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1.
Rev. esp. sanid. penit ; 26(1): 25-34, Ene-Abr. 2024. tab, graf
Article in English, Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-231144

ABSTRACT

Introducción: En el entorno penitenciario, hay una elevada incidencia de conductas autolesivas, con una tasa de suicidio superior a la existente en la población general. Estudios previos describen la asociación de factores sociodemográficos, clínicos y criminológicos, con el riesgo de suicidio en la población penitenciaria masculina, pero hay pocas investigaciones centradas en el análisis de la conducta suicida entre mujeres. El objetivo del trabajo es analizar las características de las internas que ingresan en una unidad psiquiátrica por presentar ideas de suicidio o haber realizado tentativas.Material y método: Análisis descriptivo y comparativo de 97 internos (68 hombres, 29 mujeres) ingresados en la Unidad de Hospitalización Psiquiátrica de la Penitenciaria de Cataluña (UHPP-C), por ideas de suicidio, entre el 1 de enero de 2017 y el 31 de diciembre de 2022. Resultados: Se encuentran diferencias respecto al lugar de nacimiento, con mayor presencia de nacionalidades africanas en varones no nacionales, mientras que las internas extranjeras suelen ser originarias de países latinoamericanos. Los hombres tienen menor edad media, con ingresos más prolongados y una mayor tasa de reingreso. También padecen más trastornos psicóticos y adictivos. Las mujeres presentan mayor prevalencia de trastornos de personalidad y cuadros afectivos. Conclusiones: Hay diferencias sociodemográficas y clínicas entre hombres y mujeres internos en prisión que requieren ingreso por ideación suicida. Incluir la perspectiva de género en los estudios sobre el riesgo suicida en la población penitenciaria puede proporcionar una base sólida para futuros estudios, permitiendo así una comprensión más completa de la ideación suicida y las necesidades de intervención en la población penitenciaria.(AU)


Introduction: There is a high incidence of self-harming behavior in the prison setting, with a suicide rate that is higher than that of the general population. Previous studies describe the association of sociodemographic, clinical, and criminological factors with the risk of suicide in the male prison population, but there is little research that specifically analyses suicidal behavior among women. The objective of this study is to analyze the characteristics of inmates who are admitted to a psychiatric unit for suicidal thoughts or attempted suicide. Material and method: Descriptive and comparative analysis of 97 inmates (68 men, 29 women) admitted to the Unidad de Hospitalización Psiquiátrica Penitenciaria de Cataluña (UHPP-C), for suicidal ideation, between January 1, 2017, and December 31, 2022. Results: There are differences in terms of place of birth, with a more significant presence of African nationalities in non-national males, while foreign inmates tend to come from Latin American countries. Men have a lower mean age, longer admissions, and a higher readmission rate. They also suffer from more psychotic and addictive disorders. Women have a higher prevalence of personality disorders and affective symptoms. Conclusions: There are sociodemographic and clinical differences between male and female prison inmates who require admission for suicidal ideation. Including a gender perspective in studies on suicide risk in the prison population can provide a solid foundation for future studies, thus allowing a more complete understanding of suicidal ideation and intervention needs in theprison population.(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Prisoners/psychology , Gender Perspective , Self-Injurious Behavior , Suicide , Suicidal Ideation , Suicide, Attempted , Prisons , Spain , Psychiatry , Mental Health , Epidemiology, Descriptive
2.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38493071

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Hygiene in critical patients is an essential daily care, provided under safe conditions, to promote comfort and maintain the integrity of skin and mucous membranes, however, it can generate feelings of dependence and vulnerability in patients. The aim of this post hoc study is to know the differences in satisfaction and lived experience regarding bed hygiene in an intensive care unit according to biological sex and gender perspective. METHODS: Observational, descriptive and prospective study in which an ad hoc questionnaire was administered to 148 conscious and oriented patients of legal age. The questionnaire was completed 24-48 hours after admission to the unit, once the initial bed hygiene had been performed. RESULTS: Males experienced conformism (51%), embarrassment (31%) and relief (9%); Women felt conformism (35.4%), embarrassment (18.8%) and relief (29.2%) (p < 0.05). Women experienced a feeling of cleanliness in 89.1% compared to 56.1% of men (p < 0.05). Men were offered to wash their genitals in 72.9% compared to 35.7% of women (p < 0.05). 34.3% of men would prefer a family member to assist them during hygiene (62.9% by their wives), compared to 27.1% of women who would prefer a family member (84.6% by their daughters). CONCLUSION: Women tolerate bed hygiene better than men and appreciate more the feeling of cleanliness. Women are identified as caregivers, both professionally and in the family, and patients prefer them to collaborate in the performance of hygiene, being wives preferred by men and daughters preferred by women.

3.
Apuntes psicol ; 42(1): 41-48, ene. 2024.
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-229839

ABSTRACT

La violencia sexual hacia la infancia y las conductas autolesivas suicidas y no suicidas son dos problemáticas sociales y de salud que han incrementado. Las agresiones sexuales conllevan un impacto, afectando a la tendencia a realizar comportamientos autolíticos. Por ello, se pretendía estudiar la relación existente entre haber sido víctima de VSI y la probabilidad de realizar conductas autolesivas suicidas y no suicidas en adolescencia y adultez temprana. Para ello, se ha realizado una revisión sistemática, a través de las bases de datos Pubmed y PsicInfo de artículos publicados entre 2015 y 2022. Se ha hallado una relación significativa entre ambas problemáticas, observando que los intentos de suicidios de estas víctimas estaban relacionados intrínsecamente con sus experiencias de agresión. Así, se ha encontrado que variables como el género, la rumiación, la desregulación emocional, el apoyo social y las características de la agresión median la relación existente entre la violencia sexual infantil y las conductas autolíticas suicidas y no suicidas. Este tipo de investigaciones nos ayuda a establecer el foco de intervención en los casos de víctimas de agresión sexual infantil, pero debe también ayudar a dar visibilidad a la problemática e impulsar la intervención preventiva protegiendo la infancia. (AU)


