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1.
Rev. cuba. med ; 60(4)dic. 2021.
Article in Spanish | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-1408929

ABSTRACT

Introducción: Las enfermedades cerebrovasculares son un problema de salud mundial. Estas constituyen la tercera causa de muerte, la primera de discapacidad en el adulto y la segunda de demencia en el planeta. Dentro ella, la hemorragia intracerebral espontánea es la segunda causa más común de enfermedad cerebrovascular, y llega a ser la tercera causa de muerte en Cuba. Objetivos: Determinar los principales factores de mal pronóstico que influyen en la evolución de los pacientes con la hemorragia intraparenquimatosa espontánea. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional, transversal de una muestra conformada por pacientes atendidos en el Servicio de Neurología provincial de Camagüey, con diagnóstico de hemorragia cerebral espontánea primaria, confirmada por tomografía axial. Resultados: En esta investigación se detectó el predominio de hombres mayores de 80 años, con afectación de leve a moderada del estado de conciencia, predominaron las lesiones supratentoriales, y pocos casos con evacuación ventricular y sí un elevado porcentaje de hemorragias superiores a los 30 mL, con predominio de hipertensión arterial. Conclusiones: La mortalidad al alta hospitalaria no fue elevada, muy relacionada con la escala ICH(AU)


Introduction: Cerebrovascular diseases are a global health problem. These constitute the third cause of death, the first of disability in adults and the second of dementia on the planet. Within it, spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage is the second most common cause of cerebrovascular disease, and it becomes the third cause of death in Cuba. Objectives: To determine the main factors of poor prognosis that influence the evolution of patients with spontaneous intraparenchymal hemorrhage. Methods: An observational, cross-sectional study was carried out of a sample made up of patients treated at Camagüey provincial Neurology service, with a diagnosis of primary spontaneous cerebral hemorrhage, confirmed by axial tomography. Results: In this research, a predominance of men over 80 years of age was detected, with mild to moderate impairment of the state of consciousness, supratentorial lesions predominated, and few cases with ventricular evacuation and high percentage of hemorrhages greater than 30 cc , with predominance of arterial hypertension. Conclusions: Mortality at hospital discharge was not high, closely related to the ICH score(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Stroke/mortality , Cross-Sectional Studies , Cuba , Observational Study
2.
Rev. neurol. (Ed. impr.) ; 72(9): 333-335, May 1, 2021. ilus
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-227873

ABSTRACT

Introducción: La presencia de aire en estructuras vasculares cerebrales puede condicionar una sintomatología neurológica y una importante morbilidad. Suele producirse como consecuencia de procedimientos terapéuticos invasivos y es muy infrecuente que el desencadenante sea otro. Caso clínico: Mujer de 76 años con antecedente de fibrilación auricular anticoagulada con acenocumarol. Acudió a urgencias por dolor abdominal de inicio brusco, vómitos y diarrea. Tras iniciar tratamiento sintomático y evidenciar analíticamente infradosificación del anticoagulante, presentó bruscamente focalidad neurológica. La tomografía computarizada craneal evidenció una hemorragia intraparenquimatosa aguda. Se trasladó a la paciente a la unidad de ictus del hospital de referencia. En cuestión de unas horas, presentó inestabilidad hemodinámica por shock séptico de causa abdominal. La tomografía computarizada abdominal evidenció extensa neumatosis intestinal y una interrupción al paso de contraste subsidiario de una isquemia mesentérica. Se intentó una trombectomía mecánica para embolizar el trombo a un nivel más distal, pero la paciente falleció. Conclusiones: La isquemia mesentérica puede causar una importante neumatosis intestinal, que, por un mecanismo retrógrado a través del sistema portal, consiga la llegada de burbujas de aire al sistema venoso cerebral, causando un ictus agudo.(AU)


