[Management optimization of neovascular age-related macular degeneration in Spain: Evolution towards proactive treatment models]. / Optimización del manejo de la degeneración macular asociada a la edad neovascular en España: evolución hacia modelos proactivos de tratamiento.

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: Healthcare resources optimization is crucial to assume the growing demand of neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD). This work provides guidelines and support so that each hospital can lead its change management. METHODS: The OPTIMUS project (n=10 hospitals) was based on face-to-face interviews with the key staff of the ophthalmology services, and alignment with the main responsible for each centre (nominal group) to identify potential needs for improving nAMD. The OPTIMUS nominal group was expanded to 12 centres (eVOLUTION). Through different remote work sessions, different guides and tools were defined and developed to implement proactive treatment strategies, one-step treatment administration and potential for remote visits (eConsult) in nAMD. RESULTS: The information collected from the OPTIMUS interviews and working groups (n=10 centres) defined roadmaps to promote the development of protocols and proactive treatment strategies, including healthcare workload optimization and one-stop treatment administration in nAMD. With eVOLUTION, processes and tools were developed to promote eConsult: (i) healthcare burden calculator; (ii) definition of potential patients for telematic management; (iii) definition of nAMD management archetypes; (iv) definition of processes for implementation of eConsult by archetype; and (v) key performance indicators for changing evaluation. CONCLUSIONS: Managing change is an internal task that requires an adequate diagnosis of processes and feasible implementation roadmaps. OPTIMUS and eVOLUTION provide the basic tools for an autonomous advance of hospitals in the optimization of AMD management, with the available resources.

[Process of medical nutrition therapy]. / Proceso de tratamiento médico nutricional.

Introduction: Medical nutrition therapy is a very useful tool in maintaining and recovering the health of patients with disease-related malnutrition, although its implementation can be complex and is not without risks. Quality processes are understood as sets of activities that are related or interact to transform input elements into results. From the SENPE Management Work Group we present the process of medical nutrition therapy (PMNT), which aims to facilitate the management of clinical nutrition of a multidisciplinary nutrition support team in a hospital setting. This paper describes the seven sub-processes PMNT is comprised of, in addition to a previous nutritional screening sub-process. Each sub-process is divided into a first section with a technical sheet detailing its general aspects, while a second section proposes key objectives, quality indicators, and standards for their evaluation. .

Introducción: El tratamiento médico nutricional es de gran utilidad en el mantenimiento y recuperación de la salud de los pacientes con desnutrición relacionada con la enfermedad, aunque su implementación puede ser compleja y no está exenta de riesgos. Se entiende por proceso aquel conjunto de actividades que están mutuamente relacionadas o que interactúan para transformar elementos de entrada en resultados. Desde el Grupo de Trabajo de Gestión de la SENPE presentamos el Proceso de Tratamiento Médico Nutricional (PTMN), que tiene por objetivo facilitar la gestión de la nutrición clínica, pensando en un equipo de soporte nutricional multidisciplinar de atención al paciente hospitalizado. En este documento se describen los siete subprocesos que constituyen el PTMN, además de un subproceso previo de cribado nutricional. Cada subproceso se divide en una primera sección con una ficha técnica en la que se detallan sus aspectos generales, mientras que en la segunda sección se proponen objetivos clave, indicadores de calidad y estándares para su evaluación.

Proceso de tratamiento médico nutricional / Process of medical nutrition therapy

El tratamiento médico nutricional es de gran utilidad en el mantenimiento y recuperación de la salud de los pacientes con desnutrición relacionada con la enfermedad, aunque su implementación puede ser compleja y no está exenta de riesgos. Se entiende por proceso aquel conjunto de actividades que están mutuamente relacionadas o que interactúan para transformar elementos de entrada en resultados. Desde el Grupo de Trabajo de Gestión de la SENPE presentamos el Proceso de Tratamiento Médico Nutricional (PTMN), que tiene por objetivo facilitar la gestión de la nutrición clínica, pensando en un equipo de soporte nutricional multidisciplinar de atención al paciente hospitalizado.En este documento se describen los siete subprocesos que constituyen el PTMN, además de un subproceso previo de cribado nutricional. Cada subproceso se divide en una primera sección con una ficha técnica en la que se detallan sus aspectos generales, mientras que en la segunda sección se proponen objetivos clave, indicadores de calidad y estándares para su evaluación. (AU)