Sexual violence against children and suicidal and non-suicidal self-injurious behaviors are two social and health problems that have increased. Sexual assaults have an impact, affecting the tendency to carry out autolytic behaviors. Therefore, it was intended to study the relationship between having been a victim of sexual violence in their childhood and the probability of engaging in suicidal and non-suicidal self-injurious behaviors in adolescence and early adulthood. For this, a systematic review has been carried out, through the Pubmed and PsycInfo databases of articles published between 2015 and 2022. A significant relationship has been found between both problems, observing that the suicide attempts of these victims were intrinsically related to their experiences of aggression. Thus, it has been found that variables such as gender, rumination, emotional dysregulation, social support, and characteristics of aggression mediate the relationship between sexual violence against children and suicidal and non-suicidal autolytic behaviors. This type of investigation helps us to establish the focus of intervention in the cases of victims of child sexual assault, but it should also help to give visibility to the problem and promote preventive intervention protecting children. (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Adolescent , Young Adult , Child Abuse, Sexual , Suicide, Attempted , Self-Injurious Behavior
4.
Apuntes psicol ; 42(1): 41-48, ene. 2024.
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-EMG-457

ABSTRACT

La violencia sexual hacia la infancia y las conductas autolesivas suicidas y no suicidas son dos problemáticas sociales y de salud que han incrementado. Las agresiones sexuales conllevan un impacto, afectando a la tendencia a realizar comportamientos autolíticos. Por ello, se pretendía estudiar la relación existente entre haber sido víctima de VSI y la probabilidad de realizar conductas autolesivas suicidas y no suicidas en adolescencia y adultez temprana. Para ello, se ha realizado una revisión sistemática, a través de las bases de datos Pubmed y PsicInfo de artículos publicados entre 2015 y 2022. Se ha hallado una relación significativa entre ambas problemáticas, observando que los intentos de suicidios de estas víctimas estaban relacionados intrínsecamente con sus experiencias de agresión. Así, se ha encontrado que variables como el género, la rumiación, la desregulación emocional, el apoyo social y las características de la agresión median la relación existente entre la violencia sexual infantil y las conductas autolíticas suicidas y no suicidas. Este tipo de investigaciones nos ayuda a establecer el foco de intervención en los casos de víctimas de agresión sexual infantil, pero debe también ayudar a dar visibilidad a la problemática e impulsar la intervención preventiva protegiendo la infancia. (AU)


Sexual violence against children and suicidal and non-suicidal self-injurious behaviors are two social and health problems that have increased. Sexual assaults have an impact, affecting the tendency to carry out autolytic behaviors. Therefore, it was intended to study the relationship between having been a victim of sexual violence in their childhood and the probability of engaging in suicidal and non-suicidal self-injurious behaviors in adolescence and early adulthood. For this, a systematic review has been carried out, through the Pubmed and PsycInfo databases of articles published between 2015 and 2022. A significant relationship has been found between both problems, observing that the suicide attempts of these victims were intrinsically related to their experiences of aggression. Thus, it has been found that variables such as gender, rumination, emotional dysregulation, social support, and characteristics of aggression mediate the relationship between sexual violence against children and suicidal and non-suicidal autolytic behaviors. This type of investigation helps us to establish the focus of intervention in the cases of victims of child sexual assault, but it should also help to give visibility to the problem and promote preventive intervention protecting children. (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Adolescent , Young Adult , Child Abuse, Sexual , Suicide, Attempted , Self-Injurious Behavior
5.
Rev. Esc. Enferm. USP ; 58: e20230282, 2024.
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS, BDENF - Nursing | ID: biblio-1559047

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective: To characterize and analyze violence committed against Venezuelan immigrant female sex workers, from the perspective of an intersectional look at social class, gender and race-ethnicity. Method: Exploratory study with a qualitative approach. Data sources: interviews with 15 Venezuelan immigrant women sex workers and 37 Brazilian online media reports that addressed the topic. Data were submitted to thematic content analysis, with the support of Qualitative Data Analysis (WebQDA) software. Results: Thematic analysis of data from reports and interviews allowed the emergence of three empirical categories: Structural violence and reasons that led to prostitution: a question of social class; Among the forms of violence, the most feared: physical violence; Violence based on gender and race-ethnicity. Conclusion: The study made it possible to recognize that Venezuelan immigrant women who are sex workers in Brazil are subject to different types of violence and exploitation. This scenario is due to a reality of life and work that is based on the exploitation of female workers who experience the consequences of the interweaving of subalternities characteristic of their social insertion of class, gender and race-ethnicity.


RESUMEN Objetivo: Caracterizar y analizar la violencia ejercida contra trabajadoras sexuales inmigrantes venezolanas, desde una mirada interseccional de clase social, género y raza-etnia. Método: Estudio exploratorio con enfoque cualitativo. Fuentes de datos: entrevistas con 15 trabajadoras sexuales inmigrantes venezolanas y 37 informes de medios en línea brasileños que abordaron el tema. Los datos fueron sometidos al análisis de contenido temático, con el apoyo del software Qualitative Data Analysis (WebQDA). Resultados: El análisis temático de los datos de los informes y entrevistas permitió la emergencia de tres categorías empíricas: Violencia estructural y motivos que llevaron a la prostitución: una cuestión de clase social; Entre las formas de violencia, las más temidas: la violencia física; Violencia basada en el género y la raza-etnia. Conclusión: El estudio permitió reconocer que las mujeres inmigrantes venezolanas que ejercen el trabajo sexual en Brasil están sujetas a diferentes tipos de violencia y explotación. Este escenario obedece a una realidad de vida y de trabajo que se fundamenta en la explotación de los trabajadores que experimentan las consecuencias del entrecruzamiento de subalternidades propias de su inserción social de clase, género y raza-etnia.


