Complications after cerebrospinal fluid collection in dogs with brain neoplasm / Complicações após colheita do líquido cerebroespinhal em cães com neoplasma encefálico

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) collection in dogs with brain neoplasms (BN) may be associated with complications owing to increased intracranial pressure caused by expansive lesions. Although this procedure has been performed in dogs with BN, no data regarding complications after CSF tap in these animals is available. Thus, this retrospective study aimed to identify the rate and types of complications observed after CSF taps in dogs with BN. Thirty dogs with BN were included in the study. In 83% (25/30) of the cases, clinical recovery after CSF tap was considered normal, and in 17% (5/30) the recovery was abnormal. The main clinical and neurological signs observed in dogs with abnormal clinical recovery were apnea (5/5), absence of pupillary photomotor reflex (3/5), coma (2/5), and stupor (1/5). In 40% (2/5) of the dogs, herniation of the cerebellum through the foramen magnum was observed on necropsy. In conclusion, the rate of complications after CSF taps was 17%, and was characterized by apnea, absent pupillary photomotor reflex, altered level of consciousness, and encephalic herniation.

A colheita do líquido cerebroespinhal (LCE) em cães com neoplasmas encefálicos (NE) pode estar associada a complicações devido ao aumento da pressão intracraniana (PIC), causada pela lesão expansiva. Embora o procedimento seja realizado em cães com NE, não foram encontrados dados referentes às complicações após colheita de LCE nesses pacientes. Sendo assim, o objetivo do presente estudo retrospectivo foi identificar a taxa, bem como os tipos de complicações observadas após a colheita de LCE em cães com neoplasma encefálico. Dos 30 cães com NE incluídos no estudo, em 83% (25/30) dos casos a evolução clínica após a colheita do LCE foi considerada normal e, em 17% (5/30) anormal. Os principais sinais clínicos e neurológicos observados nos cães com evolução clínica anormal foram apneia (5/5), reflexo fotomotor pupilar ausente (3/5), coma (2/5) e estupor (1/5). Em 40% (2/5) foi observado herniação do cerebelo na necropsia. Com base nos resultados encontrados, conclui-se que a taxa de complicações após a colheita de LCE foi baixa (17%) e as alterações encontradas foram apneia, seguido de reflexo fotomotor pupilar ausente, alteração no nível de consciência e herniação encefálica.

Meningomielite eosinofílica provavelmente associada à toxoplasmose em um gato / Eosinophilic meningomyelitis probably associated with toxoplasmosis in a cat

Background: The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of healthy cats presents up to 5 cells/µL, with predominance of mononuclear cells and the presence of more than 1% eosinophils is rare and should always be considered an abnormal finding. There is no consensus on the term eosinophilic pleocytosis, as it is used to indicate the presence of more than 10 eosinophils/µL or more than 10% of the total leukocytes. The increase in eosinophils in the CSF may result from infectious, inflammatory, neoplastic and idiopathic diseases. The objective of this paper is to report a case of marked pleocytosis in CSF, with 84% eosinophils, probably due to toxoplasmosis, in a cat with paraparesis and diffuse spinal pain. Case: A mixed breed female cat, neutered, adult and domiciled in a rural area was presented due to gait abnormalities in the pelvic limbs that started one day before presentation. The general physical examination was unremarkable. On neurological examination it was observed asymmetric deficit of postural reactions in pelvic limbs, patellar reflex normal to increased and pain elicited on palpation of the thoracic and lumbar spine. Based on these findings, the neurological syndrome was classified as thoracolumbar, but with diffuse pain, and the main differential diagnoses were inflammatory/ infectious and neoplastic diseases. The leukogram showed eosinophilia and the serum biochemistry showed no significant changes. Serological assays for feline immunodeficiency virus and feline leukemia virus were negative. Analysis of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) identified marked pleocytosis with 84% eosinophils and increase in protein concentration. Myelography showed no compressive or expansive changes. Fungal culture for CSF cryptococcosis was negative. Serum immunofluorescence antibody titer for Toxoplasma gondii (IgG) was 1:256. There was a marked improvement after treatment with sulfametoxazole/trimethoprim and pyrimethamine and after 3 weeks of treatment, there was almost complete recovery of neurological signs and after 9 months the cat was neurologically normal. Discussion: The most common causes of acute-onset thoracolumbar spinal cord syndrome in cats, with diffuse pain on spinal palpation, are meningomyelitis of inflammatory/infectious origin, such as feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) and neoplasms such as lymphoma. Other meningomyelitis of inflammatory origin, such as infectious and immune-mediated meningomyelitis of unknown origin are considered uncommon in cats. Although the clinical, systemic and neurological signs of FIP and toxoplasmosis may have similarities, in the present case FIP was not considered responsible for the observed signs, as the evolution of the case and the analysis of the CSF tend to be different. The peripheral eosinophilia, the cytological analysis of the CSF, characterized by marked eosinophilic pleocytosis, associated with a positive titer for toxoplasmosis, good response to treatment and improvement in the neurological condition, with survival for more than 9 months after treatment, rules out the possibility of FIP. Neurological signs observed in the absence of systemic signs are more common in cases of protozoan reactivation, which probably occurred in the present case. The possibility of toxoplasmosis in the patient in this report was reinforced by the fact that the animal came from a rural area. Eosinophilia of CSF is most commonly associated with parasitic infections, although it can be caused by a variety of infectious agents, but in the cat of the present report, the marked eosinophilic pleocytosis was likely due to toxoplasmosis, which is a rare occurrence in this specie. In conclusion, toxoplasmosis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of focal spinal cord lesions in cats. The identification of laboratory findings as well as the appropriate therapy favored the good evolution of the condition.