Medical nutrition therapy is a very useful tool in maintaining and recovering the health of patients with disease-related malnutrition, although its implementation can be complex and is not without risks. Quality processes are understood as sets of activities that are related or interact to transform input elements into results. From the SENPE Management Work Group we present the process of medical nutrition therapy (PMNT), which aims to facilitate the management of clinical nutrition of a multidisciplinary nutrition support team in a hospital setting.This paper describes the seven sub-processes PMNT is comprised of, in addition to a previous nutritional screening sub-process. Each sub-process is divided into a first section with a technical sheet detailing its general aspects, while a second section proposes key objectives, quality indicators, and standards for their evaluation. (AU)

[Analysis on the impact of the introduction of a quality management plan of the diabetes care process in a Health Area of Galicia (Spain)]. / Análisis del impacto de la implantación del plan de gestión de calidad del proceso asistencial de diabetes en un Área Sanitaria de Galicia.

OBJECTIVE: To analyse the impact of a management plan for the diabetes process on the level of control of HbA1c and the rate of hypoglycaemia. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The Health Area had a catchment population of 446,603. An anti-diabetic drug prescription (29,705 patients) was used to select diabetic patients. The variables recorded were: percentage of patients with HbA1c <8% and the hypoglycaemia rate before and after implementation of the quality program. RESULTS: The prevalence of diabetes was 11.8%, with 71.3% of them receiving some pharmacological treatment. In the year 2016, in the Integrated Health Area of Santiago de Compostela (Spain), 59.6% (95% CI: 57.9% -61.2%) of the patients had an HbA1c of less than 8%. After the implementation of the quality program, there was an increase in the number of controlled patients, reaching 63.6% (IRQ: 16.0%) in 2017, and 63.8% (95% CI: 62.5% - 65.2%) in 2018. The annual rate of hypoglycaemia increased non-significantly from 2.8 (95% CI: 2.22-3.35) in 2016, to 2.94 (95% CI: 2.35-2.35) in 2017 (P=.083), and 3.0 (95% CI: 2.44-3.56) in 2018 (P=.399). CONCLUSIONS: The implementation of the diabetes process management program enabled the level of control of HbA1c to be improved, as well as increase the percentage of patients who undergo regular check-ups, without increasing hypoglycaemia.

Implementación de un proceso clínico integrado para la atención de la fractura de cadera en pacientes mayores de 65 años / Implementation of an integrated clinical process for the care of hip fracture in patients older than 65 years

Resumen: Las fracturas de cadera en el anciano representan un grave problema sanitario. En nuestro país se ha producido un incremento exponencial de las mismas, por lo que suponen, desde el punto de vista de la gestión hospitalaria, un reto cada vez mayor. El objetivo del estudio es evaluar los resultados al año de la implementación piloto de un proceso clínico multidisciplinar para la atención de los pacientes mayores de 65 años con diagnóstico de fractura de cadera. Material y métodos: Estudio observacional de cohortes, retrospectivo. Se incluyeron los pacientes con edad igual o mayor de 65 años con diagnóstico de fractura de cadera. Los períodos analizados fueron el año natural 2013 (anterior a la intervención, 84 pacientes) y el año natural 2015 (en el que se desarrolla la implementación piloto, 85 pacientes). Las variables analizadas fueron la tasa de pacientes intervenidos en las primeras 48 horas, la estancia preoperatoria, la estancia total y la tasa de mortalidad al año. Resultados: La tasa de intervención en las primeras 48 horas en 2013 fue de 24.3% y en 2015 de 64.6%. Las medianas de las estancias preoperatoria y total se redujeron en tres días. No se encontraron diferencias en la tasas de mortalidad al año entre ambos grupos. Conclusión: Nuestro estudio sugiere que tras implementar un proceso clínico multidisciplinar para la atención de la fractura de cadera se pueden observar mejoras en la eficiencia asistencial. No se ha podido demostrar una menor tasa de mortalidad al año.

