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1.
Radiologia (Engl Ed) ; 66(3): 236-247, 2024.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38908885

ABSTRACT

Preoperative localization of parathyroid pathology, generally a parathyroid adenoma, can be difficult in some cases due to the anatomical variants that these glands present. The objective of this review is to analyse the different imaging techniques used for preoperative localization of parathyroid pathology (scintigraphy, ultrasound, CT, MRI and PET). There is great variability between the different tests for the preoperative localization of parathyroid pathology. The importance of knowing the different diagnostic options lies in the need to choose the most suitable test at each moment and for each patient for an adequate management of primary hyperparathyroidism (PHP) with surgical criteria.


Subject(s)
Parathyroid Neoplasms , Humans , Parathyroid Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging , Ultrasonography/methods , Diagnostic Imaging/methods , Hyperparathyroidism, Primary/diagnostic imaging , Parathyroid Glands/diagnostic imaging , Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods , Parathyroid Diseases/diagnostic imaging
3.
Rev. ORL (Salamanca) ; 15(1)25-03-2024. tab, graf
Article in English | IBECS | ID: ibc-231859

ABSTRACT

Introduction: The location of the pathological parathyroid glands in hyperparathyroidism is usually carried out by means of 99mTc-sestamibi scintigraphy, which increases its precision by adding the ultrasound examination. The non-localization of the parathyroid glands increases the difficulties for surgical removal. To increase the detection of pathological glands, other radioactive tracers are used, such as methionine, fluorocholine or 18F-flurpiridaz. Objective: To establish if PET / CT with 18-Fluorocholine in patients with hyperparathyroidism increases the number of uptakes compared to the 99mTc-sestamibi scan. Method: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Two subgroups were analyzed. Subgroup 1: trials comparing both techniques as an initial exploration. Thirteen studies including 1131 examinations were selected (596 PET / CT with 18-Fluorocholine vs. 535 scintigraphy with 99mTc-sestamibi). Meta-analysis was performed following the random effects model and the odds ratio was calculated. Subgroup 2: studies that include 18-Fluorocholine as a rescue examination in patients with a previous negative study with a 99mTc-sestamibi scan. 17 articles including 412 examinations with 359 patients in which there was at least one uptake were selected. Meta-analysis of the prevalence of the number of patients in whom there was at least one uptake was performed using the random effects model. Results: Subgroup 1: The number of patients in which at least one uptake occurs is significantly higher with the 18-Fluorocholine examinations (OR 4.264, 95% CI 2.400-7.577). The prevalence of uptake with 18-Fluorocholine is 0.91 [0.86, 0.95] and with sestamibi 0.68 [0.56, 0.80]. Subgroup 2: the prevalence of uptake among patients with previous negative MIBI studies was 0.90 [0.87, 0.94]. The probability of detection of both techniques in this group reaches 0.98. Publication bias in the meta-analyzes is low. ... (AU)


Introducción: La localización de las glándulas paratiroides patológicas en el hiperparatiroidismo usualmente se realiza mediante gammagrafía con 99mTc-sestamibi que incrementa su precisión al añadir la exploración ecográfica. La no localización de las glándulas paratiroides incrementa las dificultades para la extirpación quirúrgica. Para incrementar la detección de glándulas patológicas se utilizan otros trazadores radiactivos como la metionina, la fluorocolina o el 18F-flurpiridaz.Objetivo: Establecer si el PET/TC con 18-Fluorocolina en pacientes con hiperparatiroidismo incrementa el número captaciones comparada con la gammagrafía con 99mTc-sestamibi.Método: Revisión sistemática y metanálisis. Se analizaron dos subgrupos. Subgrupo 1: ensayos que comparan ambas técnicas como exploración inicial. Se seleccionaron 13 estudios que incluyen 1131 exploraciones (596 PET/TC con 18-Fluorocolina vs. 535 gammagrafía con 99mTc-sestamibi). Se realizó metanálisis siguiendo el modelo de efectos aleatorios y se calculó la odds ratio. Subgrupo 2: estudios que incluyen la 18-Fluorocolina como exploración de rescate en pacientes con estudio previo negativo con gammagrafía con 99mTc-sestamibi. Se seleccionaron 17 artículos que incluyen 412 exploraciones con 359 pacientes en los que al menos hubo una captación. Se realizó metanálisis de la prevalencia del número de pacientes en los que hubo al menos una captación aplicando el modelo de efectos aleatorios.Resultados: Subgrupo 1: El número de pacientes en los que se presenta al menos una captación es significativamente superior con las exploraciones con 18-Fluorocolina (OR 4.264, IC 95% 2.400-7.577). La prevalencia de captaciones con 18-Fluorocolina es de 0.91 [0.86, 0.95] y con sestamibi de 0.68 [0.56, 0.80]. Subgrupo 2: la prevalencia de captaciones entre pacientes con estudios MIBI negativos previos fue de 0.90 [0.87, 0.94]. ... (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Hyperparathyroidism/drug therapy , Radionuclide Imaging , Parathyroid Diseases , Choline
4.
Nutr. hosp ; 40(6): 1236-1245, nov.-dic. 2023. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-228511

ABSTRACT

Introducción: observaciones en líneas celulares sugieren que el uso de cinacalcet podría asociarse con un aumento de grasa corporal y del estado inflamatorio y una alteración del metabolismo lipídico. Sin embargo, al escalar el modelo a nivel clínico se desconoce la ocurrencia de estos efectos. Objetivos: analizar el efecto de la terapia con cinacalcet sobre parámetros antropométricos, inflamatorios y lipídicos en pacientes renales con hiperparatiroidismo secundario (HPT2). Métodos: estudio observacional con dos aproximaciones. El estudio retrospectivo incluyó 89 pacientes que iniciaron tratamiento de cinacalcet desde el año 2018 con un seguimiento máximo de 36 meses. Se analizaron variables de índice de masa corporal (IMC), circunferencia de cintura, pliegue tricipital, paratohormona (PTH) y perfil bioquímico. El estudio prospectivo incluyó 52 pacientes que iniciaron tratamiento con cinacalcet desde el año 2020 con un seguimiento de 12 meses. Se analizaron variables de IMC, PTH, perfil lipídico y proteína C reactiva (PCR). Resultados: en el estudio retrospectivo, el IMC fue de 27 kg/m2, con un 62 % de exceso de peso y un 65 % de los pacientes con riesgo cardiovascular elevado. Cinacalcet redujo la PTH un 12 % luego de seis meses (p < 0,01) y el calcio sérico disminuyó un 3,4 % al final del seguimiento (p = 0,04). En el estudio prospectivo, el IMC fue de 26,8 kg/m2, con un 60 % de exceso de peso. La PTH disminuyó un 8,4 % luego de seis meses. El colesterol total, el colesterol LDL y los triglicéridos disminuyeron en un 6,8 %, 12,5 % y 5,5 %, respectivamente, al finalizar el seguimiento. Conclusiones: el estado nutricional prevalente es el exceso de peso. En pacientes con HPT2 cinacalcet mejora el control de la PTH sin provocar cambios en parámetros antropométricos, lipídicos e inflamatorios. (AU)