Introduction: The presence of air in vascular structures of the brain can lead to neurological symptoms and significant morbidity. It usually occurs as a consequence of invasive therapeutic procedures and is very rarely triggered by any other cause. Case report: We report the case of a 76-year-old woman with a history of atrial fibrillation anticoagulated with acenocoumarol who visited the Emergency department because of sudden-onset abdominal pain, vomiting and diarrhoea. After starting symptomatic treatment and finding analytical evidence of underdosing of the anticoagulant, she suddenly presented with neurological focus. A cranial computed tomography scan revealed an acute intraparenchymal haemorrhage. The patient was transferred to the stroke unit of the referral hospital. Within a few hours, she developed haemodynamic instability due to a septic shock that had its origin in the abdomen. A computed tomography scan of the abdomen evidenced extensive pneumatosis intestinalis and an obstruction of contrast indicating mesenteric ischaemia. A mechanical thrombectomy was performed in an attempt to embolise the thrombus at a more distal level, but the patient died. Conclusions: Mesenteric ischaemia can cause significant pneumatosis intestinalis, which, by a retrograde mechanism through the portal system, can cause air bubbles to reach the cerebral venous system, leading to acute stroke.(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Aged , Cerebral Hemorrhage , Embolism, Air/etiology , Mesenteric Ischemia/complications , Cerebral Veins , Pneumatosis Cystoides Intestinalis , Shock, Septic , Vascular Diseases , Neurology , Nervous System Diseases , Physical Examination , Symptom Assessment
3.
Gac. méd. boliv ; 40(2): 34-38, dic. 2017. ilus, graf, map, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-892336

ABSTRACT

La trombocitopenia inmune primaria (TIP) es una enfermedad hematológica de causa inmunológica que presenta una plaquetopenia inferior a 100 000 plaquetas/mm3 y tiene una incidencia de 4 casos por cada 100 000 habitantes, siendo más prevalente entre los 2 a 6 años de edad. Esta entidad continúa siendo un desafío con respecto a la terapéutica y puede conllevar a complicaciones graves muy difíciles de resolver una vez establecidas.Se presenta el caso de un lactante menor de sexo masculino que curso con por un cuadro de palidez generalizada con aparición súbita de hematoma en mucosa oral, máculas equimóticas y hemorragias puntiformes en toda la superficie corporal. En los exámenes realizados se evidenciaron trombocitopenia y anemia grave, llegando al diagnóstico de trombocitopenia inmune primaria inicialmente manejada con transfusiones y posteriormente con corticoides. A pesar del manejo, el cuadro evolucionó con complicaciones de hemorragia intraparenquimatosa y declino neurológico.


Primary immune thrombocytopenia (PIT) is a hematological disease of immunological cause that has platelet count less than 100 000 platelets / mm3 and has an incidence of 4 cases per 100 000 inhabitants, being more prevalent between 2 and 6 years of age. This entity remains a challenge with regard to therapeutics and can lead to serious complications that are difficult to resolve once established. We report the case of a young male infant who has a generalized pallor with sudden onset of hematoma in the oral mucosa, equimotic macules and punctate hemorrhages throughout the body surface. In the examinations performed thrombocytopenia and severe anemia were evident, arriving at the diagnoses of idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura initially managed with transfusions and later with corticoids. despite the treatment the case progress whith complications of intraparenchymal hemorrhage accompanied by neurological decline


Subject(s)
Humans , Child, Preschool , Purpura/diagnosis , Glucocorticoids/therapeutic use , Splenectomy
4.
Med Intensiva ; 39(7): 422-32, 2015 Oct.
Article in English, Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25499725

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To analyze mortality and functional outcome in patients with severe spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), and identify the clinical characteristics, radiological findings and therapeutic procedures predictive of mortality in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) and during hospitalization, as well as of poor functional results at 6 months. DESIGN: A prospective, observational study was carried out. SETTING: Neurocritical Care Unit of a university hospital. PATIENTS: Patients diagnosed with ICH were included over a period of 23 months. VARIABLES OF INTEREST: Demographic characteristics, cardiovascular risk factors, regular medication, laboratory test parameters, cranial CT findings, therapeutic procedures and outcome data. INTERVENTION: None. RESULTS: A total of 186 patients with ICH met the inclusion criteria. Surgery to evacuate ICH was performed in 25.8% of the patients. The mortality rate was 46.7%. The modified Rankin score at 6 months was 5 (RI: 4.6). Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed the presence of diabetes, prior anticoagulation, as well as APACHE II severity and the type of bleeding on the cranial CT scan to be predictors of mortality and poor functional outcomes. On the other hand, neurosurgical procedures and intracranial pressure (ICP) monitoring were associated with better outcomes. CONCLUSION: The presence of comorbidities such as diabetes, or previous anticoagulation, as well as the CT findings were associated to poorer outcomes. In contrast, ICP monitoring and early neurosurgery were predictive of longer survival and better functional outcomes.