Abstract: Hip fracture in the elderly is considered to be a serious sanitary problem. In our country, these fractures have experimented an exponential growth, becoming an important challenge for healthcare management. This study is aimed to evaluate the 1-year-follow-up results after the pilot implementation of a multidisciplinary clinical pathway for hip fractures in over-65-year-old patients. Material and methods: We performed an observational retrospective cohort study. All over-65-year-old patients diagnosed with hip fracture were included. The analysed periods were the year 2013 (previous to the implementation of the clinical pathway, 84 patients) and the year 2015 (after the pilot implantation of the clinical pathway, 85 patients). We studied the following variables: rate of patients that underwent surgery during the first 48 hours, preoperative length of stay, total length of stay and one year mortality rate. Results: The rate of surgery during the first 48 hours was 24.3% in 2013 and 64.6% in 2015. The median of the preoperative and total length of stay decreased three days. One year mortality rates of both groups were not found to be statistically different. Conclusion: Our study suggests that improvements of the care efficiency may be achieved after the implementation of a clinical pathway for the hip fracture in the elderly. It was not possible to demonstrate a lower one year mortality rate.

Stroke care programme in Aragon (PAIA): strategy and outcomes for the period 2009-2014. / Programa de Atención al Ictus en Aragón (PAIA). Estrategia del cambio y resultados en el periodo 2009-2014.

INTRODUCTION: In 2008, stroke mortality, morbidity, and disability rates in Aragon were higher than the average in Spain. These data underscored the need to develop a stroke care programme (PAIA). MATERIAL AND METHODS: We present the dynamics of planning, implementation, evaluation, and improvement developed between 2009 and 2014 as well as the results of the PAIA after that 5-year period. RESULTS: Structure, processes, and outcomes have improved with reference to the key indicators of healthcare (audit: 2008, 2010, 2012) among others: stroke rate in 2013 was 2.07 (2.36 in 2008); 78% of strokes were managed in stroke units in 2014 (30% in 2008); rate of fibrinolysis was 8.3% in 2014 (4.4% in 2010); fibrinolysis was administered in secondary hospitals (30% of the total); fibrinolysis was administered by Telestroke in 9%; stroke mortality decreased (38%); 67.7 years of potential life lost (YPLL) in 2013 (144 in 2008); nurse training; development of neurosonology; networking; sharing protocols and best practices between health sectors, etc. CONCLUSIONS: Integrated process management and multidisciplinary teams distributed and deployed over an entire territory with established protocols, references, evaluations, and continuous development, have been proven powerful tools to ensure both quality and equality. The PAIA is a good example of clinical governance and networking due to its dynamic and sustained improvement and cooperation between clinicians.

Costs and hospital procedures in an urology department of a tertiary hospital. Analysis of groups related by their diagnosis. / Costes y procesos hospitalarios en un servicio de urología de un hospital terciario. Análisis de los grupos relacionados por el diagnóstico.

INTRODUCTION: The health care system has management tools available in hospitals that facilitate the assessment of efficiency through the study of costs and management control in order to make a better use of the resources. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was the calculation and analysis of the total cost of a urology department, including ambulatory, hospitalization and surgery activity and the drafting of an income statement where service costs are compared with income earned from the Government fees during 2014. MATERIAL AND METHODS: From the information recorded by the Economic Information System of the Department of Health, ABC and top-down method of cost calculation was applied by process care activity. The cost results obtained were compared with the rates established for ambulatory and hospital production in the Tax Law of the Generalitat Valenciana. The production was structured into outpatient (external and technical consultations) and hospital stays and surgeries (inpatient). RESULTS: A total of 32,510 outpatient consultations, 7,527 techniques, 2,860 interventions and 4,855 hospital stays were made during 2014. The total cost was 7,579,327€; the cost for outpatient consultations was 1,748,145€, 1,229,836 Euros for technical consultations, 2,621,036€ for surgery procedures and 1,980,310€ for hospital admissions. Considered as income the current rates applied in 2014 (a total of 15,035,843€), the difference between income and expenditure was 7,456,516€. CONCLUSIONS: The economic balance was positive with savings over 50% and a mean adjusted hospitalization stay rate (IEMAC) rate of 0.67 (33% better than the standard). CMA had a favorable impact on cost control.

