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1.
Medisan ; 27(5)oct. 2023. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-1529003

ABSTRACT

Introducción: La rehabilitación cardiaca en pacientes con prótesis valvular es esencial para aumentar su sobrevida e incorporarlos óptimamente a la sociedad. Objetivo: Caracterizar a pacientes con prótesis valvular mecánica y rehabilitación cardiovascular. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo, de serie de casos, de 70 pacientes con prótesis valvular mecánica, admitidos en el programa de rehabilitación cardiovascular del Hospital General Universitario Vladimir Ilich Lenin de la provincia de Holguín, desde marzo del 2019 hasta noviembre del 2022. Resultados: Predominaron los pacientes de 55 a 64 años de edad (38,6 %), con prótesis en posición mitral, sin complicaciones. En los sujetos rehabilitados se observó una reducción de la media de hipercolesterolemia (de 250 a 175 mg/dL) y un aumento de la capacidad funcional por la duración del ejercicio, así como de las unidades metabólicas consumidas. La media de la función ventricular izquierda tras la terapia rehabilitadora se incrementó de 52,4 a 58,2 %. Solo 2 afectados necesitaron rehospitalización e incorporar más fármacos a su tratamiento basal y 50 retornaron a sus actividades laborales. El resultado fue satisfactorio en 97,1 % de los integrantes de la serie. Conclusiones: Esta terapia resultó beneficiosa, pues se incrementó la capacidad funcional de los pacientes y fueron pocas las complicaciones. Los factores de riesgo coronarios estuvieron controlados, se redujo la rehospitalización y aumentó la reincorporación laboral.


Introduction: Heart rehabilitation in patients with valvular prosthesis is essential to increase their survival and incorporate them optimally to the society. Objective: To characterize patients with mechanical valvular prosthesis and cardiovascular rehabilitation. Methods: An observational, descriptive, serial cases study of 70 patients with mechanical valvular prosthesis was carried out, who were admitted to the program of cardiovascular rehabilitation of Vladimir Ilich Lenin University General Hospital in Holguín province, from March, 2019 to November, 2022. Results: There was a prevalence of 55 to 64 years patients (38.6%), with prosthesis in mitral position, without complications. In the rehabilitated patients a reduction of the mean in hypercholesterolemia was observed (from 250 to 175 mg/dL) and an increase of the functional capacity due to the duration of exercise, as well as of the consumed metabolic units. There was an increase from 52.4 to 58.2% in the mean of the left ventricular function after the rehabilitative therapy. Only 2 affected patients needed rehospitalization and to incorporate more medication to their basal treatment and 50 returned to their working activities. The result was satisfactory in 97.1% of the series members. Conclusions: This therapy was beneficial, because there was an increase of the functional capacity of patients and complications were not very common. The coronary risk factors were controlled; there was a reduction of rehospitalization and an increase of working reincorporation.

2.
Rev. urug. cardiol ; 38(1): e404, 2023. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS, BNUY, UY-BNMED | ID: biblio-1450411

ABSTRACT

La enfermedad valvular cardíaca es una condición muy frecuente en la población general y un porcentaje considerable de estos pacientes requieren un tratamiento intervencionista sobre su valvulopatía para lograr atenuar su evolución natural. En este contexto, en la actualidad ha aumentado el uso de las prótesis valvulares biológicas para su tratamiento y, con ello, surge el dilema del manejo antitrombótico en estos pacientes en términos de prevención de tromboembolias y eventos hemorrágicos. ¿Cuál es el fármaco más efectivo y seguro en el período posoperatorio temprano? ¿Qué antitrombóticos podemos utilizar en el período posoperatorio tardío? ¿Qué estrategia seguimos cuando el paciente presenta otras indicaciones de anticoagulación? El objetivo de esta revisión es valorar la evidencia actual respecto al tratamiento antitrombótico en pacientes portadores de prótesis valvulares biológicas con y sin indicaciones adicionales de anticoagulación.


Heart valve disease is a very common condition in the general population and a considerable percentage of these patients require interventional treatment for their valve disease to mitigate its natural evolution. In this context, the use of biological prosthetic valves for their treatment has now increased, and with this, the dilemma of antithrombotic management in these patients arises, in terms of prevention of thromboembolism and hemorrhagic events. What is the most effective and safe drug in the early postoperative period? What antithrombotics can we use in the late postoperative period? What strategy do we follow when the patient presents other indications for anticoagulation? The objective of this review is to assess the current evidence regarding antithrombotic treatment in patients with biological prosthetic valves with and without additional indications for anticoagulation.


A valvopatia é uma condição muito comum na população geral e uma porcentagem considerável desses pacientes necessita de tratamento intervencionista para sua valvopatia para amenizar sua evolução natural. Nesse contexto, o uso de próteses valvares biológicas para seu tratamento tem aumentado, e com isso surge o dilema do manejo antitrombótico nesses pacientes em termos de prevenção de tromboembolismo e eventos hemorrágicos. Qual é o fármaco mais eficaz e seguro no pós-operatório imediato? Que antitrombóticos podemos usar no pós-operatório tardio? Que estratégia seguimos quando o paciente apresenta outras indicações de anticoagulação? O objetivo desta revisão é avaliar as evidências atuais sobre o tratamento antitrombótico em pacientes com próteses valvares biológicas com e sem indicações adicionais de anticoagulação.