Análise do líquido cérebro-espinhal em cães e gatos com afecções neurológicas / Cerebrospinal fluid analysis in dogs and cats with neurological diseases

Background: Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis is of great importance for evaluation of patients with central nervoussystem problems, because it helps to confirm or exclude many diseases when evaluated together with other relevant clinical and ancillary laboratory tests. As there are few studies in Brazil describing results of CSF analysis in dogs and cats,the objective of the present study was to evaluate results of CSF analysis in a period of ten years, grouping the changesobserved, mainly total and differential cell count and total protein concentration, according to the following etiologicalcategories of diseases: inflammatory, degenerative, traumatic, neoplastic and vascular disorders.Materials, Methods & Results: Medical records of dogs and cats with neurological diseases that had CSF collected andanalyzed at a Veterinary Teaching Hospital between 2008 and 2017 were retrospectively reviewed. Patient data includedbreed, sex, body weight, age at presentation, findings of clinical and neurological examination, results of CSF analysis,diagnostic imaging and other laboratory tests results including PCR and serologies for infectious diseases. A total of 245CSF exams were studied (240 dogs and five cats). The established normal range for protein concentration was less than25 mg/dL for cisternal collection and less than 45 mg/dL for lumbar puncture. Total nucleated cell count was considerednormal when less than 5 cells/µL, with a predominance of mononuclear cells. Both pleocytosis and increased concentrationof the protein level were classified as discrete, moderate and marked, and the pleocytosis was further classified as mononuclear, neutrophilic and mixed cell pleocytosis. The information obtained was analyzed in relation to the neurologicalsyndromes and etiological categories of neurological...(AU)

Análise do líquido cérebro-espinhal em cães e gatos com afecções neurológicas / Cerebrospinal fluid analysis in dogs and cats with neurological diseases

Background: Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis is of great importance for evaluation of patients with central nervoussystem problems, because it helps to confirm or exclude many diseases when evaluated together with other relevant clinical and ancillary laboratory tests. As there are few studies in Brazil describing results of CSF analysis in dogs and cats,the objective of the present study was to evaluate results of CSF analysis in a period of ten years, grouping the changesobserved, mainly total and differential cell count and total protein concentration, according to the following etiologicalcategories of diseases: inflammatory, degenerative, traumatic, neoplastic and vascular disorders.Materials, Methods & Results: Medical records of dogs and cats with neurological diseases that had CSF collected andanalyzed at a Veterinary Teaching Hospital between 2008 and 2017 were retrospectively reviewed. Patient data includedbreed, sex, body weight, age at presentation, findings of clinical and neurological examination, results of CSF analysis,diagnostic imaging and other laboratory tests results including PCR and serologies for infectious diseases. A total of 245CSF exams were studied (240 dogs and five cats). The established normal range for protein concentration was less than25 mg/dL for cisternal collection and less than 45 mg/dL for lumbar puncture. Total nucleated cell count was considerednormal when less than 5 cells/µL, with a predominance of mononuclear cells. Both pleocytosis and increased concentrationof the protein level were classified as discrete, moderate and marked, and the pleocytosis was further classified as mononuclear, neutrophilic and mixed cell pleocytosis. The information obtained was analyzed in relation to the neurologicalsyndromes and etiological categories of neurological...

Análise do líquido cérebro-espinhal de três doenças do sistema nervoso central de cães / Analysis of cerebral-spinal fluid of three central nervous system diseases of dogs