Subject(s)
Cerebral Hemorrhage/mortality , APACHE , Aged , Blood Glucose/analysis , Brain Damage, Chronic/epidemiology , Brain Damage, Chronic/etiology , Cerebral Hemorrhage/blood , Cerebral Hemorrhage/diagnostic imaging , Cerebral Hemorrhage/surgery , Female , Glasgow Coma Scale , Hemoglobins/analysis , Hospitals, University/statistics & numerical data , Humans , Intensive Care Units/statistics & numerical data , Intracranial Pressure , Male , Middle Aged , Monitoring, Physiologic/statistics & numerical data , Neuroimaging , Neurosurgical Procedures , Prognosis , Proportional Hazards Models , Prospective Studies , Risk Factors , Rupture, Spontaneous , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , Treatment Outcome
5.
Acta méd. colomb ; 37(4): 211-214, oct.-dic. 2012. ilus, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-663693

ABSTRACT

Las intoxicaciones por alcohol metílico son raras, pueden ser secundarias a intentos suicidas, accidentes e incluso a envenenamientos endémicos, tienen consecuencias severas que incluyen la muerte, secundarias a productos de la degradación del alcohol metílico por la alcohol deshidrogenasa, a continuación, presentamos un caso de intoxicación por alcohol metílico que como secuelas presentó alteraciones neurológicas y muerte. (Acta Med Colomb 2012; 37: 211-214).


Methyl alcohol poisoning is rare and may be secondary to suicide attempts, accidents and is also caused by endemic poisonings. It has severe consequences including death secondary to degradation products of methyl alcohol by alcohol dehydrogenase. We present a case of methyl alcohol poisoning that presented neurological alterations and death. (Acta Med Colomb 2012; 37: 211-214).

6.
Enferm. univ ; 9(2): 46-60, abr.-jun. 2012. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS, BDENF - Nursing | ID: lil-706938

ABSTRACT

El presente estudio de caso se realizó en un adulto en estado crítico con diagnóstico médico de Hemorragia Intraparenquimatosa, atendido en un Hospital de Alta especialidad. Se utilizó el Modelo de Virginia Henderson para la valoración de necesidades, y se complementó con la valoración neurológica. La metodología establecida fue con la NANDA en la emisión de diagnósticos y la Clasificación de los Resultados de Enfermería (NOC) y la Clasificación de las Intervenciones de Enfermería (NIC) para la planificación del cuidado. Se utilizó la red de razonamiento clínico para la resolución del caso, según el modelo AREA (Análisis de Resultados del Estado Actual), propuesto por Pesut. El razonamiento clínico permite analizar la relación que existe entre diagnósticos y la influencia que tienen unos con otros, lo que lleva a la enfermera a identificar el diagnóstico prioritario. A partir de lo anterior se desarrolló un plan de cuidados priorizando las necesidades más alteradas y las intervenciones especializadas. La red de razonamiento se representó a través de líneas que conectan a los diagnósticos entre sí, lo que explica cómo y porqué unos diagnósticos influyen en otros. Dentro del perfil del especialista en Enfermería del Adulto en Estado Crítico, el razonamiento clínico es la manera de estructurar el pensamiento crítico, como un proceso que fundamenta los cuidados especializados por medio del conocimiento científico, la toma de decisiones, la prontitud en la manera de pensar, actuar , y la intuición. Herramientas fundamentales de un especialista.