Introduction: observations in cell lines suggest that the use of cinacalcet could be associated with increase in body fat, inflammatory state, and alteration in lipid metabolism. However, when scaling the model to the clinical level, the occurrence of these effects is unknown. Objectives: to analyze the effect of cinacalcet therapy on anthropometric, inflammatory and lipid parameters in renal patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT). Methods: observational study with two approaches. The retrospective study included 89 patients who started cinacalcet treatment since 2018 with a maximum follow-up of 36 months. Body mass index (BMI) variables, waist circumference, tricipital skinfold, parathyroid hormone (PTH), and biochemical profile were analyzed. The prospective study included 52 patients who started cinacalcet treatment since 2020 with a 12-month follow-up. BMI, PTH, lipid profile, and PCR variables were analyzed. Results: in the retrospective study, BMI was 27 kg/m2, with 62 % overweight and 65 % of patients with high cardiovascular risk. Cinacalcet reduced PTH by 12 % after six months (p < 0.01) and serum calcium decreased by 3.4 % at the end of follow-up (p = 0.04). According to the prospective study, BMI was 26.8 kg/m2 , with 60 % overweight. PTH decreased by 8.4 % after six months. Total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and triglycerides decreased by 6.8 %, 12.5 %, and 5.5 %, respectively, at the end of follow-up. Conclusions: the prevalent nutritional status is excess weight. In patients with SHPT, cinacalcet improves PTH control without causing changes in anthropometric, lipid, and inflammatory parameters. (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Cinacalcet/adverse effects , Hyperparathyroidism, Secondary/drug therapy , Nutritional Status , Retrospective Studies , Prospective Studies , Cinacalcet/therapeutic use , Nutrition Assessment , Renal Insufficiency, Chronic
5.
Medicina (B.Aires) ; 83(5): 804-807, dic. 2023. graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1534886

ABSTRACT

Abstract Hyperparathyroidism-induced hypercalcemic crisis (HIHC) is an unusual state of marked progressive pri mary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT). Patients have severe hypercalcemia and may have severe symptoms such as kidney failure, acute pancreatitis, and mental changes. PHPT is due to the presence of a single gland adenoma/ disease in 80 to 85%; parathyroid carcinoma is reported in <1%. Among patients with adenoma, atypical parathy roid tumor can be found infrequently. Parathyroidectomy is the only curative approach for PHPT. In this report we present three cases of HIHC due to giant parathyroid adenomas (GPAs), one of them with histopathological characteristics of an atypical parathyroid tumor, with satisfactory evolution after parathyroidectomy.


Resumen La crisis hipercalcémica inducida por hiperparatiroi dismo (HIHC) es un estado inusual de hiperparatiroidis mo primario progresivo y marcado (HPTP). Los pacientes tienen hipercalcemia grave y pueden tener síntomas graves como insuficiencia renal, pancreatitis aguda y cambios mentales. El HPTP se debe a la presencia de un adenoma/enfermedad de una sola glándula en 80 a 85%; el carcinoma de paratiroides se informa en <1%. Entre los pacientes con adenoma, el tumor paratiroideo atípico se puede encontrar con baja frecuencia. La paratiroidec tomía es el único abordaje curativo del HPTP. En este reporte presentamos tres casos de HIHC por adenomas paratiroideos gigantes (APGs), uno de ellos con características histopatológicas de tumor paratiroideo atípico, con evolución satisfactoria luego de paratiroidectomía.

6.
Rev. cir. (Impr.) ; 75(6)dic. 2023.
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1535657

ABSTRACT

Introducción: El síndrome de hueso hambriento (SHH) es una complicación asociada a la realización de una paratiroidectomía, definido por la persistencia de más de 4 días de hipocalcemia (Calcio sérico menor a 8,5 mg/dl) con requerimiento de suplementación de calcio endovenoso. Este es el primer estudio realizado en Colombia, que tiene el objetivo de precisar la prevalencia de SHH en un Hospital de referencia en Latinoamérica. Metodología: Se realizó un estudio de corte transversal retrospectivo, se revisaron los registros de historias clínicas de pacientes con antecedente de hiperparatiroidismo primario, secundario y terciario que requirieron paratiroidectomía parcial o total en el Hospital de San José de Bogotá, entre Enero del 2013 y Diciembre de 2021. Resultados: Se identificaron 247 pacientes con diagnóstico de hiperparatiroidismo, la mayoría de los pacientes (65,1%) fueron hombres, con una edad mediana de 50,9 años (rango de 25 a 71 años). La prevalencia del SHH fue del 11,7%, con una relación mujer-hombre de 1.5:1, no hubo casos de patología maligna. Los niveles de hormona paratiroidea séricos preoperatorios tuvieron una correlación estadísticamente significativa con los niveles de hormona paratiroidea postquirúrgica. Conclusiones: El síndrome de hueso hambriento es una complicación que puede presentarse posterior a la realización de una paratiroidectomía. Este estudio presenta una prevalencia más baja que la descrita en la literatura.


Introduction: The Hungry Bone Syndrome (HBS) is a rare complication associated with parathyroidectomy, defined as hypocalcemia (serum calcium less than 8,5 mg/dl) that persist more than 4 days and requires intravenous calcium supplementation. This is the first study made in Colombia with the objective to determine the prevalence of HBS in a reference hospital in Latin America. Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted; medical records were reviewed from patients with medical history of primary, secondary, and tertiary hyperparathyroidism that require partial or total parathyroidectomy in San Jose Hospital in Bogota, between January 2013 and December 2021. Results: 247 patients were identified with hyperparathyroidism, most patients were males (65.1%), with a mean age of 50.9 years old (range 25-71 years old). The prevalence of HBS was 11.7%, with a ratio women-men 1.5:1, no malignant pathology was described. Preoperative parathyroid hormone levels and postoperative parathyroid hormone levels were statistically significant. Conclusions: The Hungry Bone Syndrome is a complication that can be present after a parathyroidectomy. This study presents a lower prevalence than the literature described.

7.
Medisur ; 21(6)dic. 2023.
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1550566

ABSTRACT

Las neoplasias endocrinas múltiples engloban una serie de síndromes caracterizados por su origen genético y la afectación de una o más glándulas. Se describe el caso de un paciente masculino, de 23 años, con antecedentes de salud de nesidioblastosis diagnosticado a los 16 años de edad, quien acudió al Hospital General Docente Ambato por presentar convulsiones tónico clónicas, e hipoglucemia severa con posterior estatus epiléptico. Los estudios de laboratorio mostraron hiperparatiroidismo primario, y los de imagen identificaron lesiones sugerentes de adenoma paratiroideo e insulinoma de cabeza de páncreas. Después de analizar el caso, se identificaron dos criterios para plantear una neoplasia endocrina múltiple tipo 1: presencia de insulinoma e hiperparatiroidismo primario. Además de tratamiento con bifosfonato, se planificó interconsulta con el servicio de Genética, para estudio del paciente y familiares; y con Cirugía General, para programación de resolución quirúrgica. Debido a la poca frecuencia de esta enfermedad, resulta de interés describir el caso, con el objetivo de exponer las principales manifestaciones clínicas y conducta a seguir. Constituye una prioridad el diagnóstico de su causa en cada paciente.