RESUMO Objetivo: Caracterizar e analisar violências praticadas contra mulheres imigrantes venezuelanas profissionais do sexo, na perspectiva de um olhar interseccional de classe social, gênero e raça-etnia. Método: Estudo exploratório de abordagem qualitativa. Fontes dos dados: entrevistas com 15 mulheres imigrantes venezuelanas trabalhadoras do sexo e 37 reportagens da mídia online brasileira que abordavam o tema. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de conteúdo temática, com o apoio do software Qualitative Data Analysis (WebQDA). Resultados: A análise temática dos dados das reportagens e das entrevistas permitiu a emergência de três categorias empíricas: Violência estrutural e motivos que levaram à prostituição: uma questão de classe social; Entre as violências, a mais temida: a violência física; Violências baseadas no gênero e na raça-etnia. Conclusão: O estudo permitiu reconhecer que mulheres imigrantes venezuelanas profissionais do sexo no Brasil estão sujeitas a diferentes tipos de violência e exploração. Este cenário deve-se a uma realidade de vida e trabalho que se fundamenta na exploração de trabalhadoras que vivenciam as consequências do entrelaçamento das subalternizações características da sua inserção social de classe, gênero e raça-etnia.

6.
Salud colect ; 20: 4648-4648, 2024.
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1560483

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN Las mujeres consumidoras de drogas se enfrentan a grandes desafíos en el acceso y la adherencia al tratamiento ambulatorio. Sin embargo, esta cuestión ha sido poco estudiada. El objetivo del estudio es comprender las experiencias de un grupo de mujeres en tratamiento por consumo de drogas. Entre marzo y diciembre de 2021, se realizó un estudio cualitativo fenomenológico interpretativo mediante entrevistas semiestructuradas a 16 mujeres usuarias de un centro de atención a las drogodependencias de Cataluña (España). Los datos se procesaron mediante el análisis de contenido. Los resultados indican que las mujeres, pese a percibir un impacto positivo del tratamiento, viven realidades de vulnerabilidad relacionadas con la estigmatización, la falta de apoyo social y una baja cobertura de necesidades específicas con implicaciones en el seguimiento terapéutico. Los hallazgos enfatizan la necesidad de mejorar los recursos para una atención especializada y promover una red de apoyo social donde participen activamente las mujeres consumidoras de drogas.


ABSTRACT Women drug-users face significant challenges in accessing and adhering to outpatient treatment. However, this issue has been underexplored. The study aims to understand the experiences of a group of women undergoing drug use treatment. Between March and December 2021, a qualitative phenomenological interpretative study was carried out through semi-structured interviews with 16 women attending a drug-dependence care center in Catalonia, Spain. Data were processed through content analysis. The results indicate that, despite perceiving a positive impact of the treatment, women experience vulnerabilities related to stigmatization, lack of social support, and insufficient coverage of specific needs, impacting therapeutic follow-up. The findings emphasize the need to enhance resources for specialized care and promote a social support network where women drug-users actively participate.

7.
Bauru; s.n; 2024. 23 p. tab.
Thesis in Portuguese | CONASS, Sec. Est. Saúde SP, HANSEN, Hanseníase Leprosy, SESSP-ILSLPROD, Sec. Est. Saúde SP, SESSP-ILSLACERVO, Sec. Est. Saúde SP, SESSP-ESPECIALIZACAOSESPROD, Sec. Est. Saúde SP | ID: biblio-1554125

ABSTRACT

Ao propor explorar o entrelaçamento entre a experiência da mulher e a vivência do corpo doente, pretendeu-se com essa pesquisa identificar e descrever os impactos da vivência da hanseníase na sexualidade de mulheres de modo a caracterizar os desdobramentos psicológicos e atitudinais em relação a vivência de gênero e a vida sexual. A pesquisa realizada partiu de uma abordagem qualitativa, para tanto foram entrevistadas 9 mulheres com hanseníase, maiores de 18 anos e em tratamento da doença por ao menos 2 anos. Após realizado o tratamento dos dados, o método de análise de conteúdo foi utilizado para identificar aproximações e diferenças nos discursos das participantes a partir de duas categorias: 1) Impactos da hanseníase na vivência de gênero; 2) Impactos da hanseníase na vida sexual. A análise das narrativas das participantes apontaram para impactos psicológicos relacionados a experiência de gênero como dificuldades de imagem corporal e autoestima por conta da doença e tratamento, isolamento social e dificuldade de se expor a novos contextos relacionais. Em relação à vida sexual, a análise indica maior dificuldade nas práticas sexuais e na experiência de prazer devido a diversos fatores como: baixa autoestima; a influência dos medicamentos na libido; a diminuição da sensibilidade perceptiva do toque; medo de contaminar parceiros; e dores neuropáticas durante as práticas sexuais. Destarte, a hanseníase gerou dificuldades na vivência da sexualidade das participantes e enquanto um tópico negligenciado merece mais atenção nos atendimentos multiprofissionais.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Leprosy/psychology , Gender Perspective
8.
Index enferm ; 33(1): [e14600], 2024.
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-232592

ABSTRACT

Objetivo principal: analizar cuantitativamente la producción de las tesis doctorales en materia sanitaria relacionadas con el género en España. Metodología: síntesis cuantitativa de indicadores de productividad de las tesis doctorales conseguidas en la base de datos española TESEO y defendidas en Universidades españolas entre 1976 y 2022. Los análisis empleados han sido descriptivos y el cálculo de predicción se basó en la metodología del modelo Holt-Winters. Resultados principales: el 18,75% de las tesis defendidas pertenecen a una Universidad de Madrid. El 75% de ellas son defendidas por graduados en Medicina. La temática de las tesis es en el 25% la violencia de género. El 87,5% son doctoras, pero solamente el 44% de las mujeres dirigen tesis. La predicción para los futuros 24 años indica que se generará alrededor de 1 tesis al año. Conclusión principal: la investigación española en tesis doctorales clínicas de género es escasa y masculinizada.(AU)


Main objective: to quantitatively analyze the production of gender-related doctoral theses in health in Spain. Methodology: quantitative synthesis of productivity indicators of the doctoral theses obtained in the Spanish TESEO database and defended in Spanish Universities between 1976 and 2022. The analyzes used have been descriptive and the prediction calculation was based on the methodology of the Holt- Winters. Main results: 18.75% of the theses defended belong to a University of Madrid. 75% of them are defended by graduates in Medicine. The theme of the theses is gender violence in 25%. 87.5% are doctors, but only 44% of women direct theses. The prediction for the future 24 years indicates that around 1 thesis will be generated per year. Main conclusion: Spanish research in gender clinical doctoral theses is scarce and masculinized.(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Health Sciences/education , Academic Dissertations as Topic , Gender Perspective , Sexism , Spain
9.
Cult. cuid ; 27(67): 303-320, Dic 11, 2023. tab, ilus
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-228588

