Espírito Santo, Brazil was determined. To accomplish this objective, immunohistochemical analysis was performed with primary antibodies: anti-vimentin, anti-cytokeratin, anti-CD31 and anti-uroplakin. Neoplasms found included urothelial carcinoma, in situ carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, hemangioma, myxoma e hemangiosarcoma. Immunohistochemical staining of cytokeratin in epithelial neoplasms and vimentin in mesenchymal neoplasms was significant (p 0.05). CD31 was positive in all the vessels of all samples, however, the staining was significant (p 0.05) in the tumor endothelial cells of the vascular mesenchymal neoplasms, as in hemangiomas and hemangiosarcomas. Uroplakin III staining was uneven in several neoplastic types and showed no significant difference (p>0.05). Most neoplasms showed an atypical uroplakin staining on urothelium and, in the case of hemangiosarcomas there was no staining of the urothelium at all. The Spearman statistical analysis revealed a positive correlation (r= 0.63, p= 0.05) between CD31 and vimentin and between cytokeratin and uroplaki
A hematúria enzoótica bovina é caracterizada pelo desenvolvimento de lesões hemangiomatosas relacionadas a diversos tipos de processos neoplásicos de origem epitelial e mesenquimal. O uso de biomarcadores pode auxiliar na classificação tumoral. Objetivou-se com este trabalho determinar a histogênese das lesões neoplásicas encontradas em bexigas, de animais da microrregião do Caparaó, ES com hematúria enzoótica bovina. Para isto foi realizada a imunoistoquímica com os anticorpos primários: anti-vimentina, anti-citoqueratina, anti-CD31 e anti-uroplaquina. As neoplasias encontradas foram carcinoma urotelial, carcinoma in situ, adenocarcinoma, hemangioma, mixoma e hemangiossarcoma. As marcações da citoqueratina em neoplasias epiteliais e da vimentina em neoplasias mesenquimais foram significativas (p 0,05). CD31 mostrou positividade em todos os vasos de todas as amostras, no entanto, a marcação foi significativa (p 0,05) nas células endoteliais tumorais das neoplasias mesenquimais de origem vascular, como hemangiomas e hemangiossarcomas. A marcação da uroplaquina III foi diferente nos diversos tipos neoplásicos e não demonstrou diferença significativa (p>0,05). Em relação ao tipo de marcação no urotélio, observou-se que a maioria das neoplasias mostrou marcação atípica, entretanto, nos hemangiossarcomas não houve marcação do urotélio em nenhuma das amostras. A análise esta
ABSTRACT
With the objective of explaining the question of survival of cattle affected by Enzootic Hematuria, when transferred to areas free of Pteridium arachnoideum, the study was accomplished in two parts: a) by a questionnaire regarding the epidemic aspects of that illness, which was answered by the proprietors of 73 cattle establishments visited in the areas of Southeast of Brazil, where P. arachnoideum is prevalent. The applied questionnaire to the proprietors indicates that enzootic hematuria is responsible for serious socioeconomic problems; b) clinical and laboratorial attendance of 51 cattle of this area affected by Enzootic Hematuria, between 2007 and 2011, transferred to area free of P. arachnoideum. More than 90% of the affected animals by HEB died before two years after removal from areas free of P. arachnoideum.(AU)
Com o objetivo de esclarecer a questão da sobrevida de bovinos afetados por Hematúria Enzoótica, quando transferidos para áreas livres de Pteridium arachnoideum, o estudo foi realizado em duas partes: a) aplicação de questionário versando sobre os aspectos epidemiológicos dessa enfermidade, respondido por proprietários de 73 estabelecimentos pecuários visitados nas áreas da Região Sudeste onde P. arachnoideum é prevalente. O questionário aplicado aos proprietários indica que a HEB é causa de sérios problemas sócio-econômicos. b) acompanhamento clínico e laboratorial de 51 bovinos desta região, afetados pela Hematúria Enzoótica entre 2007 e 2011, transferidos para região livre de P. arachnoideum. Verificou-se que mais de 90% dos animais afetados por HEB morre antes de dois anos após serem transferidos para áreas indenes de P. arachnoideum.(AU)
Subject(s)
Animals , Cattle , Cattle/metabolism , Pteridium/toxicity , Hematuria/veterinary , Endemic Diseases/veterinary , Health SurveysABSTRACT
With the objective of explaining the question of survival of cattle affected by Enzootic Hematuria, when transferred to areas free of Pteridium arachnoideum, the study was accomplished in two parts: a) by a questionnaire regarding the epidemic aspects of that illness, which was answered by the proprietors of 73 cattle establishments visited in the areas of Southeast of Brazil, where P. arachnoideum is prevalent. The applied questionnaire to the proprietors indicates that enzootic hematuria is responsible for serious socioeconomic problems; b) clinical and laboratorial attendance of 51 cattle of this area affected by Enzootic Hematuria, between 2007 and 2011, transferred to area free of P. arachnoideum. More than 90% of the affected animals by HEB died before two years after removal from areas free of P. arachnoideum.