Foi realizado um estudo retrospectivo do líquido cérebro-espinhal de cães (LCE), atendidos pelo Serviço de Neurologia do Hospital Veterinário da Instituição, de 2004 a 2015, com o objetivo de analisar os resultados de cães com sinais neurológicos, comparar as alterações encontradas em dois locais de colheita no mesmo paciente e verificar se esse exame auxiliou o clínico em reforçar a suspeita clínica das principais doenças do sistema nervoso central. A pleocitose linfocítica esteve presente em 78,3% (29/37) das amostras de cães com cinomose e em 23,2% (10/43) de cães com DDIV. Houve dissociação albuminocitológica (DAC) em 73% (19/26) das amostras de cães com tumores IC e em 64,3% (9/14) de cães com tumores envolvendo a ME. Em cães com DDIV, houve significância estatística (p<0,05) entre o grau de disfunção neurológica e o total de células nucleadas (TCN) e total de proteínas (TP). Em 29 cães, houve a colheita do LCE da cisterna magna e da cisterna lombar e em 12 (41,4%) os resultados foram diferentes entre as duas amostras colhidas do mesmo cão, onde dois (6,9%) apresentaram alteração na amostra colhida cranial à lesão. Pode-se concluir que a pleocitose linfocítica foi a principal alteração encontrada no LCE de cães com cinomose e DDIV e DAC nas neoplasias, IC e ME, cães acometidos pela DDIV apresentaram sinais neurológicos mais severos conforme o TCN e o TP aumentaram e o LCE sofreu alteração, mesmo colhido cranial ao local da lesão e auxiliou o clínico em reforçar a suspeita clínica, mas não confirmou, as principais doenças neurológicas em cães.(AU)

A retrospective study including the analysis of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of dogs neurologically affected was conducted by the Neurology Service of the Veterinary Hospital at the Institution, between 2004 and 2015. The aim of this study was to analyze the results of the CSF of dogs with neurological signs, and compare the changes in the CSF in two sampling sites in the same patient and see if this test helped the clinician to strengthen clinical suspicion of the major diseases of the central nervous system. Lymphocytic pleocytosis was present in 78.3% (29/37) of samples from dogs with distemper and in 23.2% (10/43) of samples from dogs with IVDD. The albumin cytologic dissociation (ACD) was found in 73% (19/26) of samples from dogs with IC tumors and in 64.3% (9/14) from dogs with tumors involving the SC. For dogs with IVDD, there was statistical significance (p<0.05) between the degree of neurological dysfunction and the total nucleated cells (TNC) and total protein (TP). In 29 dogs, CSF was collected from the cistern magna and the lumbar and in 12 (41.4%) the results were different between the samples of the same dog, where two cases (6,9%) showed alterations in the sample collected cranial to the injury. It can be concluded that the lymphocytic pleocytosis was the main alteration found in the CSF of dogs with distemper and IVDD and ACD in tumors. Dogs affected by IVDD had more severe neurological signs as TNC and TP increased and the CSF was altered even collected cranial to the lesion site and helped the clinician to strengthen the clinical suspicion, but not confirm, the major neurological diseases in dogs.(AU)

Análise do líquido cérebro-espinhal de três doenças do sistema nervoso central de cães / Analysis of cerebral-spinal fluid of three central nervous system diseases of dogs

Foi realizado um estudo retrospectivo do líquido cérebro-espinhal de cães (LCE), atendidos pelo Serviço de Neurologia do Hospital Veterinário da Instituição, de 2004 a 2015, com o objetivo de analisar os resultados de cães com sinais neurológicos, comparar as alterações encontradas em dois locais de colheita no mesmo paciente e verificar se esse exame auxiliou o clínico em reforçar a suspeita clínica das principais doenças do sistema nervoso central. A pleocitose linfocítica esteve presente em 78,3% (29/37) das amostras de cães com cinomose e em 23,2% (10/43) de cães com DDIV. Houve dissociação albuminocitológica (DAC) em 73% (19/26) das amostras de cães com tumores IC e em 64,3% (9/14) de cães com tumores envolvendo a ME. Em cães com DDIV, houve significância estatística (p<0,05) entre o grau de disfunção neurológica e o total de células nucleadas (TCN) e total de proteínas (TP). Em 29 cães, houve a colheita do LCE da cisterna magna e da cisterna lombar e em 12 (41,4%) os resultados foram diferentes entre as duas amostras colhidas do mesmo cão, onde dois (6,9%) apresentaram alteração na amostra colhida cranial à lesão. Pode-se concluir que a pleocitose linfocítica foi a principal alteração encontrada no LCE de cães com cinomose e DDIV e DAC nas neoplasias, IC e ME, cães acometidos pela DDIV apresentaram sinais neurológicos mais severos conforme o TCN e o TP aumentaram e o LCE sofreu alteração, mesmo colhido cranial ao local da lesão e auxiliou o clínico em reforçar a suspeita clínica, mas não confirmou, as principais doenças neurológicas em cães.(AU)

A retrospective study including the analysis of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of dogs neurologically affected was conducted by the Neurology Service of the Veterinary Hospital at the Institution, between 2004 and 2015. The aim of this study was to analyze the results of the CSF of dogs with neurological signs, and compare the changes in the CSF in two sampling sites in the same patient and see if this test helped the clinician to strengthen clinical suspicion of the major diseases of the central nervous system. Lymphocytic pleocytosis was present in 78.3% (29/37) of samples from dogs with distemper and in 23.2% (10/43) of samples from dogs with IVDD. The albumin cytologic dissociation (ACD) was found in 73% (19/26) of samples from dogs with IC tumors and in 64.3% (9/14) from dogs with tumors involving the SC. For dogs with IVDD, there was statistical significance (p<0.05) between the degree of neurological dysfunction and the total nucleated cells (TNC) and total protein (TP). In 29 dogs, CSF was collected from the cistern magna and the lumbar and in 12 (41.4%) the results were different between the samples of the same dog, where two cases (6,9%) showed alterations in the sample collected cranial to the injury. It can be concluded that the lymphocytic pleocytosis was the main alteration found in the CSF of dogs with distemper and IVDD and ACD in tumors. Dogs affected by IVDD had more severe neurological signs as TNC and TP increased and the CSF was altered even collected cranial to the lesion site and helped the clinician to strengthen the clinical suspicion, but not confirm, the major neurological diseases in dogs.(AU)