ABSTRACT

Objective. To explore the discourses and opinions about the collective consumption of alcohol with a gender perspective in university students. Methodology. Qualitative descriptive study. Information was collected through discussion groups in Seville in February and March 2019. 32 first-year nursing students participated. For data analysis, the Taylor & Bogdan steps were followed and a matrix was used for the categorization process. Four groups were made, aged between 18-24 years.Results. The following categories were obtained: type and form of consumption, social roles and behaviors.Conclusions. Gender differences are reflected in the students' discourse, highlighting the dissimilarities in behavior between genders and the greater guilt suffered by women. The female gender is the most noted for exceeding the limits and the most vulnerable in nightlife. This suggests the need to generate interventions aimed at redefining the stereotypes of the patriarchal model associated with gender and alcohol consumption, in order to minimize risk behaviors in youth leisure.(AU)


Objetivo. Explorar los discursos y opiniones acerca del consumo colectivo de alcohol con perspectiva de género en jóvenes universitarios. Metodología. Estudio cualitativo descriptivo. La recogida de información se realizó mediante grupos de discusión en Sevilla en febrero y marzo de 2019. Participaron 32 estudiantes de enfermería de primer curso. Para el análisis de los datos se siguieron los pasos de Taylor & Bogdan y se utilizó una matriz para el proceso de categorización. Se hicieron cuatro grupos, de edad entre 18-24 años. Resultados. Se obtuvieron las siguientes categorías: tipología y forma de consumo, roles sociales y conductas. Conclusiones. Las diferencias de género quedan plasmadas en el discurso del alumnado, destacando las disimilitudes de conducta entre géneros y la mayor culpabilidad que sufren las mujeres. El género femenino es el más señalado al exceder los límites y el más vulnerable en el ocio nocturno. Esto sugiere la necesidad de generar intervenciones orientadas a resignificar los estereotipos del modelo patriarcal asociados al género y al consumo de alcohol, para minimizar conductas de riesgo en el ocio juvenil.(AU)


Objetivo. Explorar os discursos e opiniões sobre o consumo coletivo de álcool com perspectiva de gênero em estudantes universitários. Metodologia. Estudo descritivo qualitativo. As informações foram coletadas por meio de grupos de discussão em Sevilha em fevereiro e março de 2019. Participaram 32 estudantes de enfermagem do primeiro ano. Para análise dos dados, seguiramse os passos de Taylor & Bogdan e utilizouse uma matriz para o processo de categorização. Foram constituídos quatro grupos, com idades compreendidas entre os 18 e os 24 anos. Resultados. Obtiveramse as seguintes categorias: tipo e forma de consumo, papéis sociais e comportamentos.Conclusões. As diferenças de gênero se refletem no discurso dos alunos, destacandose as diferenças de comportamento entre os gêneros e a maior culpa sofrida pelas mulheres. O gênero feminino é o mais destacado por ultrapassar os limites e o mais vulnerável na vida noturna. Isso sugere a necessidade de gerar intervenções que visem a redefinição dos estereótipos do modelo patriarcal associados ao gênero e ao consumo de álcool, a fim de minimizar comportamentos de risco no lazer juvenil.(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Gender Perspective , Alcohol Drinking/prevention & control , Adolescent Behavior , Alcohol Drinking in College , Alcoholism , Qualitative Research , Adolescent Health , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Spain
10.
Aten. prim. (Barc., Ed. impr.) ; 55(9): 102682, Sept. 2023. tab, ilus, graf
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-224792

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Conocer la prevalencia de retinopatía diabética en una zona básica de salud rural, clasificándola según tipo y grado de severidad y conocer su relación con la presencia de otros factores de riesgo cardiovascular y con el sexo. Diseño: Estudio descriptivo transversal o de prevalencia. Emplazamiento: Zona básica de salud rural en España. Nivel de atención primaria. Participantes: Quinientos pacientes diabéticos mayores de 18 años. Mediciones principales: Estudio de la retina mediante retinografía bajo midriasis, según protocolo de la Joslin Vision Network, incorporando un centro de lectura para diagnóstico. Correlación de la existencia y gravedad de la retinopatía con los factores de riesgo cardiovascular –tabaquismo, hipertensión e hiperlipemia– y las características de la diabetes –tipo, tiempo de evolución, tratamiento, control metabólico y función renal–Resultados: Prevalencia encontrada del 16,4%, sin diferencias significativas entre sexos. Las variables tabaquismo e hipertensión estaban relacionadas con la existencia de retinopatía y la variable años de evolución de la diabetes con su existencia y su gravedad. El 9,6% de las personas afectadas fueron derivadas a oftalmología con carácter preferente, por retinopatía amenazante para la visión y el 6,8% de las personas estudiadas fueron derivadas por otras patologías oftalmológicas. Conclusiones: Es posible el seguimiento oftalmológico del 82% de la población diabética en atención primaria, implicando a sus profesionales y trabajando en equipo con el servicio de oftalmología. Es fundamental considerar esta enfermedad en el contexto global de la persona con diabetes, relacionándola con las otras complicaciones microvasculares y la enfermedad cardiovascular.(AU)


