Dissimulation in forensic psychiatric evaluations, a case-control study of the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory-III.

The possible tendency of subjects to decrease, hide, or omit symptomatic aspects of their mental functioning is one of the main problems in forensic psychological and psychiatric evaluations. We aimed at verifying the possible existence of significant differences in the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory-III (MCMI-III) scales scores between a sample of dissimulators (n = 40) and their non-dissimulator counterpart matched by age, sex, and diagnosis. Cases and comparisons were retrieved from the archive of a single university forensic psychiatric centre between 2013 and 2022. Results showed statistically significant higher scores in the sample of dissimulators in the Desirability, Histrionic, Narcissistic, and Compulsive MCMI-III scales than in the comparison sample. Point biserial correlation test disclosed a strong positive correlation between the Desirability, Histrionic, Narcissistic, and Compulsive scales of the MCMI-III and being in the dissimulator group of subjects while a negative correlation emerged for all the other scales except drug dependence. Key points: The forensic setting can affect a subject's behaviour.Dissimulation is a mechanism of minimization or concealment of a psycho-pathological condition.The MCMI-III can be a useful tool for a forensic psychiatrist or forensic psychologist in assessing dissimulation.

Ferdinand Karl Piëch: A Psychobiography of a Ruthless Manager and Ingenious Engineer.

The dark sides of personalities have gained importance during the past two decades. Psychobiography deals with the life of extraordinary individuals throughout the life span by applying selected theories to analyse specific life aspects. This study uses Theodore Millon's (1990, 2011) personality theory to explore the life of Ferdinand Karl Piëch (1937-2019), an Austrian engineer and business executive who was the chairman of the executive board of the Volkswagen Group (1993-2002) and the chairman of the supervisory board from 2002 to 2015. Piëch was also known for having a complex and controversial personality. This study aims to explore the life and work of Ferdinand Karl Piëch through the lens of Millon's personality theory. This study has four specific aims. Firstly, to provide an accurate and objective description of Piëch's life history. Secondly, to formulate an accurate description of Piëch's personality on the basis of existing biographical data. Thirdly, to interpret Piëch's personality through the use of Millon's theoretical framework and identify the personality prototypes that correspond with his personality characteristics. Fourthly, to contribute to expanding the field of "dark personality aspects" from a psychobiographical perspective, especially the personalities of extraordinary individuals. The findings suggest that although Piëch demonstrated the characteristics of three personality prototypes, the assertive-sadistic prototype is the best fit for his personality characteristics. Conclusions are drawn and recommendations for theory and practice are given.

Psychometric Properties of the Persian Version of Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory-IV (MCMI-IV).

Objective: Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory (MCMI) is one of the most widely used clinical tools in research studies and clinical settings. MCMI was revised 4 times and its last version was published in 2015. All previous versions of MCMI have been translated to Persian and validated and have been frequently used by Iranian clinicians or researchers. Thus, this study provides the Persian version of the last version of this popular inventory for clinical or research purposes. Method: The participants of this psychometric study were selected by combining purposeful and convenience sampling methods among inpatients and outpatients who referred to Roozbeh hospital from 2018 to 2019. After data screening by statistical methods and Validity Scales based on MCMI-IV profile, 400 participants' profiles were analyzed to estimate the psychometric properties of the Persian Version of MCMI-IV. MCMI-IV, the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-5 (SCID-5), and the Brief Symptoms Inventory (BSI) were used for clinical data gathering. Content Validity Ratio (CVR), Correlational Coefficients, Kappa Agreement, Spearman Brown Coefficient, and Cronbach Alpha were performed for data analysis. Results: According to the results of data analysis, the psychometric properties for MCMI-IV were estimated as follows: the content validity index (CVI, 0.29 to 0.99), criterion validity (0.13 to 0.40), convergent validity (-0.35 to 0.72), The Cronbach's alpha for the personality scales was 0.48 to 0.90, the Spearman-Brown coefficient was from 0.49 to 0.90, and test-retest reliability was from 0.51 to 0.86. Conclusion: The psychometric properties of the Persian version of MCMI-IV, including validity and reliability indexes, are appropriate and in line with the findings of its original version.

MCMI-III Personality Disorders, Traits, and Profiles in Adult ADHD Outpatients.

Objective: To assess prevalence of personality traits and disorders according to Millon's evolution-based model and to identify the most representative personality profiles among adult ADHD outpatients. Method: Personality traits and disorders were evaluated using the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory-III (MCMI-III) and an exploratory factor analysis (EFA) in a consecutive sample of adult ADHD outpatients (N = 70) diagnosed by the Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale-version 1.1 (ASRS-v1.1) and the Diagnostic Interview for ADHD in Adults (DIVA 2.0). Results: More than half of our sample (57.1%) showed at least one personality disorder (PD). The most prevalent PDs were paranoid, schizotypal and negativistic (18.6% for all three PDs), depressive (17.1%), and sadistic (11.4%). No patient had a borderline PD. The EFA identified three personality profiles ("sadistic-antisocial-negativistic," "masochistic-depressive-dependent-avoidant," and "antihistrionic-schizoid"). Conclusion: High prevalence of PDs among adult ADHD patients was confirmed. The personality profiles seemed to reflect the persistence of ADHD and related childhood comorbidities in adulthood.

Inyección Intraarticular Única de Ácido Hialurónico en la Artrosis de Rodilla: Estudio Multicéntrico Prospectivo Abierto (ART-ONE 75) mediante Comparación Post-Hoc con Placebo.