Acute phase proteins in serum and cerebrospinal fluid in healthy cattle: possible use for assessment of neurological diseases / Proteínas de fase aguda no soro e no líquido cefalorraquidiano de bovinos hígidos: possíveis usos na avaliação de doenças neurológicas

Use of acute-phase proteins (APPs) for assessment of health and disease in animals has increased greatly within the last decade. The objective was to determine the normal concentration of APPs in the serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of healthy cattle by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Fifty crossbred animals (350±70kg of BW and 18±1.2 months of age), 25 heifers and 25 steers were used. CSF samples were collected from atlanto-occipital (AO) site and blood samples were obtained from the jugular vein. CSF and serum protein electrophoresis were performed by means of sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Thirty-seven proteins with molecular weights ranging from 7 and 37kDa were identified in CSF of all animals. These eight were nominally identified with immunoglobulin A and G, celuloplasmin, transferrin, albumin, α1-antitripsin, acidic glycoprotein, and haptoglobin. All protein fractions in CSF did not differ between heifers and steers. In sera, 34 proteins with molecular weights between 7 and 244kDa were identified in heifers and steers. Similar proteins were nominally identified in the sera, but only the CSF presented α1-antitripsin. The serum values of acidic glycoprotein and immunoglobulin G were significantly higher in steers compared with heifers. In conclusion, measurement of CSF acute phase protein concentrations can be useful in diagnosing and monitoring the progression of bovine neurological diseases, perhaps even to guide therapeutic procedures. The CSF electrophoretic profile of healthy cattle does not change depending on gender.(AU)

O uso de proteínas de fase aguda (PFAs) para a avaliação da saúde e da doença em animais de produção tem aumentado consideravelmente na última década. O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar a concentração normal de PAFs no soro e no líquido cefalorraquidiano (LCR) de bovinos sadios por meio da eletroforese em gel de poliacrilamida. Foram avaliados cinquenta animais mestiços (350±70kg de PV e 18±1,2 meses de idade), 25 novilhas e 25 novilhos. As amostras de LCR foram colhidas no espaço atlanto-occipital (AO) e as amostras de sangue obtidas da veia jugular. As PAFs do soro e do LCR foram determinadas através da eletroforese em gel poliacrilamida. Trinta e sete proteínas com pesos moleculares que variaram entre 7 e 37kDa foram identificadas no LCR de todos os animais, independente do sexo. Estas oito proteínas foram nominalmente identificadas como imunoglobulina A e G, ceruloplasmina, transferrina, albumina, α1-antitripsina, glicoproteína ácida, e haptoglobina. As frações de proteínas presentes no LCR não diferiram entre novilhas e novilhos. No soro de machos e fêmeas, 34 proteínas com pesos moleculares entre 7 e 244 kDa foram identificadas. As proteínas do soro foram similarmente identificadas, entretanto a α1-antitripsina foi identificada somente no LCR. Os valores séricos de glicoproteína ácida e imunoglobulina G foram significativamente mais elevados nas novilhas em comparação aos novilhos. Em conclusão, a determinação das concentrações de proteínas de fase aguda presentes do LCR pode ser útil no diagnóstico e monitoramento da progressão de doenças neurológicas bovinas, talvez possa ainda direcionar procedimentos terapêuticos. O perfil eletroforético do LCR de bovinos hígidos não se altera em função do sexo.(AU)

Acute phase proteins in serum and cerebrospinal fluid in healthy cattle: possible use for assessment of neurological diseases / Proteínas de fase aguda no soro e no líquido cefalorraquidiano de bovinos hígidos: possíveis usos na avaliação de doenças neurológicas

Use of acute-phase proteins (APPs) for assessment of health and disease in animals has increased greatly within the last decade. The objective was to determine the normal concentration of APPs in the serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of healthy cattle by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Fifty crossbred animals (350±70kg of BW and 18±1.2 months of age), 25 heifers and 25 steers were used. CSF samples were collected from atlanto-occipital (AO) site and blood samples were obtained from the jugular vein. CSF and serum protein electrophoresis were performed by means of sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Thirty-seven proteins with molecular weights ranging from 7 and 37kDa were identified in CSF of all animals. These eight were nominally identified with immunoglobulin A and G, celuloplasmin, transferrin, albumin, α1-antitripsin, acidic glycoprotein, and haptoglobin. All protein fractions in CSF did not differ between heifers and steers. In sera, 34 proteins with molecular weights between 7 and 244kDa were identified in heifers and steers. Similar proteins were nominally identified in the sera, but only the CSF presented α1-antitripsin. The serum values of acidic glycoprotein and immunoglobulin G were significantly higher in steers compared with heifers. In conclusion, measurement of CSF acute phase protein concentrations can be useful in diagnosing and monitoring the progression of bovine neurological diseases, perhaps even to guide therapeutic procedures. The CSF electrophoretic profile of healthy cattle does not change depending on gender.(AU)