Objective: To investigate the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy in a rural health basic area, and to establish the type, the severity degree and the relationship with sex and with another cardiovascular risk factors. Design: Cross-sectional or prevalence descriptive study. Location: Rural health basic area in Spain. Primary health care level. Participants: 500 patients over 18 years old with diabetes. Main measurements: Study of the retina through retinography under mydriasis, according to the Joslin Vision Network protocol, with the incorporation of a diagnostic reading center. Correlation of the existence and severity of the retinopathy with the cardiovascular risk factors –smoking, hypertension and hyperlipidemia– and the characteristics of the diabetes –type, evolution time, treatment, metabolic control and renal function–.Results: The findings showed a 16.4% prevalence, with no significant differences between both sexes. The variables smoking and high blood pressure were related to the existence of retinopathy, and the variable years of diabetes evolution was correlated to both the existence and the severity of the retinopathy. In the study, 9.6% of the affected people were preferentially referred to the ophthalmologists because of sight-threatening retinopathy, and 6.8% of the people studied were referred due to other ophthalmological pathologies. Conclusions: It is possible to do the ophthalmological follow-up of 82% of the population with diabetes in primary health care, involving its professionals and team-working with the ophthalmologists. It is paramount to consider diabetic retinopathy within the global context of the person with diabetes, relating diabetic retinopathy with the other microvascular complications and cardiovascular diseases.(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Rural Health , Diabetic Retinopathy , Teleophthalmology , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications , Mass Screening , Gender Perspective , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Cross-Sectional Studies , Prevalence , Spain , Primary Health Care , Risk Factors
11.
Aten Primaria ; 55(9): 102682, 2023 09.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37315426

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy in a rural health basic area, and to establish the type, the severity degree and the relationship with sex and with another cardiovascular risk factors. DESIGN: Cross-sectional or prevalence descriptive study. LOCATION: Rural health basic area in Spain. Primary health care level. PARTICIPANTS: 500 patients over 18 years old with diabetes. MAIN MEASUREMENTS: Study of the retina through retinography under mydriasis, according to the Joslin Vision Network protocol, with the incorporation of a diagnostic reading center. Correlation of the existence and severity of the retinopathy with the cardiovascular risk factors -smoking, hypertension and hyperlipidemia- and the characteristics of the diabetes -type, evolution time, treatment, metabolic control and renal function-. RESULTS: The findings showed a 16.4% prevalence, with no significant differences between both sexes. The variables smoking and high blood pressure were related to the existence of retinopathy, and the variable years of diabetes evolution was correlated to both the existence and the severity of the retinopathy. In the study, 9.6% of the affected people were preferentially referred to the ophthalmologists because of sight-threatening retinopathy, and 6.8% of the people studied were referred due to other ophthalmological pathologies. CONCLUSIONS: It is possible to do the ophthalmological follow-up of 82% of the population with diabetes in primary health care, involving its professionals and team-working with the ophthalmologists. It is paramount to consider diabetic retinopathy within the global context of the person with diabetes, relating diabetic retinopathy with the other microvascular complications and cardiovascular diseases.


Subject(s)
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 , Diabetic Retinopathy , Ophthalmology , Telemedicine , Female , Humans , Male , Cross-Sectional Studies , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications , Diabetic Retinopathy/diagnosis , Diabetic Retinopathy/epidemiology , Mass Screening/methods , Prevalence , Rural Health , Adult
12.
Asclepio ; 75(1): e07, Jun 30, 2023.
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-222240

ABSTRACT

El artículo analiza la representación de la relación médico-paciente en artículos publicados en el periódico ABC y explora la producción de significados de género del encuentro terapéutico durante los años ochenta, una etapa de renovación y cambios estructurales en la asistencia sanitaria española. El análisis histórico del discurso periodístico en ABC reveló la proyección social de una relación médico-paciente como acto humanitario y de amor, según los testimonios de los médicos que contribuyeron al debate en este medio y que, con frecuencia, mostraron su resistencia ante la reforma sanitaria y la preocupación por los cambios estructurales, así como por la organización y calidad de la asistencia. La crítica a la desnaturalización y burocratización de la relación médico-paciente fue secundada, a partir de 1984, por pacientes y periodismo especializado. Sus opiniones contrarias a la Ley de Sanidad de 1986 se agudizaron ante el amparo que la norma daba a los derechos de los pacientes. Las líneas discursivas conservadoras del ABC reflejaron la resistencia simbólica ante la reforma sanitaria, la moralización de la salud-enfermedad, la hegemonía de la profesionalización médica masculina y la invisibilización y subalternidad de las mujeres sanitarias.(AU)


The article analyzes the representation of the doctor-patient relationship in articles published in ABC newspaper and explores the production of gender meanings of the therapeutic encounter during the eighties, a period of renewal and structural changes in Spanish health care. The historical analysis of ABC journalistic discourse revealed the social projection of a doctor-patient relationship as a humanitarian act of love, according to the testimonies of the doctors. They frequently showed their resistance to health reform and concern for the changes in structural reorganization and quality of care. From 1984, patients and some journalists also criticize the bureaucratization of the doctor-patient relationship. The protection that the 1986 Health Law gave to the patients’ rights increased published opinions against the Health Law. The conservative discursive lines of the ABC reflected the symbolic resistance to health reform, the moralization of health-disease, the hegemony of male medical professionalization and the invisibility and subalternity of female health workers.(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Physician-Patient Relations , History, 20th Century , Democracy , Quality of Health Care , Health Systems , Spain , History of Medicine
13.
Cult. cuid ; 27(66): 98-117, Juli 25, 2023. ilus
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-224024

ABSTRACT

In this proposal we present a feminist critical analysis of the importance that nurses haveplayed, being the life story of the nurse Águeda Medina Soto an example of her relevance in Jaén.In this sense, the methodology that facilitates the study of our recent past is life history, this beingpart of a critical-reflective intergenerational analysis, establishing cause-effect between personal experiences, society and Nursing. In addition, linking it with the gender perspective, it provides uswith another necessary analysis to reflect on how society was formed, the access and limitationsthat were presented to women of the time for incorporation into the nursing branch, in addition tothe difference structural and recognition of sex-gender roles between women and men who exercised these trades (nurses and interns respectively). The results obtained show the usefulness offered by the life history, to make visible the differences both structural, academic and sex-genderdifferentiated practices associated with nurses and practitioners. In turn, make visible the socialrelevance of nurses within the health field in the culture of care, through the case of nurse Águeda.(AU)


