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1.
Rev. argent. neurocir ; 34(4): 353-357, dic. 2020. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS, BINACIS | ID: biblio-1150498

ABSTRACT

Introducción: Las hernias de disco torácicas (HDT) representan solo el 0.15-1.8% de las hernias de disco tratadas quirúrgicamente. Se han descrito distintos tipos de abordajes que reportan diferentes índices de éxito y complicaciones. El objetivo es presentar el caso quirúrgico de una HDT resuelta por un abordaje lateral retropleural mínimamente invasivo y exponer las ventajas del mismo. Descripción: Se presenta el caso de una paciente de 29 años, que consultó por dorsalgia y paresia crural izquierda 4/5. La TC y RM mostraron una HDT gigante calcificada T8-9. Bajo monitoreo neurofisiológico y visión microscópica, se realizó un abordaje lateral retropleural izquierdo mínimamente invasivo, con resección parcial de la costilla para luego utilizar un sistema de dilatadores y retractores tubulares. Se confirmó el nivel bajo radioscopía, y se completó con el drilado de la cabeza costal para exponer el espacio y la HDT calcificada de manera precoz. Se realizó la discectomía del fragmento herniado, incluyendo drilado intracanal de la porción calcificada y se completó la descompresión incluyendo la porción posterior de los platillos vertebrales y el pedículo inferior. Parte del fragmento herniado se encontraba íntimamente adherido al saco dural, por lo que creímos conveniente dejar este remanente para evitar complicaciones. La paciente evolucionó favorablemente, recuperando de manera completa el déficit motor y el dolor que motivaron la consulta. Consideramos que no fue necesario realizar ningún tipo de fusión intersomática. Discusión: Los distintos abordajes propuestos tienen sus ventajas y desventajas. El desarrollo de las técnicas mínimamente invasivas sumado a la posibilidad de exponer precozmente la lesión resultan ventajas importantes en estos casos. La necesidad de fusión es un tema controversial, donde la mayoría de los trabajos sugieren que no es mandatoria. Conclusión: el abordaje lateral retropleural mínimamente invasivo es una técnica segura, que permitió una visualización precoz de la HDT sin desplazar el estuche dural y logrando una adecuada descompresión. Además, evita la morbilidad que podría representar la toracotomía transtorácica y la necesidad de fusión


Introduction: Thoracics disc herniations (TDH) represent just 0.15-1.8% of all surgically treated herniated discs. Many approaches had been described with different amount of success and complications. The objective is to present a TDH surgical case using a minimally invasive lateral retropleural approach and describe the advantages of this approach. Case description: we present a 29 years old female who presented with dorsal pain and right leg weakness 4/5. CT and MRi showed a calcified giant TDH T8-9. The surgery was performed under neurophysiological monitoring and using a surgical microscope. A minimally invasive left lateral retropleural approach was performed, with partial resection of a rib. Finally, we used dilators and tubular retractors. After radioscopic confirmation of T8-9, we completed the approach by drilling rib ́s head in order to early expose the spinal canal with the TDH. We resected the herniated fragment of the TDH, drilled the calcified intraspinal canal portion and completed the decompression including the posterior portion of the endplates and the inferior pedicle. The most anterior portion of the TDH was intimately attached to the dural sac, so we decided to leave this remanent in order to avoid complications. The patient had a good postoperative recovery, the leg weakness and pain improved significantly. From our perspective, we consider that no intersomatic fusion was necessary. Discusion: each approach has it advantages and disadvantages. The evolution of minimally invasive techniques together with the early visualization of TDH became important advantages in these cases. The need of fusion remains controversial, and most of the literature suggest that is not mandatory. Conclusión: the minimally invasive lateral retropleural approach is a safe technique that offers an early visualization of the TDH without manipulation of the dural sac and allows an adequate decompression. Furthermore, this approach avoids the morbidity of a transthoracic approach and the requirement of fusion.