[Redesigning the hospital discharge process]. / Rediseño del proceso de alta hospitalaria.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this article is to show that the redesign and planning process of hospital discharge advances the departure time of the patient from a hospital environment. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Quasi-experimental study conducted from January 2011 to April 2013, in a local hospital. The cases analysed were from medical and surgical nursing units. The process was redesigned to coordinate all the professionals involved in the process. The hospital discharge improvement process improvement was carried out by forming a working group, the analysis of retrospective data, identifying areas for improvement, and its redesign. The dependent variable was the time of patient administrative discharge. The sample was classified as pre-intervention, inter-intervention, and post-intervention, depending on the time point of the study. RESULTS: The final sample included 14,788 patients after applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The mean discharge release time decreased significantly by 50 min between pre-intervention and post-intervention periods. The release time in patients with planned discharge was one hour and 25 min less than in patients with unplanned discharge. CONCLUSIONS: Process redesign is a useful strategy to improve the process of hospital discharge. Besides planning the discharge, it is shown that the patient leaving the hospital before 12 midday is a key factor.

Gestión de calidad en el primer nivel de atención de salud de los adultos mayores. Instituto Nacional de Servicios Sociales para jubilados y pensionados (INSSJP-PAMI). Córdoba, 2013

El efectivo desarrollo de la Estrategia de Atención Primaria en el Primer Nivel de Atención del Instituto Nacional de Servicios Sociales para Jubilados y Pensionados (INSSJP-PAMI), exige correspondencia entre la formulación de políticas sanitarias para el adulto mayor y la implementación de determinados modelos de gestión. Con este propósito se describió el primer nivel de atención sanitaria en el marco del Modelo Médicos de Cabecera vigente según Resolución 284/05, se evaluó Gestión de Calidad así como el grado de desarrollo de la Estrategia de APS y se busco conocer la calidad de las prestaciones que reciben los adultos mayores en el primer nivel de atención desde la perspectiva de los propios usuarios como Sujetos Activos de Derecho. Por ultimo se formularon recomendaciones destinadas a fortalecer la capacidad de gestión de los Médicos de Cabecera del INSSJP-PAMI. Material y Método: Estudio descriptivo, transversal. Análisis de fuentes secundarias. Encuesta semi-estructurada. Muestra probabilística. Se utilizaron para el procesamiento estadístico Info Stat y SPSS...

The actual development of the Strategy of Medical care in the Primary health Care in the primary health care of attention of National Institute of Social Services for the Retired and Pensioned (INSSJP-PAMI), requires correspondence between the formulation of health policies for the elderly and the implementation of specific role models. To this end we escribed the current primary level of medical care in the frame of the family doctors model under the 284/05 resolution, we analyzed the quality of the management as well as the degree of development of the APS Strategy and we searched information about the quality of the assistance provided to the elderly during the primary health care from the user´s point of view as Active Lawful Subjects. Finally, we offer ecommendations meant to the strengthen the capacity of the treatment of the INSSJP-PAMI family doctors. Material and Methods: Descriptive cross-section analysis. Analysis of secondary sources. Semi structured survey. Proof samples. InfoStat and SPSS were used for the processing of statistics...

Aplicación del modelo de gestión por procesos: el caso de la distribución y dispensación de medicamentos en dosis unitaria diaria. Hospital Italiano Monte Buey. Año 201-2013

La distribución y dispensación de medicamentos de uso hospitalarioconstituyen una oportunidad de mejora.Un buen manejo de medicamentos hospitalarios representa unanecesidad para un adecuado y oportuno acceso al paciente que lorequiera.Este trabajo busca realizar un estudio que pueda promover unaadecuada administración en la distribución y dispensación demedicamentos en el ámbito de la farmacia intrahospitalaria delHospital Italiano Monte Buey que permita garantizar la seguridaddel paciente mediante el uso racional y eficiente de los mismosfavoreciendo así la calidad de la atención.El presente estudio se enmarca dentro de la investigación científica,explorativa, descriptiva de corte transversal de naturaleza aplicada.La identificación de los distintos procesos – de gestión - clave y deapoyo, que se integran en la logística de distribución y dispensacióninterna de la Farmacia intrahospitalaria, luego de revisar los distintossistemas de distribución interna con sus ventajas y desventajas, permitenla elaboración del mapa de procesos de la misma con sus correspondientesfichas de proceso y diagrama de flujo.De los resultados obtenidos al analizar el movimiento deampicilina – sulbactam dispensados en el trimestre luego de lapuesta en marcha del sistema de distribución de medicamentos endosis unitaria diaria, se demuestra que se consumieron 91,28% deltotal distribuidos recuperando un 8,71% no utilizados que retornana farmacia, quedando expresado el beneficio del modelos de gestiónpor procesos propuesto con intervención del farmacéutico en lainterpretación del pedido médico, recupero de medicación condisminución del stock y del gasto al no solicitar nuevas compras,todo lo cual impactan en eficiencia y seguridad con eficacia en ladispensación de los medicamentos.