INTRODUCCIÓN: La viscosuplementación del líquido sinovial mediante la inyección intraarticular (IA) de ácido hialurónico (AH) es un tratamiento sintomático ampliamente utilizado en la artrosis de rodilla (AR). Además de los productos diseñados para realizar inyecciones múltiples (normalmente de 3 a 5 inyecciones, en intervalos de 1 semana), se presta especial atención a los productos de una única inyección, ya que ofrecen ventajas específicas, como son un menor número de visitas al médico y de intervenciones invasivas con sus riesgos asociados. Sin embargo, aún existen dudas sobre la eficacia de estas inyecciones únicas, en comparación con los regímenes de inyecciones múltiples. MÉTODOS: Se realizó un estudio multicéntrico, abierto, prospectivo, post-mercado (ART-ONE 75) con el producto de inyección única ARTHRUM 2,5% (3 ml, 75 mg AH), en 214 pacientes que sufrían de AR. Los pacientes fueron seguidos en D30, D60, D120 y D180 (días). El perfil promedio de los pacientes en el momento de la inclusión fue de 62,9 años, 56% mujeres, grados I-III de Kellgren-Lawrence (46% KL III), IMC de 27,2 kg/m2 y 4 años desde el diagnóstico de AR. Se realizó una comparación post-hoc con una inyección IA única de placebo (326 pacientes, agrupados de 3 estudios ECA), que proporcionaron un perfil de paciente similar. RESULTADOS: el criterio principal fue la variación desde el inicio de la puntuación de la escala WOMAC A (dolor, escala 0-100) en D60, que se redujo en 28,9 (17,4) para la población por intención de tratar (ITT, por sus siglas en inglés) (199 pacientes), 28,0 (17,8) para la población por protocolo (PP) en la inclusión (175 pacientes), y en 27,7 (16,8) para la población PP al finalizar (143 pacientes).Los criterios secundarios y accesorios incluyeron WOMAC A en otras ocasiones, WOMAC B (rigidez), WOMAC C (función), calidad de vida y discapacidad en cada momento de seguimiento. Todos los índices mejoraron significativamente y continuaron mejorando al final del estudio. La evaluación terapéutica en D180 mostró que más del 75% de los pacientes se encontraban satisfechos con la reducción del dolor, la mejora de la movilidad, y la reducción de analgésicos y AINE. El porcentaje de pacientes definidos como respondedores de OMERACT-OARSI fue superior al 86%, a partir de D60 y en adelante. La tolerancia general fue buena, sin que ocurriera ningún evento adverso grave. El resultado de la comparación post-hoc para la escala WOMAC A mostró un tamaño del efecto [IC 95%] desde TE = 0,33 [0,15; 0,51] en D60 a TE = 0,65 [0,45; 0,85] en D180 (p <0,001), frente a la inyección de placebo (solución salina), lo cual es un resultado clínicamente relevante a favor de ARTHRUM 2,5%. CONCLUSIÓN: El presente estudio confirma la eficacia clínica de una única inyección IA de 3 ml de solución de AH conteniendo 75 mg de AH nativo de alto PM (> 2 MDa).

[The study of the personality of a potential case of samaritan donation].

The term Samaritan is used to indicate the choice of a living donor to offer its own organ to save the life of a patient with whom it has no parental or affective relation (article 1, Law of 26 June 1967). It is a gesture of great solidarity, one that promotes life. The purpose of this study has been to analyze a case of potential Samaritan donation. The investigation consisted of six interviews, on a bi-weekly basis, for a total duration of three months. The clinical interviews allowed us to delve deeper into the motivations for the donation. The following tests were administered: the Rorschach projective test, the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory Personality Test (MCMI-III) and the Symptom Checklist-90-Revised (SCL-90-R). Some issues regarding age, self-confidence, emotional difficulties and maladjustment to social environment emerged. The analysis of the test results confirmed the "negative" indices that led the authors to decide against the psychological-psychiatric suitability for the Samaritan donation. The Samaritan donation is a rare and precious donation and understanding in depth the motivations behind this choice is extremely important. The choice to donate, even if freely made, must not make one forget their responsibility towards themselves and towards the integrity of their own body.

Comparative study of adolescents with and without ADHD / Perfiles de personalidad: estudio comparativo de adolescentes con y sin TDAH

Abstract Introduction Although an association between attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and personality disorders has been observed in adult population, no descriptions in Chilean adolescents have been reported. Objective To explore personality profiles in Chilean adolescent patients diagnosed with ADHD. Method Non-experimental, comparative design, convenience sample with 61 adolescent patients (13-19 years old) diagnosed with ADHD who completed the Millon Adolescent Clinical Inventory (MACI) questionnaire. Results compared parameters for the Chilean adolescent population and patients in the study. Attending psychiatrists completed a medical history file (comorbidities, pharmacological treatment and factors associated with mental health). Multivariate statistics, cluster analyses, and means comparison analyses were performed. This project was approved by the Ethics Committee of the University of Chile. Results The personality profile of female adolescent patients with ADHD resembles that of the general female population, while the profile of the male patients is similar to that of the patient's parameter group. Cluster analysis identified two personality sub-profiles: 25% of the subjects belonged to cluster 1, which was characterized by higher scores for different personality traits, expressed concerns, and clinical syndromes, compared with subjects from cluster 2. There were no differences regarding gender, ADHD clinical presentation, use of medication, adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), type of school, grade retention, or, applicable only to the female group, comorbidities in belonging to cluster 1. Only the presence of comorbidity in male subjects was associated with cluster 1 membership. Discussion and conclusion Adolescent patients diagnosed with ADHD differed significantly in some personality traits when compared to Chilean parameters for the MACI. Of the adolescents studied, 25% have maladaptive personality characteristics.