O uso de proteínas de fase aguda (PFAs) para a avaliação da saúde e da doença em animais de produção tem aumentado consideravelmente na última década. O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar a concentração normal de PAFs no soro e no líquido cefalorraquidiano (LCR) de bovinos sadios por meio da eletroforese em gel de poliacrilamida. Foram avaliados cinquenta animais mestiços (350±70kg de PV e 18±1,2 meses de idade), 25 novilhas e 25 novilhos. As amostras de LCR foram colhidas no espaço atlanto-occipital (AO) e as amostras de sangue obtidas da veia jugular. As PAFs do soro e do LCR foram determinadas através da eletroforese em gel poliacrilamida. Trinta e sete proteínas com pesos moleculares que variaram entre 7 e 37kDa foram identificadas no LCR de todos os animais, independente do sexo. Estas oito proteínas foram nominalmente identificadas como imunoglobulina A e G, ceruloplasmina, transferrina, albumina, α1-antitripsina, glicoproteína ácida, e haptoglobina. As frações de proteínas presentes no LCR não diferiram entre novilhas e novilhos. No soro de machos e fêmeas, 34 proteínas com pesos moleculares entre 7 e 244 kDa foram identificadas. As proteínas do soro foram similarmente identificadas, entretanto a α1-antitripsina foi identificada somente no LCR. Os valores séricos de glicoproteína ácida e imunoglobulina G foram significativamente mais elevados nas novilhas em comparação aos novilhos. Em conclusão, a determinação das concentrações de proteínas de fase aguda presentes do LCR pode ser útil no diagnóstico e monitoramento da progressão de doenças neurológicas bovinas, talvez possa ainda direcionar procedimentos terapêuticos. O perfil eletroforético do LCR de bovinos hígidos não se altera em função do sexo.(AU)

Acute phase proteins in serum and cerebrospinal fluid in healthy cattle: possible use for assessment of neurological diseases

ABSTRACT: Use of acute-phase proteins (APPs) for assessment of health and disease in animals has increased greatly within the last decade. The objective was to determine the normal concentration of APPs in the serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of healthy cattle by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Fifty crossbred animals (350±70kg of BW and 18±1.2 months of age), 25 heifers and 25 steers were used. CSF samples were collected from atlanto-occipital (AO) site and blood samples were obtained from the jugular vein. CSF and serum protein electrophoresis were performed by means of sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Thirty-seven proteins with molecular weights ranging from 7 and 37kDa were identified in CSF of all animals. These eight were nominally identified with immunoglobulin A and G, celuloplasmin, transferrin, albumin, 1-antitripsin, acidic glycoprotein, and haptoglobin. All protein fractions in CSF did not differ between heifers and steers. In sera, 34 proteins with molecular weights between 7 and 244kDa were identified in heifers and steers. Similar proteins were nominally identified in the sera, but only the CSF presented 1-antitripsin. The serum values of acidic glycoprotein and immunoglobulin G were significantly higher in steers compared with heifers. In conclusion, measurement of CSF acute phase protein concentrations can be useful in diagnosing and monitoring the progression of bovine neurological diseases, perhaps even to guide therapeutic procedures. The CSF electrophoretic profile of healthy cattle does not change depending on gender.

RESUMO: O uso de proteínas de fase aguda (PFAs) para a avaliação da saúde e da doença em animais de produção tem aumentado consideravelmente na última década. O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar a concentração normal de PAFs no soro e no líquido cefalorraquidiano (LCR) de bovinos sadios por meio da eletroforese em gel de poliacrilamida. Foram avaliados cinquenta animais mestiços (350±70kg de PV e 18±1,2 meses de idade), 25 novilhas e 25 novilhos. As amostras de LCR foram colhidas no espaço atlanto-occipital (AO) e as amostras de sangue obtidas da veia jugular. As PAFs do soro e do LCR foram determinadas através da eletroforese em gel poliacrilamida. Trinta e sete proteínas com pesos moleculares que variaram entre 7 e 37kDa foram identificadas no LCR de todos os animais, independente do sexo. Estas oito proteínas foram nominalmente identificadas como imunoglobulina A e G, ceruloplasmina, transferrina, albumina, 1-antitripsina, glicoproteína ácida, e haptoglobina. As frações de proteínas presentes no LCR não diferiram entre novilhas e novilhos. No soro de machos e fêmeas, 34 proteínas com pesos moleculares entre 7 e 244 kDa foram identificadas. As proteínas do soro foram similarmente identificadas, entretanto a 1-antitripsina foi identificada somente no LCR. Os valores séricos de glicoproteína ácida e imunoglobulina G foram significativamente mais elevados nas novilhas em comparação aos novilhos. Em conclusão, a determinação das concentrações de proteínas de fase aguda presentes do LCR pode ser útil no diagnóstico e monitoramento da progressão de doenças neurológicas bovinas, talvez possa ainda direcionar procedimentos terapêuticos. O perfil eletroforético do LCR de bovinos hígidos não se altera em função do sexo.