Multiple endocrine neoplasias encompass a series of syndromes characterized by their genetic origin and the involvement of one or more glands. A 23-years-old male patient with a health history of nesidioblastosis diagnosed at 16 years of age, who attended the Ambato General Teaching Hospital with tonic-clonic seizures and severe hypoglycemia with subsequent epileptic status, is described. Laboratory studies showed primary hyperparathyroidism, and imaging identified lesions suggestive of parathyroid adenoma and insulinoma of the head of the pancreas. After analyzing the case, two criteria were identified to suggest multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1: presence of insulinoma and primary hyperparathyroidism. In addition to treatment with bisphosphonate, consultation with the Genetics service was planned for study of the patient and family members; and with General Surgery, for scheduling surgical resolution. Due to the infrequency of this disease, it is of interest to describe the case, with the aim of exposing the main clinical manifestations and conduct to follow. Diagnosing its cause in each patient is a priority.

8.
Endocrinol Diabetes Nutr (Engl Ed) ; 70(10): 640-648, 2023 Dec.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38000970

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Postparathyroidectomy normocalcemic hyperparathyroidism (PPNCHPPT) is a frequent situation for which we have no information in our country. The objective is to know our prevalence of PPNCHPPT, the associated etiological factors, the predictive markers, the treatment administered and the evolution. PATIENTS AND METHOD: Retrospective observational cross-sectional study on 42 patients. Twelve patients with PPNCHPPT and 30 without PPNCHPPT are compared. RESULTS: HPPTNCPP prevalence: 28.6%. Etiological factors: vitamin D deficiency: 75%; bone remineralization: 16.7%; renal failure: 16.7%; hypercalciruria: 8.3%. No change in the set point of calcium-mediated parathormone (PTH) secretion was observed, but an increase in the preoperative PTH/albumin-corrected calcium (ACC) ratio was observed. Predictive markers: PTH/ACC ratio (AUC 0.947; sensitivity 100%, specificity 78.9%) and PTH (AUC 0.914; sensitivity 100%, specificity 73.7%) one week postparathyroidectomy. EVOLUTION: follow-up 30 ±â€¯16.3 months: 50% normalized PTH and 8.3% had recurrence of hyperparathyroidism. Patients with PPNCHPPT less frequently received preoperative treatment with bisphosphonates and postoperative treatment with calcium salts. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first study in our country that demonstrates a mean prevalence of PPNCHPPT, mainly related to a vitamin D deficiency and a probable resistance to the action of PTH, which can be predicted by the PTH/ACC ratio and PTH a week post-intervention and often evolves normalizing the PTH. We disagree with the etiological effect of hypercalciuria and the change in the PTH/calcemia regulation set point, and we acknowledge the scant treatment administered with calcium salts in the postoperative period.


Subject(s)
Hyperparathyroidism , Parathyroid Neoplasms , Vitamin D Deficiency , Humans , Calcium/therapeutic use , Parathyroidectomy , Parathyroid Hormone , Prevalence , Retrospective Studies , Cross-Sectional Studies , Salts , Hyperparathyroidism/surgery
9.
Rev. clín. esp. (Ed. impr.) ; 223(8): 486-492, oct. 2023. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-225874

ABSTRACT

Antecedentes y objetivo Existen escasos estudios que analicen la hipercalcemia en pacientes hospitalizados. Nuestros objetivos fueron: describir las características clínicas de los pacientes hospitalizados con hipercalcemia, estimar su prevalencia en el medio hospitalario, analizar la tasa de corrección de la hipercalcemia, e identificar variables pronósticas. Materiales y métodos Estudio observacional, longitudinal, retrospectivo y bicéntrico. Se incluyeron pacientes adultos ingresados en dos hospitales de Málaga (2014-2018) con diagnóstico de hipercalcemia. El seguimiento mínimo fue de 2años o hasta el fallecimiento. Resultados Se incluyeron 205 pacientes con hipercalcemia (incidencia: 0,13%). La edad media (DE) fue de 68,2 (13,1) años, con predominio de varones (55,1%). La calcemia mediana (RIC) al ingreso fue de 13,1 (11,8-14,6) mg/dL. Las etiologías más frecuentes fueron: neoplasias (75,1%), hiperparatiroidismo primario y fármacos (ambas, 8,8%). La mediana (RIC) de seguimiento fue de 5,1 (1,7-60,3) semanas. Los tratamientos más usados fueron: fluidoterapia (86,8%), diuréticos de asa (70,9%), bifosfonatos (60,7%) y glucocorticoides (46,2%). La tasa de corrección de la hipercalcemia fue del 65,2%, con una mediana (RIC) de 6 (3-10) días La tasa de mortalidad fue del 81,5%. La mediana (IC95%) de supervivencia fue de 5,1 (3-7,3) semanas. Los factores asociados a una mayor mortalidad fueron: edad avanzada, etiología neoplásica, calcemia al ingreso y no corrección de la hipercalcemia. Conclusiones La hipercalcemia en pacientes hospitalizados se debe principalmente a procesos neoplásicos y se asocia a una elevada mortalidad. Observamos una baja tasa de seguimiento de las recomendaciones para el manejo de la hipercalcemia (AU)


Background and objective There are limited studies analyzing hypercalcemia in hospitalized patients. Our objectives were to describe the clinical characteristics of hospitalized patients with hypercalcemia, estimate its prevalence in the hospital setting, analyze the rate of correction of hypercalcemia, and identify prognostic variables. Materials and methods Observational, longitudinal, retrospective, and bicentric study. Adult patients admitted to two hospitals in Málaga (2014-2018) with a diagnosis of hypercalcemia were included. The minimum follow-up was 2years or until death. Results A total of 205 patients with hypercalcemia were included (incidence: 0.13%). The mean age (SD) was 68.2 (13.1) years, with a predominance of males (55.1%). The median (IQR) serum calcium at admission was 13.1 (11.8-14.6) mg/dL. The most common etiologies were neoplasms (75.1%), primary hyperparathyroidism, and medications (both 8.8%). The median (IQR) follow-up period was 5.1 (1.7-60.3) weeks. The most commonly used treatments were fluid therapy (86.8%), loop diuretics (70.9%), bisphosphonates (60.7%), and glucocorticoids (46.2%). The rate of correction of hypercalcemia was 65.2%, with a median (IQR) of 6 (3-10) days. The mortality rate was 81.5%. The median (95%CI) survival was 5.1 (3-7.3) weeks. Factors associated with higher mortality were advanced age, neoplastic etiology, serum calcium at admission, and failure to correct hypercalcemia. Conclusions Hypercalcemia in hospitalized patients is mainly due to neoplastic processes and is associated with high mortality. We observed a low rate of adherence to recommendations for the management of hypercalcemia (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Aged , Hypercalcemia/epidemiology , Hospitalization/statistics & numerical data , Severity of Illness Index , Follow-Up Studies , Longitudinal Studies , Retrospective Studies , Spain/epidemiology , Incidence
10.
Actual. osteol ; 19(2): 160-166, sept. 2023. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS, UNISALUD, BINACIS | ID: biblio-1525671