Com o objetivo de esclarecer a questão da sobrevida de bovinos afetados por Hematúria Enzoótica, quando transferidos para áreas livres de Pteridium arachnoideum, o estudo foi realizado em duas partes: a) aplicação de questionário versando sobre os aspectos epidemiológicos dessa enfermidade, respondido por proprietários de 73 estabelecimentos pecuários visitados nas áreas da Região Sudeste onde P. arachnoideum é prevalente. O questionário aplicado aos proprietários indica que a HEB é causa de sérios problemas sócio-econômicos. b) acompanhamento clínico e laboratorial de 51 bovinos desta região, afetados pela Hematúria Enzoótica entre 2007 e 2011, transferidos para região livre de P. arachnoideum. Verificou-se que mais de 90% dos animais afetados por HEB morre antes de dois anos após serem transferidos para áreas indenes de P. arachnoideum.
Subject(s)
Animals , Cattle , Cattle/metabolism , Hematuria/veterinary , Pteridium/toxicity , Endemic Diseases/veterinary , Health SurveysABSTRACT
A hematúria enzoótica bovina (HEB) é uma doença crônica que tem causado grandes perdas econômicas aos proprietários da microrregião do Caparaó, na região Sul do Estado do Espírito Santo (ES). O objetivo deste trabalho foi obter a prevalência e os achados hematológicos de bovinos com hematúria enzoótica decorrente de intoxicação natural por Pteridium aquilinum (samambaia) no período de março de 2007 a abril de 2008, na microrregião do Caparaó, ES. Foram visitadas 50 propriedades onde foi constatada a presença da planta em todos os 10 municípios avaliados. Cento e oitenta e um bovinos foram examinados e 39 estavam doentes. Dentre os afetados, 22 (56,4 por cento) apresentavam HEB, todos provenientes dos Municípios de Guaçuí, Divino de São Lourenço, Iúna, Ibatiba e Ibitirama. Os bovinos tinham macrohematúria, e os valores do hematócrito mostraram-se baixos, variando de 8 por cento a 31 por cento. A leucometria total teve valor médio de 132 x 10³ mm-3, revelando leucocitose. A temperatura e o tempo de preenchimento capilar (TPC) estavam dentro da normalidade. Quatro bovinos (18,2 por cento) tinham mucosas anêmicas. Nota-se que a prevalência de HEB, na microrregião do Caparaó, ES, é alta e que há a necessidade de novos estudos para diminuir as perdas econômicas causadas por essa doença.
Bovine enzootic hematuria (BEH) is a chronic disease that has been causing great economic losses to farmers of the Caparaó microregion, southern Espírito Santo State. The objective of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of cattle naturally affected by poisoning by Pteridium aquilinum (bracken fern) with clinical hematuria between 2007 and 2008 and establish the hematologic findings of these animals. Fifty facilities were visited and the plant was observed in all of the ten evaluated municipal districts. One hundred and eighty one bovines were examined and 39 animals were sick. Among the affected cattle, 22 (56.4 percent) presented BEH. Affected animals were from Guaçuí, Divino de São Lourenço, Iúna, Ibatiba and Ibitirama districts. The animals had macrohematuria and the values of the hematocrit were low, ranging between 8 and 31 percent. The total leukometry had the mean value of 132 x 10³mm-3, showing leukocytosis. The temperature and capillary refill time were normal. Four animals (18.2 percent) had pale mucosal surfaces. It was noted that the BEH prevalence in the Caparaó microregion, ES, is high and there is a great necessity of new studies to reduce the economic losses caused by this disease.