Papiloma de plexo coróide em cão adulto - relato de caso / Choroid plexus papilloma in an adult dog - case report / Papiloma del plexo coroideo en un canino adulto - reporte de caso

O artigo descreve um caso de papiloma de plexo coróide (PPC) em cão da raça chow-chow, macho, com quatro anos de idade, o qual apresentou quadro crônico e progressivo de dificuldade de deambulação e dor cervical durante cerca de sete semanas. O paciente teve manifestações vestibulares e cerebelares progressivas. Exames pós-morte revelaram massa hemorrágica, assimétrica, não encapsulada em plexo coróide do quarto ventrículo, com extensão para ângulo cerebelo pontinomedular e segmentos cervicais craniais, caracterizada como PPC por avaliação histopatológica. O objetivo do presente relato é descrever a ocorrência de PPC, uma afecção raramente diagnosticada, bem como reafirmar a importância de incluir neoplasias intracranianas no diagnóstico diferencial de pacientes jovens com alterações neurológicas.(AU)

This article describes a case of choroid plexus papilloma in a four-year-old male chow-chow that presented a seven-week-Iong history of chronic and progressive incoordination and neck pain. Neurologic examination disclosed progressive cerebellar and vestibular manifestations. Postmortem examination revealed a non-encapsulated asymmetric hemorrhagic mass situated within the fourth ventricle, which expanded towards the cerebellum and cranial spinal cord segments. The neoplasm was diagnosed as choroid plexus papilloma (CPP) by histopathological evaluation. The present report aims to describe the occurrence of CPP, which is uncommonly diagnosed, and to reaffirm the importance of including intracranial neoplasms in the differential diagnosis of young patients with neurological disorders. (AU)

El presente artículo describe un caso de papiloma de plexo coroideo (PPC) en un perro Chow Chow macho de cuatro años, que se presentó con un cuadro crónico y progresivo de dificultad para deambular y dolor cervical de aproximadamente siete semanas de evolución. El paciente presentó signos vestibulares y cerebelares progresivos. Los exámenes post mortem mostraron la presencia de una masa hemorrágica, asimétrica y no capsulada en el plexo coroideo del cuarto ventrículo, que se extendía hasta el ángulo cerebelo-ponte-medular y segmentos cervicales craneales, que fue caracterizado como un papiloma de plexo coroideo en el examen histopatológico. El objetivo del presente trabajo es describir este tipo de neoplasia, de diagnóstico inusual, así como también reafirmar la importancia de incluir a las masas intracraneanas en el diagnóstico diferencial de pacientes jóvenes con alteraciones neurológicas.(AU)

Papiloma de plexo coróide em cão adulto - relato de caso / Choroid plexus papilloma in an adult dog - case report / Papiloma del plexo coroideo en un canino adulto - reporte de caso

O artigo descreve um caso de papiloma de plexo coróide (PPC) em cão da raça chow-chow, macho, com quatro anos de idade, o qual apresentou quadro crônico e progressivo de dificuldade de deambulação e dor cervical durante cerca de sete semanas. O paciente teve manifestações vestibulares e cerebelares progressivas. Exames pós-morte revelaram massa hemorrágica, assimétrica, não encapsulada em plexo coróide do quarto ventrículo, com extensão para ângulo cerebelo pontinomedular e segmentos cervicais craniais, caracterizada como PPC por avaliação histopatológica. O objetivo do presente relato é descrever a ocorrência de PPC, uma afecção raramente diagnosticada, bem como reafirmar a importância de incluir neoplasias intracranianas no diagnóstico diferencial de pacientes jovens com alterações neurológicas.

This article describes a case of choroid plexus papilloma in a four-year-old male chow-chow that presented a seven-week-Iong history of chronic and progressive incoordination and neck pain. Neurologic examination disclosed progressive cerebellar and vestibular manifestations. Postmortem examination revealed a non-encapsulated asymmetric hemorrhagic mass situated within the fourth ventricle, which expanded towards the cerebellum and cranial spinal cord segments. The neoplasm was diagnosed as choroid plexus papilloma (CPP) by histopathological evaluation. The present report aims to describe the occurrence of CPP, which is uncommonly diagnosed, and to reaffirm the importance of including intracranial neoplasms in the differential diagnosis of young patients with neurological disorders.