Resumen Introducción Aún cuando en población adulta se ha observado una asociación entre el trastorno por déficit de atención con hiperactividad (TDAH) y el trastorno de personalidad, no se han reportado descripciones similares en población chilena. Objetivo Explorar perfiles de personalidad en adolescentes chilenos consultantes diagnosticados con TDAH. Método Diseño no experimental, comparativo y de muestra intencionada con 61 adolescentes consultantes diagnosticados con TDAH (13-19 años), que respondieron el inventario clínico de personalidad para adolescentes de Millon (MACI). Los resultados comparan los parámetros poblacionales de adolescentes no consultantes y consultantes chilenos con los resultados de los pacientes del estudio. Psiquiatras tratantes completaron las fichas de registro (comorbilidad, tratamiento farmacológico y determinantes asociados a salud mental). Se utilizaron estadísticos multivariados de aglomeración, análisis de clúster y análisis de diferencias de medias. Proyecto aprobado por el Comité de Ética de la Universidad de Chile. Resultados El perfil de personalidad de las mujeres consultantes con TDAH se asemeja al grupo de adolescentes chilenas no consultantes y el de los hombres, al perfil de consultantes. El análisis de clúster identificó dos subperfiles de personalidad. El 25% de los sujetos perteneció al clúster 1, que se caracteriza por puntajes más altos para diferentes rasgos de personalidad, preocupaciones expresadas y síndromes clínicos, comparado con los sujetos pertenecientes al clúster 2. Sólo la presencia de comorbilidad en hombres se asoció a la pertenencia al clúster 1, sin encontrarse diferencia por sexo, tipo de TDAH, uso de fármacos, experiencias adversas tempranas, tipo de colegio, repetición de grado escolar y diagnósticos comórbidos, sólo en el caso de las mujeres. Discusión y conclusión Los adolescentes consultantes con TDAH se diferencian significativamente en algunos rasgos de personalidad al compararlos con los parámetros poblacionales chilenos para el MACI. El 25% de los adolescentes estudiados tienen características desadaptativas de personalidad.

Clinical and Personality Disorders in a Danish Treatment-Seeking Sample of Intimate Partner Violence Perpetrators.

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a global public health concern with profound psychological consequences. Perpetrators often have a history of childhood trauma and a range of co-occurring psychiatric problems, which may have implications for treatment. This study examines the prevalence of psychiatric and personality disorders (PD) among perpetrators and the association between a range of demographic, childhood trauma, and adult criminality variables for the most prominent disorders. Data were collected from IPV perpetrators ( n = 529) engaging in a treatment program, ' Dialogue Against Violence'. High rates of childhood trauma were observed. There was significant variation in the prevalence of clinical disorders and PDs, with Antisocial PD and Anxiety Disorder being the most common. A clinical disorder was the strongest predictor of PDs, likewise a PD was the strongest predictor of clinical disorders. Findings demonstrated that IPV perpetrators have a number of personality and clinical disorders and traumatic histories that need to be considered within a treatment perspective.

Personality disorders in cluster headache: a study using the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory-III.

A great deal of studies suggests that cluster headache (CH) patients are usually comorbid to anxiety-mood spectrum disorders and psychopathological symptoms; however, the personality profiles reported in the literature strictly depend on type of assessment used. Psychiatric comorbidities have been extensively studied in migraine and they are recognized to represent a major risk factor associated with poorer outcome, playing a role in the headache chronification process at once as cause and consequence of it. By contrast the incidence and role of psychopathological aspects in CH is still not clarified, insufficiently explored as the striking severity of such a physical pain apparently leaves no room to psychological explanations. The aim of the present study is to describe psychopathological aspects of CH patients by means of the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory-III (MCMI-III), a psychological assessment tool compatible to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) that correlates personality disorders (PDs) and clinical syndromes. We included all consecutive inward patients with CH between January 2014 and December 2016. Patients were evaluated using the MCMI-III a validated inventory assessing 14 PDs Scales (coordinate with DSM-IV Axis II disorders) and ten Clinical Syndrome Scales (coordinate with DSM-IV Axis I disorders). Twenty-six CH patients (24 chronic CH) were tested. Personality disorders were present in 92% of the patients. The most frequent PDs were: obsessive-compulsive (30.8%), histrionic (26.9%), narcissistic (11.5%), paranoid (11.5%) and avoidant (11.5%). According to the MCMI-III, patients with CH showed a high prevalence of personality disorders (Axis II-DSM-IV). PDs in CH patients can play an important role in determining CH course toward chronification. These preliminary results suggest that behavioral treatments can find room to support more conventional drug and neurostimulation therapies in these patients. In addition, the very high prevalence of PDs in our patients suggests that CH could in some cases be considered among the spectrum of somatoform and pain syndromes in patients with PDs.