ABSTRACT

Introducción: describir el caso de un paciente con pancreatitis aguda secundaria a hipercalcemia por hiperparatiroidismo prImario. Esta es una causa poco frecuente de pancreatitis, asociada a morbimortalidad significativa en caso de no ser diagnosticada oportunamente Caso clínico: un hombre de 44 años, con antecedente de pancreatitis de presunto origen biliar que había requerido previamente colecistectomía, consultó por dolor abdominal y náuseas. Los estudios complementarios fueron compatibles con un nuevo episodio de pancreatitis aguda. Presentaba hipercalcemia y hormona paratiroidea (PTH) elevada, configurando hiperparatiroidismo primario. La gammagrafía informó hallazgos compatibles con adenoma paratiroideo. Se inició tratamiento con reanimación hídrica y analgesia con adecuada disminución de calcio sérico y resolución de dolor abdominal. Después de la paratiroidectomía se logró normalizar los niveles de calcio y PTH. Discusión: la pancreatitis aguda es una condición potencialmente fatal, por lo que la sospecha de causas poco frecuentes como la hipercalcemia debe tenerse en cuenta. El tratamiento de la hipercalcemia por adenoma paratiroideo se basa en reanimación hídrica adecuada y manejo quirúrgico del adenoma, con el fin de evitar recurrencia de pancreatitis y mortalidad. (AU)


Introduction: we describe the case of a patient with acute pancreatitis secondary to hypercalcemia due to primary hyperparathyroidism. This is a rare cause of pancreatitis associated with significant morbidity and mortality if not diagnosed in time. Clinical case: a 44-year-old man with a history of pancreatitis of presumed biliary origin, which had previously required cholecystectomy, consulted for abdominal pain and nausea. The laboratory findings were compatible with a new episode of acute pancreatitis. He presented hypercalcemia and an elevated parathyroid hormone (PTH), configuring primary hyperparathyroidism. Scintigraphy was performed, yielding findings compatible with parathyroid adenoma. Treatment with fluid resuscitation and analgesia was started, resulting in an adequate decrease in serum calcium and resolution of abdominal pain. After parathyroidectomy, calcium and PTH levels were normalized. Discussion: acute pancreatitis is a potentially fatal condition; therefore the suspicion of rare causes, such as hypercalcemia, should be considered. The treatment of hypercalcemia due to parathyroid adenoma is based on adequate fluid resuscitation and surgical management of the adenoma, to avoid recurrence of pancreatitis and death. (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Pancreatitis/etiology , Parathyroid Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging , Hyperparathyroidism, Primary/diagnostic imaging , Hypercalcemia/etiology , Pancreatitis/prevention & control , Parathyroid Neoplasms/surgery , Parathyroid Neoplasms/complications , Radionuclide Imaging , Technetium Tc 99m Sestamibi , Hyperparathyroidism, Primary/complications , Hypercalcemia/blood , Hypercalcemia/therapy
11.
Rev Clin Esp (Barc) ; 223(8): 486-492, 2023 10.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37532015

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: There are limited studies analyzing hypercalcemia in hospitalized patients. Our objectives were to describe the clinical characteristics of hospitalized patients with hypercalcemia, estimate its prevalence in the hospital setting, analyze the rate of correction of hypercalcemia, and identify prognostic variables. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Observational, longitudinal, retrospective, and bicentric study. Adult patients admitted to two hospitals in Málaga (2014-2018) with a diagnosis of hypercalcemia were included. The minimum follow-up was 2 years or until death. RESULTS: A total of 205 patients with hypercalcemia were included (incidence: 0.13%). The mean age (SD) was 68.2 (13.1) years, with a predominance of males (55.1%). The median (IQR) serum calcium at admission was 13.1 (11.8-14.6) mg/dl. The most common etiologies were neoplasms (75.1%), primary hyperparathyroidism, and medications (both 8.8%). The median (IQR) follow-up period was 5.1 (1.7-60.3) weeks. The most commonly used treatments were fluid therapy (86.8%), loop diuretics (70.9%), bisphosphonates (60.7%), and glucocorticoids (46.2%). The rate of correction of hypercalcemia was 65.2%, with a median (IQR) of 6 (3-10) days. The mortality rate was 81.5%. The median (95% CI) survival was 5.1 (3-7.3) weeks. Factors associated with higher mortality were advanced age, neoplastic etiology, serum calcium at admission, and failure to correct hypercalcemia. CONCLUSIONS: Hypercalcemia in hospitalized patients is mainly due to neoplastic processes and is associated with high mortality. We observed a low rate of adherence to recommendations for the management of hypercalcemia.


Subject(s)
Hypercalcemia , Neoplasms , Adult , Male , Humans , Aged , Female , Hypercalcemia/epidemiology , Hypercalcemia/etiology , Hypercalcemia/therapy , Calcium/therapeutic use , Retrospective Studies , Neoplasms/complications , Neoplasms/epidemiology , Prognosis
12.
Cir. Esp. (Ed. impr.) ; 101(8): 530-537, ago. 2023. tab, ilus
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-223778

ABSTRACT

Introducción: La tomografía computarizada en cuatro dimensiones (TC-4D) ofrece buena sensibilidad para localizar la glándula patológica responsable del hiperparatiroidismo primario. El objetivo fue evaluar su rendimiento como estudio de segunda línea tras ausencia de localización o resultado no concordante de los estudios habituales. Material y métodos: Estudio observacional retrospectivo que incluyó todos los pacientes intervenidos por hiperparatiroidismo primario con TC-4D como estudio preoperatorio, del 1 de octubre de 2016 al 1 de octubre de 2021, en un centro hospitalario de tercer nivel. Se compararon los resultados de la TC-4D, la ecografía y las exploraciones de medicina nuclear (gammagrafía, SPECT y SPECT-TC) con el gold standard de la exploración quirúrgica y el resultado anatomopatológico, analizando los porcentajes de lateralización correcta y localización aproximada de la glándula patológica. Resultados: El análisis incluyó 64 pacientes, con una curación del 93,8% (60/64). La TC-4D mostró una lateralización correcta del 57,8% (37/64) y reveló la localización aproximada de la glándula en el 48,4% (31/64). La ecografía tuvo unos porcentajes del 31,1% (19/61) y del 18% (11/61) para la lateralización correcta y la localización aproximada, respectivamente, vs. un 34,9% (22/63) y un 28,6% (18/63) de los estudios de medicina nuclear y un 32,7% (16/49) y un 24,5% (12/49) de la SPECT-TC. Estas diferencias fueron estadísticamente significativas. Conclusiones: La TC-4D ofrece un rendimiento aceptable para localizar las lesiones responsables del hiperparatiroidismo primario, por lo que debería considerarse su uso ante la ausencia de localización en los estudios habituales. (AU)