El presente artículo describe un caso de papiloma de plexo coroideo (PPC) en un perro Chow Chow macho de cuatro años, que se presentó con un cuadro crónico y progresivo de dificultad para deambular y dolor cervical de aproximadamente siete semanas de evolución. El paciente presentó signos vestibulares y cerebelares progresivos. Los exámenes post mortem mostraron la presencia de una masa hemorrágica, asimétrica y no capsulada en el plexo coroideo del cuarto ventrículo, que se extendía hasta el ángulo cerebelo-ponte-medular y segmentos cervicales craneales, que fue caracterizado como un papiloma de plexo coroideo en el examen histopatológico. El objetivo del presente trabajo es describir este tipo de neoplasia, de diagnóstico inusual, así como también reafirmar la importancia de incluir a las masas intracraneanas en el diagnóstico diferencial de pacientes jóvenes con alteraciones neurológicas.

CARACTER?STICAS F?SICO-QU?MICAS E CITOLÓGICAS DO L?QUIDO CEREBROESPINHAL DE CÃES SUBMETIDOS À MIELOGRAFIA COM IOHEXOL

O iohexol é um meio de contraste bastante utilizado em mielografia que, apesar de seguro, pode provocar efeitos colaterais e alterar a composição do líquido cerebroespinhal em cães. Este trabalho teve por objetivo verificar as alterações físico-químicas e citológicas do líquido cerebroespinhal (LCE) de cães submetidos à mielografia com o meio de contraste iohexol. Para isso foi utilizado o iohexol a 300mg de iodo/mL que foi administrado pelo espaço subaracnóide cerebelomedular na dose de 0,3 mL/Kg em 8 cães sadios. Três coletas de LCE de cada animal foram realizadas em momentos diferentes e estas divididas em três grupos. O Grupo I (grupo controle) representou as amostras coletadas antes da mielografia e os grupos II e III as amostras coletadas 24 e 48 horas após a mielografia, respectivamente. Realizaram- se exames físico-químicos e citológicos de todas as amostras. Os resultados mostraram que três amostras ficaram turvas, mas nenhuma coagulou. A densidade aumentou no grupo II, com subseqüente diminuição no grupo III. Nos grupos II e III, houve aumento (p

Caracter?sticas f?sico-qu?micas e citológicas do l?quido cerebroespinhal de cães submetidos à mielografia com iohexol

O iohexol é um meio de contraste bastante utilizado em mielografia que, apesar de seguro, pode provocar efeitos colaterais e alterar a composição do líquido cerebroespinhal em cães. Este trabalho teve por objetivo verificar as alterações físico-químicas e citológicas do líquido cerebroespinhal (LCE) de cães submetidos à mielografia com o meio de contraste iohexol. Para isso foi utilizado o iohexol a 300mg de iodo/mL que foi administrado pelo espaço subaracnóide cerebelomedular na dose de 0,3 mL/Kg em 8 cães sadios. Três coletas de LCE de cada animal foram realizadas em momentos diferentes e estas divididas em três grupos. O Grupo I (grupo controle) representou as amostras coletadas antes da mielografia e os grupos II e III as amostras coletadas 24 e 48 horas após a mielografia, respectivamente. Realizaram- se exames físico-químicos e citológicos de todas as amostras. Os resultados mostraram que três amostras ficaram turvas, mas nenhuma coagulou. A densidade aumentou no grupo II, com subseqüente diminuição no grupo III. Nos grupos II e III, houve aumento (p

Cerebrospinal 11 uid physical, cylologycal and biochemical evaluation from clinically normal and distemper encephalitis affected dogs / Avaliação física, citológica, conteúdo de proteínas e determinação qualitativa de globulinas do liquor de cães normais e de cães com encefalite por cinomose

Cerebrospinal fluid samples were obtained from 20 normal dogs (from 6 to 48 months old) and 20 dogs affected by canine distemper encephalitis, in order to make a physical, cytologycal and biochemical evaluation of it. Physical, cytologycal and biochemical evaluation of the cerebrospinal fluid from normal dogs presented the following results: specif gravity: 1,007+ 1,83, pH: 8,30 + 0,34, total red cell count: 6,65 + 5,27/pl, total white cell count: 2,85+ 1,63/pl and total protein content: 38,70+15,49 mg/dl. Physical, cytologycal and biochemical evaluation of the cerebrospinal fluid from dogs with distemper encephalitis" presented the following results: specific gravity: 1,010± 1,50, pH: 8,35+ 0,46, total red cell count: 8,55+ 1 6,48/pl, total white cell count: 99,05 ± 106,93/pl and total protein content: 219,03 + 81,08 mg/dl. Cerebrospinal fluid was clear and clorless in allsamples from normal dogs, and in almost all dogs with distemper encephalitis, some of the samples were xanthochromic or turbid. Pandys resction was negative in all samples from normal dogs and positive, ranging from ++ to +++, in dogs affected by distemper encephalitis. Differential cell count from dogs affected by distemper revealed a predominance of lymphocytes (67 - 97%) in all samples. 2 - 20% of monocytes and 2 - 24% of plasma cells. In some samples, macrophages, neutrophils and ependymal cells were als