En esta propuesta presentamos un análisis crítico feminista de la importancia que hanjugado las enfermeras, siendo la historia de vida de la enfermera Águeda Medina Soto un ejemplo de su relevancia en Jaén. En este sentido, la metodología que nos facilita el estudio de nuestro pasado reciente es la historia de vida, siendo esta, parte de un análisis intergeneracional crítico-reflexivo, estableciendo causa-efecto entre las experiencias personales, la sociedad y la Enfermería. Además, enlazándolo con la perspectiva de género, nos presta otro un necesario análisis para reflexionarsobre cómo se conformaba la sociedad, el acceso y limitaciones que se presentaban a las mujeres dela época para la incorporación en la rama de enfermería, además de la diferencia estructural y dereconocimiento de los roles sexo-genéricas entre las mujeres y hombres que ejercían dichos oficios(enfermeras y practicantes respectivamente). Los resultados obtenidos muestran la utilidad queofrece la historia de vida, para visibilizar las diferencias tanto estructurales, académicas y prácticasdiferenciadas sexo-genéricas asociadas a las enfermeras y los practicantes. A su vez, visibilizar larelevancia social de las enfermeras dentro del ámbito sanitario en la cultura de los cuidados, a travésdel caso de la enfermera Águeda.(AU)


Nesta proposta apresentamos uma análise crítica feminista da importância que os enfermeiros têm desempenhado, sendo a história de vida da enfermeira Águeda Medina Soto um exemplo da sua relevância em Jaén. Nesse sentido, a metodologia que facilita o estudo do nosso passadorecente é a história de vida, fazendo parte de uma análise intergeracional crítico-reflexiva, estabelecendo causa-efeito entre experiências pessoais, sociedade e Enfermagem. Além disso, articulando-acom a perspectiva de gênero, nos fornece mais uma análise necessária para refletir sobre como seformou a sociedade, os acessos e limitações que se apresentavam às mulheres da época para incorporação ao ramo da enfermagem, além da diferença estrutural e reconhecimento dos papéis sexogênero entre mulheres e homens que exerciam esses ofícios (enfermeiros e estagiários, respectivamente). Os resultados obtidos mostram a utilidade oferecida pela história de vida, para tornar visíveis as diferenças estruturais, acadêmicas e práticas diferenciadas de gênero associadas a enfermeiros e profissionais. Por sua vez, visibilizar a relevância social dos enfermeiros da área da saúde nacultura do cuidado, através do caso da enfermeira Águeda.(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Schools, Nursing , Students, Nursing/history , Feminism , Nurse's Role , Interpersonal Relations , Gender Perspective , Nursing , Education, Nursing, Baccalaureate , History of Nursing , Spain
14.
Rev. bras. ativ. fís. saúde ; 28: 1-7, mar. 2023. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1427583

ABSTRACT

O objetivo foi verificar o acesso às práticas corporais/atividade física (PCAF) ao longo da vida de idosas aposentadas participantes de um grupo de PCAF. Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo com 16 mulheres idosas com idade entre 65 a 75 anos, selecionadas por conveniência, participantes de um grupo de PCAF de uma Unidade Básica de Saúde de Londrina, Paraná. As informações foram coletadas a partir de entrevistas com roteiro semiestruturado, conduzidas individualmente pelo profissional responsável pelo grupo. Os dados foram analisados por elementos da análise de conteúdo pelo sistema de categorias. Três categorias de análise foram consideradas: infância/adolescência; idade adulta; e terceira idade. Na infância/adolescência as mulheres relataram que não tiveram incentivo de seus pais, bem como não tiveram educação física na escola. Na fase adulta, a falta de tempo e de incentivo dos parceiros, além do desconhecimento de atividades ofertadas foram relatadas pelas mulheres. Somente a partir da terceira idade, especialmente após a aposentadoria, com a melhora da condição financeira e com o fato de terem maior tempo livre, as mulheres indicaram uma melhora no acesso, inclusive com a possibilidade da participação no grupo de PCAF. Em geral os resultados revelaram a dificuldade do acesso dessas mulheres às PCAF ao longo de suas vidas e reforçam a importância de ações e políticas públicas que busquem aumentar o incentivo e o acesso as PCAF ao longo da vida das mulheres


The objective was to verify the access to body practices/physical activity (BPPA) throughout the life of retired elderly women participating in a group of BPPA. This is a qualitative study with 16 elderly women aged between 65 and 75 years, selected for convenience, participants of a PCAF group at a Public Health Centre in Londrina, Brazil. The information was collected from interviews with a semi-structured script, which were conducted individually by the professional responsible for the group and analyzed from the content analysis by the category system. Three analysis categories were considered: childhood/adolescence; adulthood; and Old age. In childhood/adolescence, the women reported that they had no encouragement from their parents and had no physical education at school. In adulthood, lack of time and lack of encouragement from partners, in addition to the lack of knowledge of activities offered, were reported by women. Only from old age, especially after retirement, with the improvement of the financial condition and the fact of having more free time, the women indicated an improvement in the access to physical activity, including the possibility of participating in the PCAF group. In general, the results revealed the difficulty of these women's access to PCAF throughout their lives and reinforce the importance of public actions and policies that seek to increase incentives and access to PCAF throughout women's lives


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Aged , Exercise , Health Behavior , Women's Health , Physical Education and Training , Sports , Gender Perspective
15.
Ciênc. Saúde Colet. (Impr.) ; 28(1): 23-36, jan. 2023. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1421135

ABSTRACT

Resumo A violência letal contra a mulher é um fenômeno complexo e multidimensional no qual interseccionam e confluem um amplo número de fatores para que aconteça um feminicídio em um momento e lugar específico. Identificaram-se os principais fatores que contribuíram na ocorrência de feminicídios na cidade de Campinas no período de janeiro de 2018 a dezembro de 2019. Foram feitas entrevistas com membros da família, amigos, vizinhos, testemunhas e agentes de saúde sobre 24 casos de feminicídio utilizando a técnica da autópsia verbal. As autópsias foram complementadas, quando possível, com informações veiculadas na mídia e informes de autópsia clínica. Para o processo de análise de dados, foram realizadas narrativas dos casos resgatando os aspectos mais importantes das autópsias verbais e organizando os fatores encontrados nos quatro níveis do modelo ecológico da violência utilizado pela Organização Mundial da Saúde: individual, relacional, comunitário e social. Estruturou-se a análise em categorias seguindo uma abordagem dedutiva. Partindo de casos particulares delimitados no tempo (2018 e 2019) e no espaço (a cidade de Campinas), espera-se compreender o fenômeno da violência letal contra as mulheres em sua dimensão mais ampla.