ABSTRACT
Foram estudados casos espontâneos de intoxicação crônica por samambaia (Pteridium aquilinum) em bovinos nas formas clinicopatológicas de carcinoma de células escamosas (CCE) no trato alimentar superior (TAS) e de hematúria enzoótica bovina (HEB), provenientes da Mesorregião Centro Ocidental Rio-Grandense e encaminhados ao Laboratório de Patologia Veterinária da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria. Para o estudo clínico foram avaliados os sinais clínicos de bovinos com CCEs no TAS e com HEB e realizados hemogramas na fase terminal da doença. Os principais sinais clínicos nos bovinos com CCEs no TAS foram emagrecimento progressivo, atonia ruminal, tosse, disfagia, timpanismo e regurgitação. Nos bovinos com HEB, hematúria foi o principal sinal, observado em todos os casos, seguido de emagrecimento progressivo. No exame hematológico, 33,33 por cento dos bovinos com CCEs no TAS e 66,67 por cento dos bovinos com HEB apresentaram anemia arregenerativa. Alterações no leucograma ocorreram em alguns casos, mas linfopenia foi um achado infreqüente em ambas as formas de intoxicação. Para o estudo morfológico, foram avaliadas as bexigas de 46 bovinos com CCEs no TAS e de 11 bovinos com HEB. Macroscopicamente, 16/46 bexigas dos casos de CCEs no TAS apresentaram alterações macroscópicas, que consistiam nódulos vermelhos ou pálidos, hemorragia e papilomas; urina vermelha foi observada na necropsia de apenas três casos). Nos casos de HEB, os achados macroscópicos vesicais foram nódulos vermelhos, massas neoplásicas focalmente extensas, urina vermelha, papilomas, hemorragias e ruptura de bexiga; pielonefrite e hidronefrose foram observados em poucos casos. Histologicamente, 44/46 (95,65 por cento) bexigas de bovinos com CCEs no TAS apresentaram 22 tipos diferentes de alterações morfológicas, que foram classificadas em alterações neoplásicas (5/22) e alterações não-neoplásicas (17/22); essas últimas foram divididas em alterações epiteliais não-neoplásicas ...
Spontaneous cases of chronic poisoning by Pteridium aquilinum in cattle were studied. The clinical forms of the disease were squamous cell carcinoma (SCCs) of the upper digestive tract (UDT) and bovine enzootic hematuria (BEH). The cases were from the midland Region of the Midwest of Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil, and were submitted to the Laboratório de Patologia Veterinária of the Universidade Federal de Santa Maria. Clinical signs and blood work were evaluated at terminal phase of disease. Cattle with UDT SCCs had progressive weigth loss, ruminal atony, cough, dysphagia, bloating, and regurgitation. In cattle with BEH, hematuria was observed in all cases, followed by progressive weight loss. Non-regenerative anemia was detected in 33.33 percent of the cattle with UDT SCCs form and in 66.66 percent of the cattle with BEH form. Changes in white blood count occurred in some cases but drop in lymphocyte numbers was uncommon in both forms of disease. For the morphological study, urinary bladders from 46 cattle with UDT SCCs and 11 cattle with BEH were analyzed. Grossly, 16/46 bladders from the UDT SCCs form had gross lesions (red or pale vesical nodules, hemorrhages, and papilomas; red urine was detected at necropsy of only three cases). In BEH form, the bladder had nodules, large neoplastic masses, red urine, papilomas, and hemorrhages. Pyelonephritis and hydronephrosis were seen in a few cases. Microscopically, in the UDT SCCs form, 44/46 (95.65 percent) bladders had 22 different types of morphological changes, characterized by neoplastic lesions (5/22) and non-neoplastic lesions (17/22); the latter were subdivided in non-neoplastic epithelial changes (6/17), general changes of the lamina propria (6/17), and inflammatory changes (5/17). The bladder changes in BEH form were of 19 different types, characterized by neoplastic lesions (5/19) and non-neoplastic lesions (14/19), which were subdivided in non-neoplastic epitelial changes (9/14), ...
ABSTRACT
Bovine enzootic hematuria (BEH) is a chronic disease that has been causing great economic losses to farmers of the Caparaó microregion, southern Espírito Santo State. The objective of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of cattle naturally affected by poisoning by Pteridium aquilinum (bracken fern) with clinical hematuria between 2007 and 2008 and establish the hematologic findings of these animals. Fifty facilities were visited and the plant was observed in all of the ten evaluated municipal districts. One hundred and eighty one bovines were examined and 39 animals were sick. Among the affected cattle, 22 (56.4%) presented BEH. Affected animals were from Guaçuí, Divino de São Lourenço, Iúna, Ibatiba and Ibitirama districts. The animals had macrohematuria and the values of the hematocrit were low, ranging between 8 and 31%. The total leukometry had the mean value of 132 x 10³mm-3, showing leukocytosis. The temperature and capillary refill time were normal. Four animals (18.2%) had pale mucosal surfaces. It was noted that the BEH prevalence in the Caparaó microregion, ES, is high and there is a great necessity of new studies to reduce the economic losses caused by this disease.