The distribution and dispensation of the medicinal products forhospital use constitute an opportunity for improvement.Good management of hospital drugs represents a need for proper andtimely access to the patient who requires it.This work intends to conduct a study which to promote a properadministration in the distribution and dispensation of medicinalproducts in the hospital pharmacy of Hospital Italiano Monte Buey,that would ensure the safety of the patient through the rational andefficient use of them, favouring the quality of care.This study falls within the scientific, exploratory, descriptive researchof cross section of applied nature.The identification of the various processes – management – keyand support, integrated in the logistic distribution and internalhospital pharmacy dispensation, after reviewing the different systems ofinternal distribution with its advantages, allow the development ofthe process map with its corresponding data sheets of process andflowchart.The results obtained from analyzing the movement of ampicilin –sulbactam dispensed in the quarter after the implementation of thesystem of distribution of drugs in unit dose dayli, is shown that theywere consumed 91,28% of the total distributed recovering 8,71%unused returning to pharmacy, being expressed to the benefit ofthe process management models propored with intervention of thepharmacist in the interpretation of the ordering physician, recoveryof medication with stock and costs decrease by not requesting newpurchases, all which have an impact on efficiency and securityeffectively in the dispensation of drugs.

Centro de Informatica en Salud: una propuesta actual / Computer Center for Health: a proposal today

Se da a conocer una propuesta de modelamiento de un Centro de Informática en Salud de una Institución de Educación Superior privada en Chile. Se discuten las características de un centro de excelencia y se expone el modelo de procesos integrado para la empresa con que se diseña la propuesta de este Centro de Informática en Salud (CIS).

This paper reports the modeling of a Health Informatics Center of Private Higher Educational Institution in Chile. We discuss the characteristics of an excellence center and are disclosed integrated process model for the business that designed the proposal of the Health Informatics Centre (CIS).

Procedimiento de elaboración de mapas de procesos en servicios hospitalarios / Procedure for process mapping of healthcare services

Para responder a las necesidades de un entorno cambiante, se hace necesario modificar el funcionamiento de las organizaciones, o sea, sus procesos. Ya no se piensa en diseños con una estructura ideal e inalterable con el paso de los años, sino permanentemente sometidos a revisiones, en virtud de que cada proceso de por sí es mejorable. En este contexto, las instituciones de salud luchan por incorporar herramientas y modelos de gestión del mundo industrial como: Benchmarking, Gestión por Procesos o Reingeniería e intentan generalizar la revisión de los procesos como una práctica sistemática, rutinaria que a la vez forme parte de la cultura médica. Como base para la mejora, es extendido el uso de los mapas de procesos que, a partir de varios enfoques, permiten la visualización y apreciación de las interrelaciones entre los procesos, subprocesos y actividades para perfeccionar los resultados que los clientes desean. En el presente trabajo se propone un procedimiento para la elaboración de mapas de procesos de servicios de salud, a partir del análisis de un análisis teórico y la evaluación en la práctica social(AU)

As a way to respond to a continually changing environment, it is necesary to analyse the organization's performance, that is its proceses, on a systematic basis. It is no longer possible to think of unchanging structures along the years, therefore it is wise to say any process can be modified by nature. Within this context evolve the increasing need of health care systems to adopt management models and techniques from other productive environments, such is the case of Benchmarking, Business process Reingeniering or Business Process Management; and more generally those systems are attempting to convert the revision of processes a fact of life practice for healthcare culture. The core of this revision is the use of process maps to visualize processes and activities conections so as to improve the results the clients expect. This piece of work proposes a methodology to the use of process maps in healthcare institutions which is based on a research on different maps and approaches available in literature as well as practical aplication in the system selected(AU)