Introduction: Four-dimensional computerized tomography (4D-CT) offers a good sensitivity for the localization of the pathological gland responsible of primary hyperparathyroidism. The aim was to evaluate its results as a second line preoperative localization test after inconclusive or discordant results of usual preoperative studies. Material and methods: Observational retrospective study that included all patients intervened for primary hyperparathyroidism with 4D-CT scan as preoperative study, from 1st October 2016 to 1st October 2021, in a tertiary referral centre. The results of 4D-CT, cervical ultrasound, and nuclear medicine explorations (scintigraphy, SPECT and SPECT-CT) were compared with the gold standard of the surgical exploration and the pathological result. The correct lateralization and the approximate localization rates of the pathological gland were evaluated. Results: A total of 64 patients were analysed, with a 93,8% (60/64) remission rate. 4D-CT showed a correct lateralization in 57,8% (37/64) of the cases and revealed the approximate localization of the gland in 48,4% (31/64) of the cases. The cervical ultrasound had a rate of 31,1% (19/61) and 18% (11/61) for the correct lateralization and approximate localization, respectively, compared to 34,9% (22/63) and 28,6% (18/63) in nuclear medicine explorations, and 32,7% (16/49) and 24,5% (12/49) in SPECT-CT. These differences were statistically significant. Conclusion: 4D-CT demonstrated acceptable results for the localization of the lesions responsible of primary hyperparathyroidism, thus its use should be considered with the absence of localization in routinely studies. (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Aged , Hyperparathyroidism, Primary/diagnostic imaging , Hyperparathyroidism, Primary/surgery , Retrospective Studies , Four-Dimensional Computed Tomography , Parathyroidectomy , Sensitivity and Specificity
13.
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1535976

ABSTRACT

Introducción: el calcio es el electrolito más abundante del cuerpo humano y la hipercalcemia es el trastorno común causado normalmente por el hiperparatiroidismo primario o malignidad, su manejo depende de la presentación y causa subyacente. Además, una proporción de casos se presentan como una emergencia, lo que conlleva a una mortalidad significativa. Objetivo: mostrar un caso inusual de presentación clínica de hipercalcemia asociada a hiperparatiroidismo primario y, asimismo, dar una breve revisión acerca del enfoque y el manejo de esta patología. Presentación del caso: paciente femenina de 32 años, antecedente de adenoma paratiroideo no resecado y pancreatitis, asiste por tres días de dolor abdominal de tipo cólico y de moderada intensidad, acompañado de episodios eméticos de contenido alimentario, paraclínicos iniciales con hipercalcemia severa, electrocardiograma con bloqueo auriculoventricular grado I, gases arteriales con alcalosis respiratoria aguda e hiperlactatemia. También se le practicó un TAC de abdomen donde este apareció con tumores pardos. Se ingresó a la UCI para la administración de líquidos endovenosos, diuréticos de asa y cinacalcet, pero no presentó mejoría, por lo que se indicó terapia de hemodiálisis. Discusión y conclusión: la hipercalcemia es un hallazgo frecuente. El hiperparatiroidismo primario y la neoplasia maligna son las dos causas más frecuentes de aumento de los niveles de calcio sérico y, en conjunto, representan alrededor del 90 % de todos los casos, donde los valores en suero varían entre el calcio total (8,5 y 10,5 mg/dl) y el iónico (1,16-1,31). La concentración sérica de Ca 2+ está estrechamente relacionada por las acciones de la hormona paratiroidea y el calcitriol, donde el hiperparatiroidismo primario ocurre como resultado de adenomas, hiperplasias y carcinoma. Las manifestaciones clínicas y la severidad van a estar correlacionadas con el tiempo de duración de la enfermedad, los niveles de calcio y de PTH. Dentro del tratamiento, este será guiado por su causa, sin embargo, es posible clasificarlo en tratamiento urgente y no urgente. Además, el enfoque de la hipercalcemia aguda severa es un reto diagnóstico dadas las múltiples causas que pueden llevar a este trastorno hidroelectrolítico y la rápida instauración de tratamiento que se requiere cuando es detectada.


Background: Calcium is the most abundant electrolyte in the human body, hypercalcemia is a common disorder usually caused by primary hyperparathyroidism or malignancy. A proportion of cases presenting as an emergency, leading to significant mortality. The management of hypercalcemia depends on the presentation and underlying cause. Purpose: to present an unusual case of clinical presentation of hypercalcemia associated with primary hyperparathyroidism, as well as to give a brief review about the approach and management of this pathology. Case presentation: A 32-year-old female patient, with a history of unresected parathyroid adenoma and pancreatitis, attended for 3 days of abdominal pain, moderate intensity, accompanied by emetic episodes of food content, initial paraclinical findings showed severe hypercalcemia, electrocardiogram with block grade I atrioventricular, arterial gases with acute respiratory alkalosis and hyperlactatemia. CT of the abdomen with brown tumors. She was admitted to the ICU for administration of intravenous fluids, loop diuretics, and cinacalcet without showing any improvement, so hemodialysis therapy was indicated. Discussion and conclusion: hypercalcemia is a frequent finding. Primary hyperparathyroidism and malignancy are the two most common causes of elevated serum calcium levels, together accounting for about 90 % of all cases. Serum values vary between total calcium 8.5 and 10.5 mg/dl and ionic 1.16- 1.31. Serum Ca 2+ concentration is closely related by the actions of parathyroid hormone and calcitriol. Primary hyperparathyroidism occurs as a result of adenomas, hyperplasias, or carcinoma. The clinical manifestations and severity will be correlated with the duration of the disease, calcium and PTH levels. Within the treatment, this will be guided by its cause, however, it is possible to classify it into urgent and non-urgent treatment. The approach to severe acute hypercalcemia is a diagnostic challenge given the multiple causes that can lead to this hydroelectrolyte disorder and the rapid establishment of treatment that is required when it is detected.

14.
Medicina (B.Aires) ; 83(3): 462-466, ago. 2023. graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1506701

ABSTRACT

Abstract Brown tumors represent the terminal stage of bone remodeling processes in primary hyperparathyroidism. Currently they are rare, and typically affect long bones, pelvis and ribs. Brown tumors may be not included in the initial differential diagnosis of bone disease, espe cially when they are present in atypical localizations. We reported two cases of oral brown tumors as the initial presentation of primary hyperparathyroidism. In the first case, a 44-year-old woman presented a painful and sessile lesion of 4x3 cm over the central body of the mandible which progressively increased in 4-month. The second case involved a 23-year-old woman who was referred with a 3-month history of a painful and ulcerated mass of 2 cm arising from left maxilla, episodes of gingival hemorrhage and difficulty of breathing. Both cases were solitary tumors with no evidence of palpable cervical lymphadenopathy. Incisional biopsy of oral tumors resul ted in giant cell and primary hyperparathyroidism was confirmed by laboratory tests. After parathyroidectomy, histology confirmed adenoma in both cases. Although this type of clinical presentation has almost disappeared in the recent decades, brown tumors should be consi dered in the differential diagnosis of bone oral masses.


Resumen Los tumores pardos son raros y, por lo general, afectan huesos largos, pelvis y costillas. Pueden no estar incluidos en el diagnóstico diferencial inicial como manifestación de enfermedad esquelética, es pecialmente cuando se presentan en localizaciones atípicas. Comunicamos dos casos de tumores pardos orales como presentación inicial de hiperparatiroidismo primario. En el primer caso, una mujer de 44 años presentó una lesión dolorosa y sésil de 4 × 3 cm sobre el cuerpo central de la mandíbula que aumentó de tamaño progresivamente en 4 meses. El segundo caso corresponde a una mujer de 23 años que acudió por presentar una masa dolorosa y ul cerada de 2 cm en maxilar izquierdo de 3 meses de evolución, episodios de hemorragia gingival y difi cultad para respirar. Todos fueron tumores solitarios sin evidencia de linfadenopatía cervical palpable. La biopsia incisional de los tumores orales resultó en células gigantes, y las pruebas de laboratorio confirmaron el hiperparatiroidismo primario. Tras la paratiroidectomía, la histología confirmó adenoma en ambos casos. Los tumores pardos representan la etapa terminal de los procesos de remodelación ósea en el hiperparatiroidismo primario. Aunque este tipo de presentación clínica casi ha desaparecido en las últimas décadas, los tumores pardos deben ser considerados en el diagnóstico diferencial de las masas óseas orales.