A hematúria enzoótica bovina (HEB) é uma doença crônica que tem causado grandes perdas econômicas aos proprietários da microrregião do Caparaó, na região Sul do Estado do Espírito Santo (ES). O objetivo deste trabalho foi obter a prevalência e os achados hematológicos de bovinos com hematúria enzoótica decorrente de intoxicação natural por Pteridium aquilinum (samambaia) no período de março de 2007 a abril de 2008, na microrregião do Caparaó, ES. Foram visitadas 50 propriedades onde foi constatada a presença da planta em todos os 10 municípios avaliados. Cento e oitenta e um bovinos foram examinados e 39 estavam doentes. Dentre os afetados, 22 (56,4%) apresentavam HEB, todos provenientes dos Municípios de Guaçuí, Divino de São Lourenço, Iúna, Ibatiba e Ibitirama. Os bovinos tinham macrohematúria, e os valores do hematócrito mostraram-se baixos, variando de 8% a 31%. A leucometria total teve valor médio de 132 x 10³ mm-3, revelando leucocitose. A temperatura e o tempo de preenchimento capilar (TPC) estavam dentro da normalidade. Quatro bovinos (18,2%) tinham mucosas anêmicas. Nota-se que a prevalência de HEB, na microrregião do Caparaó, ES, é alta e que há a necessidade de novos estudos para diminuir as perdas econômicas causadas por essa doença.
ABSTRACT
Bovine enzootic hematuria (BEH) is a chronic disease that has been causing great economic losses to farmers of the Caparaó microregion, southern Espírito Santo State. The objective of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of cattle naturally affected by poisoning by Pteridium aquilinum (bracken fern) with clinical hematuria between 2007 and 2008 and establish the hematologic findings of these animals. Fifty facilities were visited and the plant was observed in all of the ten evaluated municipal districts. One hundred and eighty one bovines were examined and 39 animals were sick. Among the affected cattle, 22 (56.4%) presented BEH. Affected animals were from Guaçuí, Divino de São Lourenço, Iúna, Ibatiba and Ibitirama districts. The animals had macrohematuria and the values of the hematocrit were low, ranging between 8 and 31%. The total leukometry had the mean value of 132 x 10³mm-3, showing leukocytosis. The temperature and capillary refill time were normal. Four animals (18.2%) had pale mucosal surfaces. It was noted that the BEH prevalence in the Caparaó microregion, ES, is high and there is a great necessity of new studies to reduce the economic losses caused by this disease.
A hematúria enzoótica bovina (HEB) é uma doença crônica que tem causado grandes perdas econômicas aos proprietários da microrregião do Caparaó, na região Sul do Estado do Espírito Santo (ES). O objetivo deste trabalho foi obter a prevalência e os achados hematológicos de bovinos com hematúria enzoótica decorrente de intoxicação natural por Pteridium aquilinum (samambaia) no período de março de 2007 a abril de 2008, na microrregião do Caparaó, ES. Foram visitadas 50 propriedades onde foi constatada a presença da planta em todos os 10 municípios avaliados. Cento e oitenta e um bovinos foram examinados e 39 estavam doentes. Dentre os afetados, 22 (56,4%) apresentavam HEB, todos provenientes dos Municípios de Guaçuí, Divino de São Lourenço, Iúna, Ibatiba e Ibitirama. Os bovinos tinham macrohematúria, e os valores do hematócrito mostraram-se baixos, variando de 8% a 31%. A leucometria total teve valor médio de 132 x 10³ mm-3, revelando leucocitose. A temperatura e o tempo de preenchimento capilar (TPC) estavam dentro da normalidade. Quatro bovinos (18,2%) tinham mucosas anêmicas. Nota-se que a prevalência de HEB, na microrregião do Caparaó, ES, é alta e que há a necessidade de novos estudos para diminuir as perdas econômicas causadas por essa doença.