Abstract Lethal violence against women is a complex and multidimensional phenomenon in which a wide number of factors intersect and converge to make a femicide happen at a specific time and place. The main factors that contributed to the occurrence of femicides in the city of Campinas were identified from January 2018 to December 2019. Interviews were conducted with family members, friends, neighbors, witnesses, and health agents about 24 femicides using the verbal autopsy technique. The autopsies were supplemented, when possible, with information from the media and clinical autopsy reports. For the data analysis process, narratives of the cases were carried out, recovering the most important aspects of the verbal autopsies and organizing the factors found in the four levels of the ecological model of violence used by the World Health Organization: individual, relational, community, and social. The analysis was structured in categories following a deductive approach. Starting from particular cases delimited in time (2018 and 2019) and in space (municipality of Campinas) it is expected to understand the phenomenon of femicide in its broadest dimension.

16.
Horiz. enferm ; 34(1): 155-171, 2023.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1427994

ABSTRACT

El trato digno, igualitario e inclusivo se ha constituido en un fenómeno de estudio en el contexto de la atención sanitaria, pero su abordaje es aún limitado frente al desconocimiento respecto al tema por parte del equipo de salud hacia las personas de la comunidad de la diversidad sexual, hoy conocida con la sigla que les representa como LGBTIQA+, quienes están inmersos fundamentalmente, en una sociedad heteronormada, donde la formación profesional con enfoque de género y diversidad sexual es aún limitada. El objetivo de la argumentación del escrito es presentar algunas referencias conceptuales, derechos legales, consecuencias para la salud que fundamentan una propuesta para el cambio de las instituciones de salud y de las enfermeras y enfermeros que iluminen el derecho de las personas de esta comunidad a recibir un trato digno.


Dignified, equal and inclusive treatment has become a study phenomenon in the context of health care, but its approach is still limited due to the lack of knowledge on the subject by the health team towards people from the diversity sexual, today known by the acronym that represents them as LGBTIQA+, who are fundamentally immersed in a heteronormative society, where professional training with a gender and sexual diversity approach is still limited. The objective of the argumentation of the writing is to present some conceptual references, legal rights, health consequences that support a proposal for the change of the health institutions and of the nurses that illuminate the right of people in this community to receive a decent deal.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Nursing , Delivery of Health Care , Respect , Human Rights , Nursing Care , Nurse's Role , Education, Nursing/trends , Sexism/prevention & control , Language , Nurses
17.
Saúde Soc ; 32(1): e220605es, 2023. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1442160

ABSTRACT

Resumen En este artículo proponemos visibilizar las estrategias de vinculación comunitaria de trabajadores/as de salud pública relativas a la producción del cuidado en el contexto crítico de la pandemia de la covid-19, signado por la profundización de la pobreza, la restricción de los servicios de salud y las tensiones del sistema sanitario en Argentina. Con un diseño metodológico cualitativo y enfoque etnográfico, entrevistamos a trabajadoras/es de distintas disciplinas, ocupaciones y géneros que se desempeñan en centros de salud y hospitales públicos en Mar del Plata y zonas rurales circundantes, entre los meses de marzo y diciembre de 2021. A partir de sus narrativas, analizamos las dimensiones de acceso a la alimentación, medicación y terapias holísticas, las dificultades encontradas y su contribución a la producción social del cuidado en salud. Concluimos que las estrategias generadas conllevan el potencial instituyente para la reorientación de los servicios públicos de salud de acuerdo con los desafíos del derecho a la salud desde la perspectiva de género y derechos en el tránsito a la postpandemia.


Abstract In this article we propose to make visible the strategies of community engagement of public health workers related to the production of care in the critical context of the covid-19 pandemic, marked by the deepening of poverty, the restriction of health services and the tensions of the health system in Argentina. With a qualitative methodological design and ethnographic approach, we interviewed workers from different disciplines, occupations and genders, who work in health centers and public hospitals in Mar del Plata and surrounding rural areas, between the months of March and December 2021. Based on their narratives, we analyze the dimensions of access to food, medication and holistic therapies, the difficulties encountered and their contribution to the social production of health care. We conclude that the strategies generated carry the instituting potential for the reorientation of public health services in accordance with the challenges of the right to health from the perspective of gender and rights in the transition to the post-pandemic.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Public Health , Health Strategies , Social Participation , COVID-19 , Health Personnel , Health Services Accessibility
18.
Cad. Bras. Ter. Ocup ; 31: e3390, 2023. graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS-Express | LILACS, Index Psychology - journals | ID: biblio-1447741

ABSTRACT

Resumo Este artigo trata do relato de experiência do projeto de extensão ResisTO em parceria com uma política pública municipal numa capital do nordeste voltada à população dissidente de gêneros e sexualidades. O relato está organizado em três partes: na primeira parte, o projeto de extensão é apresentado e contextualizado; na segunda parte, discute-se a terapia ocupacional social, seu histórico e a aproximação com as discussões sobre gêneros e sexualidades; a terceira parte contém a trajetória das ações desenvolvidas e as parcerias realizadas ao longo dos seis anos de existência do projeto, elencando e refletindo sobre os principais desafios e a potencialidade do trabalho desenvolvido. O projeto tem se dedicado a ações e reflexões que tomam como base a análise dos marcadores sociais da diferença — em especial, gêneros e sexualidades — e da interseccionalidade. Ancora-se também no referencial teórico-metodológico da terapia ocupacional social e nas políticas públicas voltadas à população LGBTQIAP+. Ao longo dos seis anos de execução do projeto, por meio de diferentes ações, foi possível promover o acesso a um conhecimento democrático problematizando a essencialização das diferenças e desigualdades, buscando formas para uma convivência pautada no respeito e na solidariedade, produzindo estratégias que respondem às necessidades dos sujeitos - individuais e coletivos, visando construir e ampliar os direitos sociais e produzindo reflexões e ações democráticas.