15.
Nutr Hosp ; 40(6): 1236-1245, 2023 Dec 14.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37522433

ABSTRACT

Introduction: Introduction: observations in cell lines suggest that the use of cinacalcet could be associated with increase in body fat, inflammatory state, and alteration in lipid metabolism. However, when scaling the model to the clinical level, the occurrence of these effects is unknown. Objectives: to analyze the effect of cinacalcet therapy on anthropometric, inflammatory and lipid parameters in renal patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT). Methods: observational study with two approaches. The retrospective study included 89 patients who started cinacalcet treatment since 2018 with a maximum follow-up of 36 months. Body mass index (BMI) variables, waist circumference, tricipital skinfold, parathyroid hormone (PTH), and biochemical profile were analyzed. The prospective study included 52 patients who started cinacalcet treatment since 2020 with a 12-month follow-up. BMI, PTH, lipid profile, and PCR variables were analyzed. Results: in the retrospective study, BMI was 27 kg/m2, with 62 % overweight and 65 % of patients with high cardiovascular risk. Cinacalcet reduced PTH by 12 % after six months (p < 0.01) and serum calcium decreased by 3.4 % at the end of follow-up (p = 0.04). According to the prospective study, BMI was 26.8 kg/m2, with 60 % overweight. PTH decreased by 8.4 % after six months. Total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and triglycerides decreased by 6.8 %, 12.5 %, and 5.5 %, respectively, at the end of follow-up. Conclusions: the prevalent nutritional status is excess weight. In patients with SHPT, cinacalcet improves PTH control without causing changes in anthropometric, lipid, and inflammatory parameters.


Introducción: Introducción: observaciones en líneas celulares sugieren que el uso de cinacalcet podría asociarse con un aumento de grasa corporal y del estado inflamatorio y una alteración del metabolismo lipídico. Sin embargo, al escalar el modelo a nivel clínico se desconoce la ocurrencia de estos efectos. Objetivos: analizar el efecto de la terapia con cinacalcet sobre parámetros antropométricos, inflamatorios y lipídicos en pacientes renales con hiperparatiroidismo secundario (HPT2). Métodos: estudio observacional con dos aproximaciones. El estudio retrospectivo incluyó 89 pacientes que iniciaron tratamiento de cinacalcet desde el año 2018 con un seguimiento máximo de 36 meses. Se analizaron variables de índice de masa corporal (IMC), circunferencia de cintura, pliegue tricipital, paratohormona (PTH) y perfil bioquímico. El estudio prospectivo incluyó 52 pacientes que iniciaron tratamiento con cinacalcet desde el año 2020 con un seguimiento de 12 meses. Se analizaron variables de IMC, PTH, perfil lipídico y proteína C reactiva (PCR). Resultados: en el estudio retrospectivo, el IMC fue de 27 kg/m2, con un 62 % de exceso de peso y un 65 % de los pacientes con riesgo cardiovascular elevado. Cinacalcet redujo la PTH un 12 % luego de seis meses (p < 0,01) y el calcio sérico disminuyó un 3,4 % al final del seguimiento (p = 0,04). En el estudio prospectivo, el IMC fue de 26,8 kg/m2, con un 60 % de exceso de peso. La PTH disminuyó un 8,4 % luego de seis meses. El colesterol total, el colesterol LDL y los triglicéridos disminuyeron en un 6,8 %, 12,5 % y 5,5 %, respectivamente, al finalizar el seguimiento. Conclusiones: el estado nutricional prevalente es el exceso de peso. En pacientes con HPT2 cinacalcet mejora el control de la PTH sin provocar cambios en parámetros antropométricos, lipídicos e inflamatorios.


Subject(s)
Hyperparathyroidism, Secondary , Kidney Failure, Chronic , Renal Insufficiency, Chronic , Humans , Cinacalcet/therapeutic use , Prospective Studies , Retrospective Studies , Overweight/complications , Calcium , Renal Dialysis/adverse effects , Hyperparathyroidism, Secondary/drug therapy , Hyperparathyroidism, Secondary/etiology , Parathyroid Hormone , Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/complications , Lipids , Kidney Failure, Chronic/complications , Kidney Failure, Chronic/therapy
16.
Endocrinol Diabetes Nutr (Engl Ed) ; 70 Suppl 2: 35-44, 2023 Jun.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37268356

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: Selective parathyroidectomy, the treatment of choice for primary hyperparathyroidism, requires precise preoperative localization. Our purpose was to compare the accuracy and concordance of pre-surgical MIBI parathyroid scintigraphy and ultrasonography, as well as to assess the relevance of hybrid acquisition (SPECT/CT) in compromised circumstances: low-weight or ectopic adenomas, coexisting thyroid disease and re-interventions. METHODS: The study included 223 patients with primary hyperparathyroidism operated in a single Surgical Unit from August 2016 to March 2021. Preoperative ultrasonography and double-phase MIBI were performed with early SPECT/CT acquisition. A minimally invasive surgical approach was initially attempted, except in patients with concomitant thyroid surgery or multiglandular parathyroid disease. RESULTS: Selective parathyroidectomy was accomplished in 179 patients (80.2%); cervicotomy and/or thoracoscopy in 44. Removal of the parathyroid lesion was achieved in 211 patients (94.6%), corresponding 204 (96.7%) to adenomas (37 ectopic). The cure rate was 94.2%. Preoperative MIBI SPECT/CT showed higher sensitivity and accuracy (84%; 80%) compared to ultrasound (72%; 71%), being more precise in defining the exact anatomical location (75.8% vs 68.7%). These differences reached statistical significance in ectopic glands. The existence of concomitant thyroid pathology did not decrease the sensitivity of SPECT/CT (84.2%). Mean parathyroid weight was 692.2mg (95%CI: 443.5-941) in MIBI-negative cases and 1145.9mg (95%CI: 983.6-1308.3) in MIBI-positive (p=0.001). Re-intervention was successful in the 8 patients with previous surgery. CONCLUSION: MIBI SPECT/CT presents greater sensitivity, accuracy and anatomical precision than ultrasound for preoperative parathyroid localization, even in the case of ectopic glands or coexisting thyroid pathology. The weight of the pathological gland is a significantly limiting factor.