ABSTRACT
Bovine enzootic hematuria (BEH) is a chronic disease that has been causing great economic losses to farmers of the Caparaó microregion, southern Espírito Santo State. The objective of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of cattle naturally affected by poisoning by Pteridium aquilinum (bracken fern) with clinical hematuria between 2007 and 2008 and establish the hematologic findings of these animals. Fifty facilities were visited and the plant was observed in all of the ten evaluated municipal districts. One hundred and eighty one bovines were examined and 39 animals were sick. Among the affected cattle, 22 (56.4%) presented BEH. Affected animals were from Guaçuí, Divino de São Lourenço, Iúna, Ibatiba and Ibitirama districts. The animals had macrohematuria and the values of the hematocrit were low, ranging between 8 and 31%. The total leukometry had the mean value of 132 x 10³mm-3, showing leukocytosis. The temperature and capillary refill time were normal. Four animals (18.2%) had pale mucosal surfaces. It was noted that the BEH prevalence in the Caparaó microregion, ES, is high and there is a great necessity of new studies to reduce the economic losses caused by this disease.
A hematúria enzoótica bovina (HEB) é uma doença crônica que tem causado grandes perdas econômicas aos proprietários da microrregião do Caparaó, na região Sul do Estado do Espírito Santo (ES). O objetivo deste trabalho foi obter a prevalência e os achados hematológicos de bovinos com hematúria enzoótica decorrente de intoxicação natural por Pteridium aquilinum (samambaia) no período de março de 2007 a abril de 2008, na microrregião do Caparaó, ES. Foram visitadas 50 propriedades onde foi constatada a presença da planta em todos os 10 municípios avaliados. Cento e oitenta e um bovinos foram examinados e 39 estavam doentes. Dentre os afetados, 22 (56,4%) apresentavam HEB, todos provenientes dos Municípios de Guaçuí, Divino de São Lourenço, Iúna, Ibatiba e Ibitirama. Os bovinos tinham macrohematúria, e os valores do hematócrito mostraram-se baixos, variando de 8% a 31%. A leucometria total teve valor médio de 132 x 10³ mm-3, revelando leucocitose. A temperatura e o tempo de preenchimento capilar (TPC) estavam dentro da normalidade. Quatro bovinos (18,2%) tinham mucosas anêmicas. Nota-se que a prevalência de HEB, na microrregião do Caparaó, ES, é alta e que há a necessidade de novos estudos para diminuir as perdas econômicas causadas por essa doença.
ABSTRACT
Fueron evaluados los resultados de paneo de 575 bovinos provenientes de once fincas del municipio Campo Elías, Mérida, Venezuela, a objeto de conocer la validez, seguridad y coeficiente de verosimilitud de las pruebas tiras reactivas para orina (TR) y examen microscópico del sedimento urinario (EMSU), opciones utilizadas como apoyo en el diagnóstico de Hematuria Enzoótica Bovina (HEB), para así delinear estrategias que permitan enfrentar la problemática en los rebaños. Los datos fueron comparados individual y en conjunto (paralelo y en serie) con los resultados de la evaluación anatomopatológica posmortem de 94 animales enfermos, lo que se consideró prueba estándar de oro. El análisis de las evidencias demuestra: {i} alto grado de validez, derivado de la alta sensibilidad (Sn) y especificidad (Es); {ii} excelente nivel de seguridad, medido mediante valores de predicción (VP+, VP-), para una prevalencia aparente del 16,34% y; {iii} extraordinario coeficiente de verosimilitud positivo (RV+) y negativo (RV-). Además, se discute la dificultad de comparar o extrapolar investigaciones precedentes ante la ausencia de datos, como: punto de corte en la conceptualización del término hematuria microscópica, valores de predicción y prevalencia de HEB, entre otros. Se concluye que bajo las condiciones existentes en la zona de estudio, el método TR resulta suficiente para la confirmación de los casos clínicos presuntivos de HEB. Caso contrario, al requerir descartar la enfermedad debe recurrirse directamente al EMSU; además, se define que la utilización en paralelo de ambos test posee características equivalentes a prueba estándar de oro. En virtud de tales evidencias se propone un algoritmo de trabajo a seguir para el diagnóstico temprano de los rebaños amenazados por el consumo del Pteridium, dicho patrón requiere de evaluaciones futuras.