Abstract This study addresses the experience report of the ResisTO university extension project in partnership with a municipal public policy in a state capital in northeastern Brazil aimed at the gender and sexuality dissenting population. The report is organized into three parts: in the first part, the extension project is presented and contextualized; the second part discusses social occupational therapy, its history, and the approach to debates on gender and sexualities; the third part presents the trajectory of the actions developed and the partnerships carried out over the six years of the project's existence, listing and reflecting on the main challenges and the potential of the work developed. The project has been dedicated to actions and reflections that are based on the analysis of social markers of difference—especially, genders and sexualities—and intersectionality. It is also anchored in the theoretical-methodological framework of social occupational therapy and public policies aimed at the LGBTQIAP+ population. Over six years of project execution, through different actions, it was possible to promote access to democratic knowledge questioning the essentialization of differences and inequalities, seek ways of living together based on respect and solidarity, produce strategies that respond to the individual and collective needs of subjects, aiming to build and expand social rights and producing reflections and democratic actions.

19.
Gerokomos (Madr., Ed. impr.) ; 33(4): 219-224, dic. 2022. tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-220309

ABSTRACT

Objetivos: Conocer las estrategias profesionales utilizadas para lapromoción y adherencia de la práctica de actividad física entre lasmujeres mayores. Metodología: Estudio cualitativo con enfoquesociocrítico feminista y perspectiva de género mediante 3 grupos focales y2 entrevistas en profundidad. Participaron 26 profesionales del ámbito deatención primaria y monitores de actividades físicas (el 54% enfermeras).Análisis interpretativo de contenido y uso del programa informáticoMAXQDA-18. Resultados: Surgieron 2 categorías y 7 subcategorías.Los/las profesionales definieron el vínculo que existe entre la actividadfísica y las mujeres mayores a partir de los estereotipos de géneroque perciben que se han ido construyendo histórica y culturalmentealrededor de ellas, centrados principalmente en el rol de cuidadoras y enla identidad social entre iguales. Utilizan estrategias para incentivar lapráctica de actividad física basadas en la comunicación, experimentación,personalización, fortalecimiento de redes comunitarias y suempoderamiento. Conclusiones: Las mujeres mayores actuales presentanun vínculo con la actividad física marcado por estereotipos de génerotradicionales más alejados de beneficios físicos, pero cercanos a interesessociales y de identidad. Los/las participantes se apoyan en las experienciasde estas mujeres para la toma de conciencia de su autocuidado a travésde la actividad física y de la socialización. Estos hallazgos, que relacionanla actividad física con los estereotipos femeninos de socialización entreiguales, así como la responsabilidad y cuidado de su propia salud, sonlos que pueden ayudar a los/las profesionales a conseguir la satisfacción yadherencia en las mujeres mayores con la práctica. (AU)


Objectives: To understand the professional strategies usedto promote and adherence to the physical activity practiceamong older women. Methodology: Qualitative study witha feminist socio-critical approach and gender perspectivethrough three focus groups and two in-depth interviews.Twenty-six primary care professionals and fitness instructorparticipated (54% nurses). Interpretative content analysis anduse of the MAXQDA-18 software. Results: Two categoriesand seven subcategories emerged. Professionals defined thelink between physical activity and older women based on thegender stereotypes they perceived to have been historicallyand culturally constructed focusing mainly on the role ofcaregivers and social identity among equals. They use strategiesto encourage physical activity practice based on communication,experimentation, personalisation, enhancing communitynetworks and their empowerment. Conclusions: Currentolder women present a link with physical activity markedby traditional gender stereotypes that are more distant fromphysical benefits but closer to social and identity interests.Participants draw on these women’s experiences of self-careawareness through physical activity and socialisation. Thesefindings, which link physical activity with female stereotypesof peer socialisation as well as responsibility and care for one’sown health, can help practitioners to achieve older women’ssatisfaction and adherence with the practice. (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Primary Health Care , Focus Groups , Health Promotion , Motor Activity , Qualitative Research
20.
Gac. sanit. (Barc., Ed. impr.) ; 36(4): 384-387, jul.-ago. 2022. tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-212558

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Analizar la desagregación por sexo y la disponibilidad de indicadores de género en los informes de la Red Nacional de Vigilancia Epidemiológica (RENAVE) y el Estudio Nacional de Sero-Epidemiología (ENE-COVID-19). Método: Revisión por pares de los indicadores disponibles en 72 informes de la RENAVE y cuatro rondas del estudio ENE-COVID-19 para calcular el porcentaje de los desagregados por sexo y su variación temporal. Resultados: En marzo de 2021, el 52,4% de los indicadores RENAVE estaban desagregados por sexo. Desde julio de 2020, el 54% de los indicadores desagregados dejaron de publicarse y el 23% perdieron su desagregación. En el estudio ENE-COVID-19, la primera ronda incorporó el 88,23% de los indicadores desagregados y la 4ª el 94,74%. La 2ª y 3ª no desagregan por sexo. Conclusiones: Los informes RENAVE no permiten un análisis con perspectiva de género, y el estudio ENE-COVID-19 es el que más información aporta sobre determinantes sociales. (AU)


Objective: To analyse the sex disaggregation and availability of gender indicators in the reports of the National Epidemiological Surveillance Network (RENAVE) and the National Study of Sero-Epidemiology (ENE-COVID-19). Method: Peer review of indicators available in 72 RENAVE reports and 4 rounds of the ENE-COVID-19 study to calculate the percentage of those disaggregated by sex and their variation over time. Results: In March 2021, 52.4% of RENAVE indicators were disaggregated by sex. From July 2020, 54% of disaggregated indicators ceased to be published and 23% lost their disaggregation. In the ENE-COVID-19 study, the 1st round 88,23% of the indicators are disaggregated and the 4th round 94,74%. The 2nd and 3rd round do not disaggregated by sex. Conclusions: The RENAVE reports do not allow for a gender-sensitive analysis while the ENE-COVID-19 study provides the most information on social determinants. (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Pandemics , Coronavirus Infections/epidemiology , Gender Perspective , Spain , 34628 , Social Determinants of Health
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