Subject(s)
Adenoma , Hyperparathyroidism, Primary , Humans , Hyperparathyroidism, Primary/diagnostic imaging , Hyperparathyroidism, Primary/surgery , Technetium Tc 99m Sestamibi , Parathyroid Glands/diagnostic imaging , Parathyroid Glands/surgery , Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography Computed Tomography , Adenoma/surgery
17.
CuidArte, Enferm ; 17(1): 61-67, jan.-jun. 2023. tab, ilus
Article in Portuguese | BDENF - Nursing | ID: biblio-1511809

ABSTRACT

Introdução: Hiperparatireoidismo caracteriza-se pelo aumento dos níveis de paratormônio no sangue, hormônio produzido pelas glândulas paratireoides e que tem como função estimular a liberação de cálcio para o plasma sanguíneo. A doença pode ser primária ou secundária. Objetivos: Verificar a prevalência das causas do hiperparatireoidismo em pacientes com hiperplasia ou adenoma de paratireoides; correlacionar os achados cintilográficos aos achados cirúrgicos; identificar e analisar a localização das paratireoides mais acometidas, relacionadas ao sexo e a idade; observar a prevalência de exames anatomopatológicos e apresentar a contribuição da utilização do gama probe no ato cirúrgico. Métodos: Estudo observacional transversal retrospectivo, baseado em dados contidos em prontuários. A amostra foi composta por 142 indivíduos de ambos os sexos, que realizaram cintilografia das paratireoides entre 2015 e 2021. Também foram analisadas as características inerentes aos pacientes, assim como os achados cintilográficos e cirúrgicos. Resultados: Do total de 142 pacientes, 43,7% (n=62) apresentaram achados cintilográficos sugestivos de adenoma ou de hiperplasia de paratireoides, sendo que 27 deles foram submetidos à paratireoidectomia. Destes, 74% eram do sexo feminino e 26% do masculino, com média das idades de 56,9 anos (desvio padrão=14,6). As cintilografias estudadas mostraram comprometimento de apenas uma glândula na maioria dos pacientes (88,9%) e duas glândulas em três deles (11,1%). A localização mais frequentemente acometida foi nas glândulas inferiores, sobretudo as inferiores direitas. Sobre a análise anatomopatológica, 36,4% dos casos foram adenoma e 63,6% hiperplasia, não tendo sido observadas grandes diferenças na idade desses dois grupos. Além disso, não houve relação entre localização e sexo com a presença de Adenoma ou Hiperplasia. Por fim, em 78% das cirurgias o dispositivo gama probe foi utilizado no intraoperatório. Conclusão: O hiperparatireoidismo primário ocorre predominantemente em mulheres, entre 50-60 anos, com acometimento mais frequente em apenas uma das glândulas. As etiologias mais observadas são adenomas ou hiperplasias e o detector Gama-Probe é bastante importante no auxílio cirúrgico


Introduction: Hyperparathyroidism is characterized by increased levels of parathyroid hormone in the blood, a hormone produced by the parathyroid glands and whose function is to stimulate the release of calcium into the blood plasma. The disease may be primary or secondary. Objectives: To verify the prevalence of the causes of hyperparathyroidism in patients with hyperplasia or parathyroid adenoma; to correlate scintigraphic findings with surgical findings; to identify and analyze the location of the most affected parathyroids, related to sex and age; to observe the prevalence of anatomopathological examinations and to present the contribution of the use of the Probe gamma in the surgical act. Methods: Retrospective observational cross sectional study based on data contained in medical records. The sample consisted of 142 individuals of both sexes, who underwent parathyroid scintigraphy between 2015 and 2021. The characteristics inherent to the patients were also analyzed, as well as the scintigraphic and surgical findings. Results: Of the 142 patients, 43.7% (n=62) presented scintigraphic findings suggestive of adenoma or hyperplasia of parathyroid glands, and 27 of them were submitted to parathyroidectomy. Of these, 74% were female and 26% male, with a mean age of 56.9 years (standard deviation = 14.6). The scintigraphies studied showed impairment of only one gland in most patients (88.9%) and two glands in three of them (11.1%). The most frequently affected location was in the lower glands, especially the right lower glands. Regarding the anatomopathological analysis, 36.4% of the cases were adenoma and 63.6% hyperplasia, and no significant differences were observed in the age of these two groups. In addition, there was no relationship between location and sex with the presence of adenoma or hyperplasia. Finally, in 78% of the surgeries the gamma Probe device was used intraoperatively. Conclusion: Primary hyperparathyroidism occurs predominantly in women, aged 50-60 years, with more frequent involvement in only one of the glands. The most observed etiologies are adenomas or hyperplasias and the Gamma-Probe detector is very important in surgical aid


Introducción: El hiperparatiroidismo se caracteriza por el aumento de los niveles de hormona paratiroidea en sangre, hormona producida por las glándulas paratiroides y cuya función es estimular la liberación de calcio al plasma sanguíneo. La enfermedad puede ser primaria o secundaria. Objetivos: Verificar la prevalencia de causas de hiperparatiroidismo en pacientes con hiperplasia o adenoma paratiroideo; correlacionar los hallazgos gammagráficos con los hallazgos quirúrgicos; identificar y analizar la ubicación de las paratiroides más afectadas, en relación con el sexo y la edad; observar la prevalencia de los exámenes anatomopatológicos y presentar la contribución del uso de la sonda gamma en el acto quirúrgico. Métodos: Estudio observacional transversal retrospectivo, basado en datos contenidos en historias clínicas. La muestra estuvo conformada por 142 individuos de ambos sexos, a quienes se les realizó gammagrafía de paratiroides entre 2015 y 2021. También se analizaron las características propias de los pacientes, así como los hallazgos gammagráficos y quirúrgicos. Resultados: Del total de 142 pacientes, el 43,7% (n=62) presentó hallazgos gammagráficos sugestivos de adenoma o hiperplasia paratiroidea, y 27 de ellos fueron sometidos a paratiroidectomía. De estos, el 74% eran mujeres y el 26% hombres, con una edad media de 56,9 años (desviación estándar = 14,6). La gammagrafía estudiada mostró afectación de una sola glándula en la mayoría de los pacientes (88,9%) y de dos glándulas en tres de ellos (11,1%). La localización más frecuentemente afectada fueron las glándulas inferiores, especialmente las inferiores derechas. En cuanto al análisis anatomopatológico, el 36,4% de los casos fueron adenoma y el 63,6% hiperplasia, no observándose grandes diferencias en la edad de estos dos grupos. Además, no hubo relación entre la localización y el sexo con la presencia de adenoma o hiperplasia. Finalmente, en el 78% de las cirugías se utilizó intraoperatoriamente el dispositivo de sonda gamma. Conclusión: El hiperparatiroidismo primario se presenta predominantemente en mujeres, con edades entre 50-60 años, siendo más frecuente la afectación de una sola de las glándulas. Las etiologías más observadas son adenomas o hiperplasias y el detector Gamma-Probe es muy importante en la asistencia quirúrgica


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Young Adult , Hyperparathyroidism, Primary/surgery , Hyperparathyroidism, Primary/diagnostic imaging , Radionuclide Imaging , Cross-Sectional Studies , Retrospective Studies , Parathyroidectomy
18.
Nefrologia (Engl Ed) ; 43 Suppl 1: 1-36, 2023 06.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37202281

ABSTRACT

As in 2011, when the Spanish Society of Nephrology (SEN) published the Spanish adaptation to the Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) universal Guideline on Chronic Kidney Disease-Mineral and Bone Disorder (CKD-MBD), this document contains an update and an adaptation of the 2017 KDIGO guidelines to our setting. In this field, as in many other areas of nephrology, it has been impossible to irrefutably answer many questions, which remain pending. However, there is no doubt that the close relationship between the CKD-MBD/cardiovascular disease/morbidity and mortality complex and new randomised clinical trials in some areas and the development of new drugs have yielded significant advances in this field and created the need for this update. We would therefore highlight the slight divergences that we propose in the ideal objectives for biochemical abnormalities in the CKD-MBD complex compared to the KDIGO suggestions (for example, in relation to parathyroid hormone or phosphate), the role of native vitamin D and analogues in the control of secondary hyperparathyroidism and the contribution of new phosphate binders and calcimimetics. Attention should also be drawn to the adoption of important new developments in the diagnosis of bone abnormalities in patients with kidney disease and to the need to be more proactive in treating them. In any event, the current speed at which innovations are taking place, while perhaps slower than we might like, globally drives the need for more frequent updates (for example, through Nefrología al día).