Psychogenic nonepileptic seizures in children - Psychological presentation, treatment, and short-term outcomes.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to better understand the etiologies, features, and care outcomes of psychogenic nonepileptic seizures (PNESs) in a pediatric setting. METHOD: We performed a retrospective analysis of 32 sequentially referred children for suspected PNESs to a neurology psychology service over a 6-year period. After excluding non-PNES paroxysmal events (related to anxiety or migraine), 29 patients were identified with final diagnosis of PNESs. Charts were examined for presenting symptom data, demographics, comorbidities, neurological diagnoses and investigations, as well as psychological assessment, management, and outcome. Treatment consisted of education around diagnosis and of individual psychological treatment, which, in most cases, was cognitive behavioral therapy up to 14 sessions. Additional mental health services including psychiatric medication, family therapy, and admission to day or inpatient treatment were also utilized in a smaller number of cases. Total treatment periods ranged from 4 weeks to 12 months. RESULTS: The majority of patients identified were adolescent (90%), Caucasian (72%), and female (76%). Preceding psychology referral, point of entry into medical care for PNESs was primarily through the emergency department (66%) or outpatient neurology clinic referral (31%). Whereas 39% of parents described significant internalizing symptoms in their child (BASC-2), patients themselves tended to underreport anxiety or depression as demonstrated by only 16% endorsement on the BYI-II. By contrast, MACI personality assessment response patterns for adolescents demonstrated high levels of psychic tension/anxiety (65%), depressive affect (55%), and maladaptive personality traits including inhibition (45%), submissiveness (35%), and introversion (30%). Appropriate psychological treatment was associated with high rates of full remission (no new events, n=17, 59%) and partial remission (50% or greater reduction in events, n=6, 21%) as self-reported at discharge. Accurate diagnosis and referral to psychology also led to a sevenfold reduction in PNES-related emergency department visits one year after initial psychology visit compared with the preceding year. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that appropriate care for PNESs reduces inappropriate medical investigation and therapy, expedites rates of remission, and decreases health-care utilization in a pediatric setting.

Análisis de perfiles de personalidad en mujeres adultas con diagnóstico de Síndrome de Turner / Analysis of personality profiles in adult women diagnosed with Turner Syndrome

El Síndrome de Turner es el trastorno cromosómico, no heredable, de mayor incidencia poblacional en el sexo femenino, determinado por la deleción parcial o total del cromosoma X. En el desarrollo de las mujeres con este diagnóstico intervienen factores genéticos, familiares, educacionales y sociales que resultan relevantes en la consolidación de la personalidad. El objetivo del trabajo realizado fue caracterizar la personalidad de mujeres adultas con Síndrome de Turner residentes en Latinoamérica. La muestra fue de tipo no probabilístico intencional y corresponde a 60 mujeres entre 18 y 55 años. Los datos se recabaron a través de una versión virtual del Inventario Clínico Multiaxial de Millon II. Se transformaron las puntuaciones directas en puntuaciones Tasa Base y se obtuvieron estadísticos descriptivos de frecuencias y medidas de tendencia central para caracterizar a las participantes de la muestra. Posteriormente se calculó la razón de momios para obtener el índice de la probabilidad que las mujeres con diagnóstico de Síndrome de Turner presentaran trastornos de la personalidad. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que la probabilidad que presenta dicha población de padecer trastornos de personalidad, en comparación con una muestra clínica normativa, resulta superior para todos los trastornos, siendo las escalas autodestructiva, compulsiva y antisocial aquellas que presentan los porcentajes más altos. Los datos obtenidos dan cuenta de la vulnerabilidad que presenta la población estudiada de padecer trastornos de personalidad y son útiles para el desarrollo de terapias específicas que consideren dichas características en pos de una mejor calidad de vida.

Turner Syndrome is a chromosomal, not inherited, disorder highest population incidence in females, determined by the partial or complete deletion of chromosome X. Is characterized by short stature and digenesia gonadal and, in a psychosocial level, one of the most common traits are the difficulties in establishing interpersonal relationships. In the development of women with diagnosis of Turner syndrome involves genetic, family, educational and social factors that are relevant in the establishment and consolidation of personality. This last one results from the interaction between biological and environmental factors among which are the inheritance and the learnings. The influence of the personality is a determining factor in the behavior and in the way to adapt to the environment, and may be favorable or pathological depending on the degree of flexibility in the situations of stress. The study of the influence of biological and environmental factors on human development is part of the new contributions of the biopsychosocial paradigm, which seeks to understand the psychological processes through a comprehensive vision that takes into account the interaction between biological, psychological and social factors in the development. This interdisciplinary approach oriented perspective becomes more conducive to addressing people with genetic disorders frame, since the differential impact of each of these factors in psychosocial development directly affect their quality of life. The study of personality in people with genetic disorders, and especially in the Turner Syndrome, is currently a vacant area in psychological research. The aim of the present study was to characterize the personality of adult women with Turner syndrome living in Latin America. The sample was intentional non-probability and corresponds to 60 women between 18 and 55 years. The data were gathered through a virtual version of the Millon Multiaxial Clinical Inventory II in the Spanish version. The direct scores transformed on scores Rate-Base and descriptive statistics of frequencies and measures of central tendency were obtained to characterize the sample. Subsequently the odds ratio was calculated to obtain the index of the probability of women with a diagnosis of Turner syndrome present personality disorders. The presence of a personality disorder was considered when the score in the Rate-Base was greater than 84. The results show that the probability that women with a diagnosis of Turner syndrome presents of suffering from personality disorders, in comparison with a clinical normative sample, is higher for all disorders, being antisocial, self-destructive and compulsive scales those presenting the highest percentages. Thus, despite the limitations encountered, it is important to consider that, according to the finding of the scientific literature, personality is partly determined by biological factors, and in this sense the Turner syndrome has a particular specificity to result from loss of genetic material and therefore cause physical and neuropsychological distinctive characteristics. At the same time, environmental factors would be responsible for modular the development of biological predispositions of certain personality traits, and in this sense social relations, the process of socialization and stimulation that provide girls with a diagnosis of Turner Syndrome from the early years of life, could have a strong impact on the development of what in future will be formed personality style. The results are important for therapeutic work with women diagnosed with Turner syndrome because as having empirical information about their characteristics and personality disorders may be possible to diagramming programs specific treatments they consider their particular way of relating to themselves and the environment, seeking to develop new strategies to improve their quality of life. And at the same time, suggests possible interventions at the family level, especially during childhood, aimed at the prevention of development of dysfunctional personality characteristics.