This study case is linked to an adult in critical status being attended in a high-specialty hospital with a medical diagnosis of intraparenchymal hemorrhage. The Virginia Henderson Model was used to address the patient's needs, and this was complemented with the corresponding neurological assessment. The established methodology followed the directives of NANDA for diagnoses, and NOC (Nursing Results) and NIC (Nursing Interventions) for care planning. The clinical reasoning net for case resolution, in agreement with the Pesuts proposed Actual Status Results Analysis model was used. This clinical reasoning allows the analysis of the diagnoses' relationships and thus helps the nurse identify the primary diagnosis-Considering this, a care plan was developed prioritizing the most important needs, and the specialized interventions. The reasoning net was represented through lines connecting the diagnoses clarifying their corresponding inter-influences. Within the profile of the specialist in Critical Status Adult, clinical reasoning is the way to structure specialized care through scientific knowledge, the decision taking process, the opportunity in the form of thinking and acting, and the intuition. All of these are fundamental tools of a specialist.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult
7.
Medisan ; 14(6): 747-753, 20-jul.28-ago. 2010.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-585238

ABSTRACT

Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, transversal y prospectivo en 49 pacientes con hemorragia intraparenquimatosa, ingresados en el Servicio de Enfermedades Cerebrovasculares del Hospital Provincial Docente Saturnino Lora de Santiago de Cuba, desde enero hasta diciembre del 2006, para identificar los factores que inciden en el pronóstico de esta enfermedad. El sexo masculino y el grupo etáreo entre 45 y 54 años predominaron en la serie. La hipertensión arterial y diabetes mellitus constituyeron las principales afecciones que implicaron un mal pronóstico y las complicaciones con mayor mortalidad fueron las bronconeumonías y arritmias respiratorias


A descriptive, prospective and cross-sectional study was carried out in 49 patients with intraparenchymal hemorrhage admitted to the Service of Cerebrovascular Diseases of Saturnino Lora Provincial Teaching Hospital in Santiago de Cuba, from January to December 2006 to identify the factors that impact on the prognosis of this disease. Male sex and the age group between 45 and 54 years prevailed in the series. Hypertension and diabetes mellitus were the main conditions that implied a poor prognosis; and the complications with a higher mortality were bronchopneumonias and respiratory arrhythmias


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Cerebral Hemorrhage , Cerebrovascular Disorders , Diabetes Mellitus , Hypertension/complications , Respiratory Insufficiency/etiology , Risk Factors , Respiratory Sounds/etiology , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Longitudinal Studies , Retrospective Studies
8.
Medisan ; 14(6)jul.-ago. 2010. tab
Article in Spanish | CUMED | ID: cum-47508

ABSTRACT

Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, transversal y prospectivo en 49 pacientes con hemorragia intraparenquimatosa, ingresados en el Servicio de Enfermedades Cerebrovasculares del Hospital Provincial Docente Saturnino Lora de Santiago de Cuba, desde enero hasta diciembre del 2006, para identificar los factores que inciden en el pronóstico de esta enfermedad. El sexo masculino y el grupo etáreo entre 45 y 54 años predominaron en la serie. La hipertensión arterial y diabetes mellitus constituyeron las principales afecciones que implicaron un mal pronóstico y las complicaciones con mayor mortalidad fueron las bronconeumonías y arritmias respiratorias(AU)


A descriptive, prospective and cross-sectional study was carried out in 49 patients with intraparenchymal hemorrhage admitted to the Service of Cerebrovascular Diseases of Saturnino Lora Provincial Teaching Hospital in Santiago de Cuba, from January to December 2006 to identify the factors that impact on the prognosis of this disease. Male sex and the age group between 45 and 54 years prevailed in the series. Hypertension and diabetes mellitus were the main conditions that implied a poor prognosis; and the complications with a higher mortality were bronchopneumonias and respiratory arrhythmias(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Risk Factors , Cerebral Hemorrhage , Hypertension/complications , Diabetes Mellitus , Respiratory Sounds/etiology , Respiratory Insufficiency/etiology , Cerebrovascular Disorders , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Retrospective Studies , Longitudinal Studies
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