Screning results of 575 bovines from eleven farms of the Campo Elías Municipality, Mérida State, Venezuela, were evaluated with the intention of knowing the validity, security and coefficient of probability of the tests urine reactive dip strips (URS) and microscopic examination of the urinary sediment (USME) as used options to support the diagnosis of Bovine Enzootic Hematuria (BEH), also in order to delineate strategies to face the problematic in the herds. The data were compared individual and altogether (parallel and in series) with the results of posmortem histophatological evaluation of 94 ill animals, it was considered a standard gold test. The analysis of the evidences demonstrates: (i) high validity degree, derivative of the high sensitivity (Sn) and specificity (Sp); (II) excellent level of security, measured trough values of prediction (PV+, PV-), for an apparent prevalence of 16.34% and; (III) extraordinary coefficient of positive probability (VR+) and negative (VR-). In addition, it is discussed the difficulty to compare or to extrapolate preceding investigations when there is not data, such as: cut off point in the definition of the microscopic hematuria term, values of prediction and prevalence of BEH, among others. One concludes that under the existing conditions in the zone of study, the URS method is sufficient for the confirmation of the clinical cases of BEH. On the other hand, when requiring discarding the disease is necessary to go directly to the USME; moreover, it is defined that the use in parallel of both of the test are equivalent to a standard gold test. As a result of such evidences a work algorithm is proposed to be followed in the early diagnosis of the herds threatened by the consumption of the Pteridium; this pattern requires futures evaluations.
ABSTRACT
Enzootic hematuria is a cronic disease of cows clinically characterized by intermittent hematuria that can be caused by bracken fern (Pteridium aquilinum) and the papilomatosis virus. We describe the clinical and laboratorial abnormalities observed during period of 6 months in naturally affect cows extensively raised in the north region of Paraná State. The animals had low concentrations of total calcium, with normal levels phosphorus and magnesium. Fractional excretion of calcium and phosphorus were increased. Metaplasia and hyperplasia in the epithelium as well as papilomas, hemangiomas, and transitional cell carcinomas were observed histopathologically in the urinary bladder. We were unable to demonstrate any viral presence by imunnohistochemistry and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of paraffin blocks.
A hematúria enzoótica é uma doença crônica dos bovinos caracterizada clinicamente por hematúria intermitente que pode ser causada pela samambaia (Pteridium aquilinum) e o vírus da papilomatose. Por meio deste estudo verificamos as alterações clínico-laboratoriais em bovinos, mestiços, fêmeas, naturalmente intoxicados pela samambaia, em propriedades rurais de criação extensiva na região norte do Paraná, durante o período de 6 meses. Os resultados mostraram baixo nível plasmático de cálcio, níveis plasmáticos normais para fósforo e magnésio, aumento da excreção urinária fracionada de cálcio e fósforo. Histopatologicamente foram observadas alterações neoplásicas como papiloma, hemangioma e carcinoma de células transicionais além de metaplasia e hiperplasia na bexiga. Provas de imuno-histoquimica e reação em cadeia pela polimerase (PCR) de cortes parafinados mostraram resultado negativo para o agente viral.
ABSTRACT
Enzootic hematuria is a cronic disease of cows clinically characterized by intermittent hematuria that can be caused by bracken fern (Pteridium aquilinum) and the papilomatosis virus. We describe the clinical and laboratorial abnormalities observed during period of 6 months in naturally affect cows extensively raised in the north region of Paraná State. The animals had low concentrations of total calcium, with normal levels phosphorus and magnesium. Fractional excretion of calcium and phosphorus were increased. Metaplasia and hyperplasia in the epithelium as well as papilomas, hemangiomas, and transitional cell carcinomas were observed histopathologically in the urinary bladder. We were unable to demonstrate any viral presence by imunnohistochemistry and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of paraffin blocks.
A hematúria enzoótica é uma doença crônica dos bovinos caracterizada clinicamente por hematúria intermitente que pode ser causada pela samambaia (Pteridium aquilinum) e o vírus da papilomatose. Por meio deste estudo verificamos as alterações clínico-laboratoriais em bovinos, mestiços, fêmeas, naturalmente intoxicados pela samambaia, em propriedades rurais de criação extensiva na região norte do Paraná, durante o período de 6 meses. Os resultados mostraram baixo nível plasmático de cálcio, níveis plasmáticos normais para fósforo e magnésio, aumento da excreção urinária fracionada de cálcio e fósforo. Histopatologicamente foram observadas alterações neoplásicas como papiloma, hemangioma e carcinoma de células transicionais além de metaplasia e hiperplasia na bexiga. Provas de imuno-histoquimica e reação em cadeia pela polimerase (PCR) de cortes parafinados mostraram resultado negativo para o agente viral.