Análisis de perfiles de personalidad en mujeres adultas con diagnóstico de Síndrome de Turner / Analysis of personality profiles in adult women diagnosed with Turner Syndrome

El Síndrome de Turner es el trastorno cromosómico, no heredable, de mayor incidencia poblacional en el sexo femenino, determinado por la deleción parcial o total del cromosoma X. En el desarrollo de las mujeres con este diagnóstico intervienen factores genéticos, familiares, educacionales y sociales que resultan relevantes en la consolidación de la personalidad. El objetivo del trabajo realizado fue caracterizar la personalidad de mujeres adultas con Síndrome de Turner residentes en Latinoamérica. La muestra fue de tipo no probabilístico intencional y corresponde a 60 mujeres entre 18 y 55 años. Los datos se recabaron a través de una versión virtual del Inventario Clínico Multiaxial de Millon II. Se transformaron las puntuaciones directas en puntuaciones Tasa Base y se obtuvieron estadísticos descriptivos de frecuencias y medidas de tendencia central para caracterizar a las participantes de la muestra. Posteriormente se calculó la razón de momios para obtener el índice de la probabilidad que las mujeres con diagnóstico de Síndrome de Turner presentaran trastornos de la personalidad. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que la probabilidad que presenta dicha población de padecer trastornos de personalidad, en comparación con una muestra clínica normativa, resulta superior para todos los trastornos, siendo las escalas autodestructiva, compulsiva y antisocial aquellas que presentan los porcentajes más altos. Los datos obtenidos dan cuenta de la vulnerabilidad que presenta la población estudiada de padecer trastornos de personalidad y son útiles para el desarrollo de terapias específicas que consideren dichas características en pos de una mejor calidad de vida.(AU)

Turner Syndrome is a chromosomal, not inherited, disorder highest population incidence in females, determined by the partial or complete deletion of chromosome X. Is characterized by short stature and digenesia gonadal and, in a psychosocial level, one of the most common traits are the difficulties in establishing interpersonal relationships. In the development of women with diagnosis of Turner syndrome involves genetic, family, educational and social factors that are relevant in the establishment and consolidation of personality. This last one results from the interaction between biological and environmental factors among which are the inheritance and the learnings. The influence of the personality is a determining factor in the behavior and in the way to adapt to the environment, and may be favorable or pathological depending on the degree of flexibility in the situations of stress. The study of the influence of biological and environmental factors on human development is part of the new contributions of the biopsychosocial paradigm, which seeks to understand the psychological processes through a comprehensive vision that takes into account the interaction between biological, psychological and social factors in the development. This interdisciplinary approach oriented perspective becomes more conducive to addressing people with genetic disorders frame, since the differential impact of each of these factors in psychosocial development directly affect their quality of life. The study of personality in people with genetic disorders, and especially in the Turner Syndrome, is currently a vacant area in psychological research. The aim of the present study was to characterize the personality of adult women with Turner syndrome living in Latin America. The sample was intentional non-probability and corresponds to 60 women between 18 and 55 years. The data were gathered through a virtual version of the Millon Multiaxial Clinical Inventory II in the Spanish version. The direct scores transformed on scores Rate-Base and descriptive statistics of frequencies and measures of central tendency were obtained to characterize the sample. Subsequently the odds ratio was calculated to obtain the index of the probability of women with a diagnosis of Turner syndrome present personality disorders. The presence of a personality disorder was considered when the score in the Rate-Base was greater than 84. The results show that the probability that women with a diagnosis of Turner syndrome presents of suffering from personality disorders, in comparison with a clinical normative sample, is higher for all disorders, being antisocial, self-destructive and compulsive scales those presenting the highest percentages. Thus, despite the limitations encountered, it is important to consider that, according to the finding of the scientific literature, personality is partly determined by biological factors, and in this sense the Turner syndrome has a particular specificity to result from loss of genetic material and therefore cause physical and neuropsychological distinctive characteristics. At the same time, environmental factors would be responsible for modular the development of biological predispositions of certain personality traits, and in this sense social relations, the process of socialization and stimulation that provide girls with a diagnosis of Turner Syndrome from the early years of life, could have a strong impact on the development of what in future will be formed personality style. The results are important for therapeutic work with women diagnosed with Turner syndrome because as having empirical information about their characteristics and personality disorders may be possible to diagramming programs specific treatments they consider their particular way of relating to themselves and the environment, seeking to develop new strategies to improve their quality of life. And at the same time, suggests possible interventions at the family level, especially during childhood, aimed at the prevention of development of dysfunctional personality characteristics.(AU)

A Preliminary Investigation of Abnormal Personality Traits in MS Using the MCMI-III.