Subject(s)
Bone Diseases, Metabolic , Chronic Kidney Disease-Mineral and Bone Disorder , Nephrology , Renal Insufficiency, Chronic , Humans , Chronic Kidney Disease-Mineral and Bone Disorder/therapy , Chronic Kidney Disease-Mineral and Bone Disorder/complications , Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/complications , Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/therapy , Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/diagnosis , Bone Diseases, Metabolic/drug therapy , Bone Diseases, Metabolic/etiology , Bone Diseases, Metabolic/diagnosis , Minerals/therapeutic use , Phosphates
19.
Nefrología (Madrid) ; 43(2): 197-203, mar.-abr. 2023. tab, graf
Article in English | IBECS | ID: ibc-218128

ABSTRACT

Introduction: There is scarce clinical experience with etelcalcetide in patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism uncontrolled with cinacalcet. The effect of etelcalcetide on serum sclerostin levels remains to be clarified. Materials and methods: Prospective cohort study in prevalent hemodialysis patients with uncontrolled sHPT under cinacalcet for at least 3 months, mean parathyroid hormone (PTH)>800pg/mL and calcium (Ca)>8.3mg/dL. Etelcalcetide 5mg IV/HD was initiated after cinacalcet washout. Levels of PTH, Ca, and phosphorus (Pi) followed monthly for 6 months. Plasma sclerostin levels measured before etelcalcetide treatment and after 6 months. Results: Thirty-four patients were enrolled, 19 (55.9%) male gender. Mean age 60.7 (± 12.3) years; median time on HD 82.5 (7–296) months and median cinacalcet dose was 180mg/week (Interquartile Range: 180–270). Serum Ca, Pi and PTH levels showed a significant reduction after etelcalcetide treatment from 8.8mg/dL, 5.4mg/dL and 1005pg/mL to 8.1mg/dL (p=0.08), 4.9mg/dL (p=0.01) and 702pg/mL (p<0.001), respectively. Median etelcalcetide dose remained at 5mg/HD. Plasma sclerostin concentration increased from 35.66pmol/L (IQR11.94–54.58) to 71.05pmol/L (IQR54.43–84.91) (p<0.0001). Conclusion: Etelcalcetide improved sHPT control in this group of patients, previously under cinacalcet treatment, and significantly increased plasma sclerostin concentration. The impact of etelcalcetide treatment on sclerostin levels is a novel finding. (AU)


Introducción: Existe escasa experiencia clínica sobre el uso de etelcalcetida en pacientes con hiperparatiroidismo secundario no controlado con cinacalcet. Asimismo, el efecto de la etelcalcetida sobre los niveles de esclerostina aún no ha sido aclarado. Materiales y métodos: Realizamos un estudio de cohorte prospectivo en pacientes en hemodiálisis (HD) con hiperparatiroidismo secundario no controlado con cinacalcet durante al menos 3 meses, hormona paratiroidea media> 800 pg/ml y calcio (Ca)> 8,3mg/dl. Tras un periodo de lavado, se inició administración intravenosa de etelcalcetida 5mg/HD y se realizó un seguimiento mensual de los niveles de hormona paratiroidea, Ca y fósforo (Pi) durante 6 meses. Además, los niveles de esclerostina plasmática fueron medidos antes del tratamiento con etelcalcetida y después de 6 meses. Resultados: Se incluyeron 34 pacientes, 19 (55,9%) de sexo masculino. Edad media 60,7±12,3 años; la mediana de tiempo en HD fue 82,5 (7-296) meses y la mediana de la dosis de cinacalcet fue de 180mg/semana (rango intercuartílico 180-270). Los niveles séricos de Ca, Pi y hormona paratiroidea mostraron una reducción significativa después del tratamiento con etelcalcetida desde 8,8mg/dl, 5,4mg/dl y 1005 pg/ml hasta 8,1mg/dl (p=0,08), 4,9mg/dl (p=0,01) y 702 pg/mL (p<0,001) respectivamente. La dosis media de etelcalcetida se mantuvo en 5mg/HD. La concentración de esclerostina plasmática aumentó de 35,66pmol/L (rango intercuartílico 11,94-54,58) a 71,05pmol/L (rango intercuartílico 54,43-84,91; p <0,0001). Conclusión: En este grupo de pacientes previamente en tratamiento con cinacalcet, la etelcalcetida mejoró el control de hiperparatiroidismo secundario y resultó en un aumento de la concentración plasmática de esclerostina. El efecto del tratamiento con etelcalcetida sobre los niveles de esclerostina es un hallazgo novedoso. (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Aged , Hyperparathyroidism, Secondary/drug therapy , Hyperparathyroidism, Secondary/epidemiology , Peptides , Cohort Studies , Prospective Studies , Portugal , Renal Dialysis
20.
Cir. Esp. (Ed. impr.) ; 101(3): 152-159, mar. 2023. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-216901

ABSTRACT

La paratiroidectomía mínimamente invasiva, de elección en la mayoría de casos de hiperparatiroidismo primario, muestra una elevada tasa de detección, fundamentada en una precisa localización preoperatoria mediante gammagrafía con MIBI (SPECT/TC) y ecografía cervical. La paratiroidectomía mínimamente invasiva radioguiada es una técnica aún más efectiva, acorta los tiempos quirúrgicos y mantiene una mínima incisión y escasas complicaciones; permite además la comprobación inmediata de la exéresis de la lesión paratiroidea y es especialmente interesante en pacientes con adenomas ectópicos o antecedentes quirúrgicos cervicales. En el presente trabajo se exponen las indicaciones, los protocolos y las diferencias entre los dos procedimientos disponibles de cirugía radioguiada mínimamente invasiva de paratiroides (MIBI y ROLL). (AU)


Minimally invasive parathyroidectomy, of choice in most cases of primary hyperparathyroidism, shows a high detection rate, based on precise preoperative localization by MIBI scintigraphy (SPECT/CT) and neck ultrasound. Radio-guided minimally invasive parathyroidectomy is an even more effective technique, which shortens surgical times, maintains minimal incision and few complications, allows immediate verification of parathyroid adenoma removal and is especially interesting in patients with ectopic lesions or cervical surgical history. In this paper, the indications, protocols and differences between the two available radio-guided parathyroid surgery procedures (MIBI and ROLL) are exposed. (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Hyperparathyroidism, Primary/surgery , Parathyroidectomy , Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon
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