0 presente experimento teve como objetivos estabelecer padrões de referência para constituintes do líquido cefalorraquidiano de cães normais e de cães jovens portadores de encefalite por cinomose. Foram utilizados 40 animais, sendo 20 cães normais (de seis a 48 meses de idade) e 20 cães com cinomose (até 18 meses de idade). Os exames físico, citológico e bioquímico do líquor dos cães normais permitiram o estabelecimento de valores para densidade: 1007± 1,83, pH: 8,30+0,34. contagem global de hemácias: 6,65 + 5,27/pl, contagem global de leucócitos: 2.85+ 1,63/pl e dosagem de proteínas: 38.70+ 15,49 mg/dl. Os exames físico, citológico e bioquímico do líquor de cães com cinomose permitiram o estabelecimento de valores para densidade: 1010+1,50, pH: 8,35 + 0,46, contagem global de hemácias: 8,55 + 6,48/pl, contagem global de leucócitos: 99,05 + 106,93/pl e dosagem de proteínas: 219,03 + 81,08 mg/dl. O líquor apresentou-se límpido e incolor em todas as amostrasdos cães normais e na maioria das amostras de cães com cinomose. Algumas amostras dos cães com cinomose encontravam-se discretamente turvas e/ou xantocrômicas. O Teste de Pandy foi negativo em todas as amostras de cães normais e positivo, variando de duas a três cruzes, nos animais com cinomose. A contagem diferencial de células do líquor de cães com cinomose revelou uma predominância (67% a 97%) de linfócitos em todas as amos

Cerebrospinal 11 uid physical, cylologycal and biochemical evaluation from clinically normal and distemper encephalitis affected dogs / Avaliação física, citológica, conteúdo de proteínas e determinação qualitativa de globulinas do liquor de cães normais e de cães com encefalite por cinomose

Cerebrospinal fluid samples were obtained from 20 normal dogs (from 6 to 48 months old) and 20 dogs affected by canine distemper encephalitis, in order to make a physical, cytologycal and biochemical evaluation of it. Physical, cytologycal and biochemical evaluation of the cerebrospinal fluid from normal dogs presented the following results: specif gravity: 1,007+ 1,83, pH: 8,30 + 0,34, total red cell count: 6,65 + 5,27/pl, total white cell count: 2,85+ 1,63/pl and total protein content: 38,70+15,49 mg/dl. Physical, cytologycal and biochemical evaluation of the cerebrospinal fluid from dogs with distemper encephalitis" presented the following results: specific gravity: 1,010± 1,50, pH: 8,35+ 0,46, total red cell count: 8,55+ 1 6,48/pl, total white cell count: 99,05 ± 106,93/pl and total protein content: 219,03 + 81,08 mg/dl. Cerebrospinal fluid was clear and clorless in allsamples from normal dogs, and in almost all dogs with distemper encephalitis, some of the samples were xanthochromic or turbid. Pandys resction was negative in all samples from normal dogs and positive, ranging from ++ to +++, in dogs affected by distemper encephalitis. Differential cell count from dogs affected by distemper revealed a predominance of lymphocytes (67 - 97%) in all samples. 2 - 20% of monocytes and 2 - 24% of plasma cells. In some samples, macrophages, neutrophils and ependymal cells were als

0 presente experimento teve como objetivos estabelecer padrões de referência para constituintes do líquido cefalorraquidiano de cães normais e de cães jovens portadores de encefalite por cinomose. Foram utilizados 40 animais, sendo 20 cães normais (de seis a 48 meses de idade) e 20 cães com cinomose (até 18 meses de idade). Os exames físico, citológico e bioquímico do líquor dos cães normais permitiram o estabelecimento de valores para densidade: 1007± 1,83, pH: 8,30+0,34. contagem global de hemácias: 6,65 + 5,27/pl, contagem global de leucócitos: 2.85+ 1,63/pl e dosagem de proteínas: 38.70+ 15,49 mg/dl. Os exames físico, citológico e bioquímico do líquor de cães com cinomose permitiram o estabelecimento de valores para densidade: 1010+1,50, pH: 8,35 + 0,46, contagem global de hemácias: 8,55 + 6,48/pl, contagem global de leucócitos: 99,05 + 106,93/pl e dosagem de proteínas: 219,03 + 81,08 mg/dl. O líquor apresentou-se límpido e incolor em todas as amostrasdos cães normais e na maioria das amostras de cães com cinomose. Algumas amostras dos cães com cinomose encontravam-se discretamente turvas e/ou xantocrômicas. O Teste de Pandy foi negativo em todas as amostras de cães normais e positivo, variando de duas a três cruzes, nos animais com cinomose. A contagem diferencial de células do líquor de cães com cinomose revelou uma predominância (67% a 97%) de linfócitos em todas as amos