Neuropsychiatric abnormalities are frequently reported in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). Previous studies have investigated the neurotic aspects of psychopathology, and the importance of the personality structure underlying neurotic symptoms has only recently been reconsidered. The aim of our study was to investigate the frequency and type of personality profiles in MS using the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory-III (MCMI-III). We evaluated 77 nondemented patients with MS using physical disability scales and self-report questionnaires focused on mood, fatigue, and personality. In our cohort study, we found a personality scale score greater than 85 in 62.3% of enrolled participants. In particular, high scores on the Histrionic and Narcissistic scales emerged, respectively, in 20.8% and 15.6% of the sample. The presence of moderate abnormal elevation scores in MCMI personality scales in MS does not seem to be influenced by age, the Expanded Disability Status Scale score, disease course, or disease duration. Our research study focused on the importance of identifying personality maladaptation in patients with MS.

Dependent and paranoid personality patterns in myotonic dystrophy type 1.

OBJECTIVES: To analyze frequency and type of personality pattern in patients with myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1), to correlate these findings with clinical data, and to assess its possible influence on quality of life (QoL). MATERIALS AND METHODS: This cross-sectional study comprised 62 patients with DM1. Following measures were used: Muscular Impairment Rating Scale, Raven's Standard Progressive Matrices (RSPM), Millon Multiaxial Clinical Inventory I (MMCI), SF-36, and Individualized Neuromuscular Quality of Life (INQoL) questionnaires. RESULTS: The presence of at least one pathological personality trait with score above 85 on MMCI was found in 47 (75.8%) patients. After clinical interview, 36 (58.1%) subjects had significant personality impairment. The most common personality trait in our cohort of patients was dependent found in 51.6% of patients, followed by paranoid (38.7%). Higher score on dependent personality scale correlated with lower education (rho = -0.251, P = 0.049). Dependent personality scores significantly differed between patients with physical and intellectual work (93.1 ± 8.9 vs 66.9 ± 31.7, P = 0.011). Paranoid score was higher in patients with lower education (rho = -0.293, P = 0.021), lower score on RSPM test (rho = -0.398, P = 0.004) and larger number of CTG repeats (rho = 0.254, P = 0.046). Presence of dependent personality was not in association with QoL scores (P > 0.05). On the other hand, patients with paranoid personality trait had worse QoL than those without it (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Almost 60% of our patients with DM1 had clinically significant personality impairment, with dependent and paranoid personality patterns being the most common. Paranoid personality may decrease QoL in these patients, which gives us new opportunities for symptomatic therapy in DM1.

Aspectos psicológicos do hipertenso: candidato à cirurgia Bariátrica versus internado para tratamento clínico / Psychological aspects of hypertensive patient: candidate for Bariatric surgery versus admitted to clinical treatment / Aspectos psicológicos del paciente hipertenso: candidato para cirugía Bariátrica versus internado para tratamiento clínico

A Hipertensão Arterial Sistêmica (HAS) é vista como um problema de saúdepública, uma vez que chega a atingir 50% da população brasileira. Seu tratamento sedá por medicamentos e mudanças nos hábitos de saúde, sendo este último um desafiopara essa população. Com isso, a presente pesquisa objetiva comparar característicaspsicossociais relacionadas à adesão ao tratamento entre pacientes hipertensos,candidatos à cirurgia Bariátrica e aqueles submetidos a tratamento clínico nas enfermarias,ambas de um Hospital Universitário, com sede em Natal. Emprega-se, o Millon BehavioralMedicine Diagnostic (MBMD), instrumento para a identificação dos fatores psicológicosligados à adesão ao tratamento. Conta-se com a participação de dois grupos dehipertensos, o nº1, com 80 pacientes (66 mulheres e 14 homens) candidatos à cirurgiabariátrica, e outro, o nº 2, com 54 (37 mulheres e 17 homens) de pacientes internadospara tratamento clínico da hipertensão. Nas comparações entre as médias dos gruposnas escalas do MBMD, com uso do Teste – t de Student, verificam-se significância(p < 0,05) no indicador de Tabagismo e nas escalas de Depressão, Fragilidadeintervencionista x Resiliência e Encaminhamento Psicológico. Verifica-se maior deficiênciano grupo de paciente em tratamento clínico, com tendência de ansiedade, depressão ecarência de atendimento psicológico. Considera-se a necessidade de apoio multidisciplinartambém, em outros contextos que não só no pré-operatório de cirurgia bariátrica, já queeste grupo obteve menos indicadores nas referidas escalas(AU)

Hypertension is seen as a public health problem as it reaches 50% of theBrazilian population. The treatment consists of the use of drugs and changes in healthhabits, the latter being a challenge for this population. Thus, this research aims tocompare psychosocial characteristics related to treatment adherence among two groupsof hypertensive patients: one who are candidates for Bariatric surgery and the otherwith hospitalized patients in a University hospital based in Natal-RN. The “MillonBehavioral Medicine Diagnostic” (MBMD) is the instrument for the identification ofpsychological factors associated with adherence to treatment. Account with 80 patients(66 women and 14 men) in group 1 candidates for bariatric surgery, and 54 (37 womenand 17 men) in group 2 patients admitted for clinical treatment. Comparisons betweengroup means on the scales of MBMD, using the test - t Student’s, there are significant(p < 0.05) on the Caffeine and Smoking indicators, and the scales of Depression,Interventional Fragility x Interventional Resilience and Psych Referral . Suggestinggreater impairment in group 2 in good health habits and also higher tendency to anxiety,depression and lack of psychological care. The necessity also of multidisciplinarysupport in other contexts than not only in preoperative bariatric surgery is considered,as this group has fewer indicators on these scales(AU)