Subject(s)
Hernia , General Surgery , Intervertebral Disc Displacement
2.
Rev. argent. neurocir ; 33(3): 120-126, sep. 2019. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS, BINACIS | ID: biblio-1177332

ABSTRACT

Introducción: Existen múltiples técnicas para la descompresión medular en la columna torácica, cada una con sus ventajas y desventajas y con distintos requerimientos de destre-zas quirúrgicas. Se han desarrollado técnicas mínimamente invasiva que disminuyen las tasas de morbilidad, con buenos resultados funcionales. Objetivo: El objetivo del trabajo es describir la técnica quirúrgica y presentar los resulta-dos iniciales en 2 años consecutivos de trabajo. Materiales y métodos: Se evaluaron los pacientes operados en 2017 y 2018 con hernia de disco dorsal tratadas con técnica de abordaje transtorácico mínimamente invasivo. Descri-biendo detalladamente la técnica quirúrgica, la evolución y las complicaciones a corto y mediano plazo. Resultado: Se evaluaron 8 pacientes. El seguimiento promedio fue de 9 meses (3 ­ 26 meses) con una edad promedio de 54 años (28 ­ 66 años). Los motivos de consulta fue-ron en su mayoría dolor dorsal y diferentes grados de compromiso medular (mo-tor/sensitivo). Los niveles fueron distales a T6 y proximales a T12. Todos los pacientes mantuvieron o mejoraron su función neurológica. No se presentaron complicaciones ma-yores. Conclusiones: Si bien se trata de una serie pequeña de casos, son más que suficientes para demostrar que se puede llevar a cabo una técnica novedosa, mínimamente invasiva, utili-zando el separador con visión tubular y el microscopio que aporta luz y magnificación, permitiendo trabajar a cuatro manos cara a cara entre dos cirujanos. Presentando bajas tasas de morbimortalidad y una rápida recuperación.


Introduction: There are multiple techniques for spinal decompression in the thoracic spine, each with its advantages and disadvantages and with different requirements for sur-gical skills. Minimally invasive techniques have been developed that decrease morbidity rates, with good functional results. Objective: The objective of the study is to describe the surgical technique and present initial results in 2 consecutive years of work. Materials and methods: Patients operated in 2017 and 2018 with dorsal disc hernia treat-ed with a minimally invasive transthoracic approach technique were evaluated. Describing in detail the surgical technique and the evolution and complications in the short and medi-um term. Conclusions: Although it is a small series of cases, they are more than enough to demon-strate that a novel, minimally invasive technique can be carried out, using the tubular vi-sion separator and the microscope that provides light and magnification, allowing to work with four hands, face to face between two surgeons. Presenting low rates of morbidity and mortality and rapid recovery.


Subject(s)
Hernia , Spine , Thoracostomy , Decompression
3.
Neurocirugia (Astur) ; 25(2): 62-72, 2014.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24456908

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Thoracoscopic surgery or video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) of the thoracic and lumbar spine has evolved greatly since it appeared less than 20 years ago. It is currently used in a large number of processes and injuries. The aim of this article, in its two parts, is to review the current status of VATS of the thoracic and lumbar spine in its entire spectrum. DEVELOPMENT: After reviewing the current literature, we developed each of the large groups of indications where VATS takes place, one by one. This second part reviews and discusses the management, treatment and specific thoracoscopic technique in thoracic disc herniation, spinal deformities, tumour pathology, infections of the spine and other possible indications for VATS. CONCLUSIONS: Thoracoscopic surgery is in many cases an alternative to conventional open surgery. The transdiaphragmatic approach has made endoscopic treatment of many thoracolumbar junction processes possible, thus widening the spectrum of therapeutic indications. These include the treatment of spinal deformities, spinal tumours, infections and other pathological processes, as well as the reconstruction of injured spinal segments and decompression of the spinal canal if lesion placement is favourable to antero-lateral approach. Good clinical results of thoracoscopic surgery are supported by growing experience reflected in a large number of articles. The degree of complications in thoracoscopic surgery is comparable to open surgery, with benefits in regard to morbidity of the approach and subsequent patient recovery.


Subject(s)
Discitis/surgery , Intervertebral Disc Displacement/surgery , Kyphosis/surgery , Scoliosis/surgery , Spinal Neoplasms/surgery , Spondylitis/surgery , Thoracic Vertebrae/surgery , Thoracoscopy/methods , Decompression, Surgical/methods , Diskectomy/methods , Humans , Patient Positioning , Postoperative Complications/etiology , Postoperative Complications/prevention & control , Spinal Cord Compression/etiology , Spinal Cord Compression/surgery , Sympathectomy/methods , Thoracic Surgery, Video-Assisted/methods , Thoracic Surgery, Video-Assisted/trends , Thoracoscopy/trends , Treatment Outcome , Vertebroplasty/methods
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