La hipertensión es considerada como un problema de salud pública, ya quealcanza 49% de la población brasileña. Su tratamiento se inicia a partir de la utilizaciónde medicamentos y cambios en los hábitos de salud, siendo este último un desafíopara esta población. Así, esta investigación tiene por objeto comparar las característicaspsicosociales relacionados con la adhesión al tratamiento en pacientes hipertensoscandidatos para la cirugía Bariátrica, y los que hacen tratamientos médicos hospitalizadosen un hospital universitario con sede en Natal-RN. Se utiliza el “Millon BehavioralMedicine Diagnostic” (MBMD), instrumento para la identificación de los factorespsicológicos asociados con la adherencia al tratamiento. Conta con la participación de80 pacientes (66 mujeres y 14 hombres) en el grupo 1 de los candidatos a cirugíabariátrica, y 54 (37 mujeres y 17 hombres) en el grupo 2 de los pacientes admitidos atratamiento clínico de la hipertensión. Para comparaciones entre las medias de grupoen las escalas de MBMD, utiliza el test- t de Student. Son significativas (p < 0,05) nosindicadores de Abuso de la cafeína, Tabaquismo, y en las escalas del Depresión,Resiliencia intervencionista x Fragilidad intervencionista y Enrutamiento psicológica.Comprobase un mayor deficiencia en el grupo 2, en los buenos hábitos de salud ytambién más propensos a la ansiedad, la depresión y la falta de atención psicológica.Se considera la necesidad de un apoyo multidisciplinar en otros contextos que no soloen el preoperatorio de la cirugía bariátrica, ya que este grupo tiene menos indicadoresen estas escalas(AU)

Evidências de validade convergente do Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory-III / Evidencias de validad convergente del Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory-III / Evidences of convergent validity of Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory-III

Este estudo tem como objetivo verificar características de evidências de validade e sensibilidade do Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory-III (MCMI-III) em identificar traços patológicos em pessoas com necessidade de tratamento psicológico e/ou psiquiátrico usando o questionário de saúde geral de Goldberg (QSG) como instrumento de validade convergente. Foram avaliados 703 participantes com idades de 18 a 85 anos, dos sexos feminino e masculino, residentes e domiciliados em cidades brasileiras, representando todas as regiões do país. Os participantes foram divididos posteriormente em dois grupos (G1 e G2). Os resultados demonstraram que o grupo G1 (pessoas em tratamento) apresentou diferenças significativas entre as médias com relação ao grupo G2 (pessoas que não realizam tratamento). Por meio do QSG, resultados apontaram a relação com os escores do MCMI-III, contudo ainda são necessários estudos posteriores para confirmação dos resultados, além do estabelecimento de padrões normativos para a amostra brasileira.(AU)

This study aims to determine the characteristics of evidence of validity and sensitivity of the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory III in identifying pathological traits in people needing psychological or psychiatric treatment using the Goldberg General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) as an instrument for convergent validity. We evaluated 703 male and female participants aged 18 to 85 years old, resident in various Brazilian cities. Participants were divided in two groups: G1 and G2. The results showed significant differences between means of G1 and G2. Through the GHQ administration, results showed a relationship between the scores of the two instruments. However, further studies are needed to establish normative standards for the Brazilian sample.(AU)

El presente estudio tiene como objetivo determinar la validad y sensibilidad del Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory III en la identificación de rasgos patológicos de las personas que necesitan tratamiento para trastornos psicológico y/o psiquiátrico utilizando el cuestionario de salud general de Goldberg (CSG) como medio de validez convergente. Se evaluaron 703 sujetos de entre 18 y 85 años, hombres y mujeres, residentes en las ciudades brasileñas. Los participantes fueron divididos en grupos G1 y G2. Los resultados mostraron diferencias significativas entre las medias de los grupos G1 y G2. A través de la administración del CSG se observa una relación entre las puntuaciones de los dos instrumentos. Sin embargo, se necesitan más estudios para establecer criterios normativos para la muestra brasileña.(AU)

Evidências de validade convergente do Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory-III / Evidences of convergent validity of Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory-III / Evidencias de validad convergente del Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory-III

Este estudo tem como objetivo verificar características de evidências de validade e sensibilidade do Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory-III (MCMI-III) em identificar traços patológicos em pessoas com necessidade de tratamento psicológico e/ou psiquiátrico usando o questionário de saúde geral de Goldberg (QSG) como instrumento de validade convergente. Foram avaliados 703 participantes com idades de 18 a 85 anos, dos sexos feminino e masculino, residentes e domiciliados em cidades brasileiras, representando todas as regiões do país. Os participantes foram divididos posteriormente em dois grupos (G1 e G2). Os resultados demonstraram que o grupo G1 (pessoas em tratamento) apresentou diferenças significativas entre as médias com relação ao grupo G2 (pessoas que não realizam tratamento). Por meio do QSG, resultados apontaram a relação com os escores do MCMI-III, contudo ainda são necessários estudos posteriores para confirmação dos resultados, além do estabelecimento de padrões normativos para a amostra brasileira.

This study aims to determine the characteristics of evidence of validity and sensitivity of the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory III in identifying pathological traits in people needing psychological or psychiatric treatment using the Goldberg General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) as an instrument for convergent validity. We evaluated 703 male and female participants aged 18 to 85 years old, resident in various Brazilian cities. Participants were divided in two groups: G1 and G2. The results showed significant differences between means of G1 and G2. Through the GHQ administration, results showed a relationship between the scores of the two instruments. However, further studies are needed to establish normative standards for the Brazilian sample.

El presente estudio tiene como objetivo determinar la validad y sensibilidad del Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory III en la identificación de rasgos patológicos de las personas que necesitan tratamiento para trastornos psicológico y/o psiquiátrico utilizando el cuestionario de salud general de Goldberg (CSG) como medio de validez convergente. Se evaluaron 703 sujetos de entre 18 y 85 años, hombres y mujeres, residentes en las ciudades brasileñas. Los participantes fueron divididos en grupos G1 y G2. Los resultados mostraron diferencias significativas entre las medias de los grupos G1 y G2. A través de la administración del CSG se observa una relación entre las puntuaciones de los dos instrumentos. Sin embargo, se necesitan más estudios para establecer criterios normativos para la muestra brasileña.

Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory-III: tradução e adaptação semântica dos itens para o Brasil / Translation and adaptation of the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory-III to Brazil

O presente estudo buscou traduzir e adaptar semanticamente as escalas de padrões clínicos de personalidade e síndromes clínicas do MCMI-III para o Brasil. Utilizaram-se os processos de tradução e tradução reversa, realizados por tradutores bilíngues. Em seguida, o inventário foi administrado a 15 homens e mulheres de 18 a 85 anos, com diferentes níveis de leitura para aferir o grau de compreensão semântica das sentenças. Os itens traduzidos foram enviados para experts acerca da teoria de Millon para avaliarem cada um dos itens com relação à adequação de sua tradução antes da sua administração com vistas a verificar entendimento por parte dos respondentes. São apresentados os itens e os indicadores apontados pelos juízes que demonstram os preceitos referentes à tradução e à adaptação semântica para o uso do instrumento no Brasil. Pode-se obter uma versão do instrumento com condições de atender as características culturais de forma a garantir sequência de estudos sistemáticos para verificação de evidências de validade e de sensibilidade com vistas a possível uso clínico Discutem-se ainda os resultados preliminares quanto à tradução e adaptação do instrumento não somente ao idioma português, mas também ao contexto cultural.(AU)

The present study aimed to translate and to adapt the personality clinical patterns scales and clinical syndromes scales of the MCMI-III to Brazil. It was used the translation and backtranslation processes, handled by bilingual translators. Then, the inventory was administered to 15 men and women aging 18 to 85 years old, with different levels of reading skills to verify the level of sentences semantic comprehension. The translated items were sent to experts on Millon's theory whom evaluated each one of the items concerning its translation adequacy prior to administration in order to verify understanding by respondents. The items are presented and indicators pointed by the judges show the conventions on translation and semantic adaptation carried through this adaptation and the use of the instrument in Brazil. We can get a version of the instrument with conditions to meet the cultural characteristics to ensure sequence of systematic studies to check for validity and sensitivity with a view to possible clinical use. We still discuss the preliminaries results on translation and adaptation if the instrument not just to the Portuguese language, but also to the cultural context.(AU)

Millon clinical multiaxial inventory-III: tradução e adaptação semântica dos itens para o Brasil / Translation and adaptation of the millon clinical multiaxial inventory-III to Brazil

O presente estudo buscou traduzir e adaptar semanticamente as escalas de padrões clínicos de personalidade e síndromes clínicas do MCMI-III para o Brasil. Utilizaram-se os processos de tradução e tradução reversa, realizados por tradutores bilíngues. Em seguida, o inventário foi administrado a 15 homens e mulheres de 18 a 85 anos, com diferentes níveis de leitura para aferir o grau de compreensão semântica das sentenças. Os itens traduzidos foram enviados para experts acerca da teoria de Millon para avaliarem cada um dos itens com relação à adequação de sua tradução antes da sua administração com vistas a verificar entendimento por parte dos respondentes. São apresentados os itens e os indicadores apontados pelos juízes que demonstram os preceitos referentes à tradução e à adaptação semântica para o uso do instrumento no Brasil. Pode-se obter uma versão do instrumento com condições de atender as características culturais de forma a garantir sequência de estudos sistemáticos para verificação de evidências de validade e de sensibilidade com vistas a possível uso clínico Discutem-se ainda os resultados preliminares quanto à tradução e adaptação do instrumento não somente ao idioma português, mas também ao contexto cultural

The present study aimed to translate and to adapt the personality clinical patterns scales and clinical syndromes scales of the MCMI-III to Brazil. It was used the translation and backtranslation processes, handled by bilingual translators. Then, the inventory was administered to 15 men and women aging 18 to 85 years old, with different levels of reading skills to verify the level of sentences semantic comprehension. The translated items were sent to experts on Millon's theory whom evaluated each one of the items concerning its translation adequacy prior to administration in order to verify understanding by respondents. The items are presented and indicators pointed by the judges show the conventions on translation and semantic adaptation carried through this adaptation and the use of the instrument in Brazil. We can get a version of the instrument with conditions to meet the cultural characteristics to ensure sequence of systematic studies to check for validity and sensitivity with a view to possible clinical use. We still discuss the preliminaries results on translation and adaptation if the instrument not just to the Portuguese language, but also to the cultural context