Subject(s)
Humans , Thromboembolism/drug therapy , Bioprosthesis , Heart Valve Prosthesis , Fibrinolytic Agents/therapeutic use , Postoperative Complications , Postoperative Hemorrhage/drug therapy
3.
Rev. colomb. cardiol ; 29(4): 449-456, jul.-ago. 2022. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1408006

ABSTRACT

Resumen Introducción: la válvula St. Jude Trifecta® es una bioprótesis diseñada para implante en posición aórtica supraanular. Objetivo: Evaluar el comportamiento hemodinámico de la válvula y el estadio clínico de los pacientes, entre 3 a 72 meses luego del implante. Materiales y método: Estudio de cohorte en el que se incluyeron pacientes mayores de 18 años, llevados a cambio valvular aórtico en quienes se implantó una bioprótesis St. Jude Trifecta® entre marzo de 2012 a diciembre de 2018, y se hizo un seguimiento mediante evaluación clínica y ecocardiográfica desde tres meses hasta seis años posquirúrgicos. Resultados: Se incluyeron 165 pacientes, 53.3% hombres. Edad promedio 69.6 años (30-90). El 66.7% con estenosis valvular aórtica y el 21.2% con insuficiencia. El promedio de EuroSCORE II fue 4.18 (0.56-24.35). En el preoperatorio, 60.6%, 29.6% y 9.69% de los pacientes se encontraban en clase funcional NYHA II, III y IV, respectivamente. Luego del implante, el promedio de área del orificio efectivo indexado fue 1.025 cm2/m2 para bioprótesis N.o 19 1.089cm2/m2, 1.085 cm2/m2 y 1.069 cm2/m2 para prótesis N.o 21, 23 y 25, respectivamente. El gradiente medio transvalvular en el posoperatorio inmediato (en sala de cirugía) fue 3.08 mmHg. Durante el seguimiento ecocardiográfico a 3, 6, 12, 24, 36 y 72 meses, el gradiente medio fue de 4.2, 5.7, 6.3, 7.1, 8.3 y 9.1 mmHg, respectivamente. La mortalidad quirúrgica fue del 2.42%. Ningún paciente presentó desproporción prótesis-paciente, accidente cerebrovascular o endocarditis. Durante el tiempo del estudio ninguno ha requerido reintervención por deterioro valvular estructural. Al seguimiento, 83.6% se encontraron en NYHA I. Conclusión: En el grupo estudiado, el reemplazo valvular aórtico con bioprótesis St. Jude Trifecta® demostró excelentes resultados clínicos (NYHA I, 83%) y hemodinámicos (no reoperación por deterioro valvular estructural, bajos gradientes transvalvulares y adecuado orificio efectivo indexado), durante el tiempo de evaluación clínica y ecocardiográfica (3 a 72 meses).


Abstract Background: The St. Jude Trifecta™ valve is a latest generation bioprosthetic designed for supra annular aortic placement. The study main objective is the evaluation of the hemodynamic valve performance and the 3 to 72 months post implantation clinical status of the patients. Method and materials: Cohort study on patients older than 18 years, undergoing aortic valve replacement with St. Jude Trifecta™biological valve prosthesis between march 2012 and december 2018. The follow up was made by clinical evaluation and serial echocardiogram from 3 months to 6 years after surgery. Results: 165 patients where included, 53.3% male. Mean age 69.6 years (30-90). The main indication for valve replacement was aortic stenosis (66.7%). Mean EuroSCORE II was 4.18 (0.56-24.35). Preoperative 60.6%, 29.6% and 9.69% of patients where in New York Heart Association functional class (NYHA) II, III and IV respectively. After the surgery, the mean effective orifice area index (IEOA) was 1.025 cm2/m2 for prosthesis N.o 19; 1.089cm2/m2 (prosthesis 21); 1.085 cm2/m2 (prosthesis 23) and 1.069 cm2/m2 (prosthesis 25). The mean transvalvular gradient was 3.08 mmHg at the immediate posoperative period, and the mean gradient at 3,6,12,24,36 and 72 months was 4.2, 5.7, 6.3, 7.1, 8.3 and 9.1 mmHg, respectively. 30 days mortality was 2.42%. None of the patients have a posoperative patient-prosthesis mismatch (PPM), neither thromboembolic events or endocarditis. There is no patients with re-operation for structural valve deterioration. After follow up, 83.6% of the patients are in NYHA I functional class. Conclusion: In this Study group, St. Jude Trifecta™ valve for aortic valve replacement provides excellent clinical (NYHA I, 83%) and hemodynamic outcomes (demostrated by no patients with re-operation for structural valve deterioration, a low post operative transvalvular gradients; IEOA that avoid PPM; excellent clinical and echocardiographic outcome during follow up (3 to 72 months).

4.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34627726

ABSTRACT

The diagnosis of cardiovascular infection and inflammation by [18F]FDG PET/CT in Nuclear Cardiology is of growing interest, because with respect to echocardiography this technique has improved the certainty in the diagnosis of infective endocarditis in patients with prosthetic valves, the increasing number of patients with implantable cardiac devices because of the progressive ageing of the population, as well as in patients with suspected large vessel vasculitis. All are serious clinical situations which require correct diagnosis and appropriate treatment as soon as possible, because they can cause severe complications, high mortality and also increased health care costs. We review the use of [18F]FDG PET/CT in cardiovascular infection and inflammation, including the clinical point of view and the contribution of other image modalities. We focus on the appropriate methodology for this exploration, patient preparation, image acquisition and correct interpretation and the quantification possibilities, defining the specific characteristics of the diagnosis in patients with prosthetic valves, implantable cardiac devices and large vessel vasculitis in the initial diagnosis as well as during follow-up to assess treatment response. We analyze the possible causes of false positive and false negative results and emphasize the special value of a multidisciplinary team for optimal management of these patients.


Subject(s)
Cardiovascular Infections/diagnostic imaging , Fluorodeoxyglucose F18 , Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography/methods , Prosthesis-Related Infections/diagnostic imaging , Radiopharmaceuticals , Vasculitis/diagnostic imaging , Brain/diagnostic imaging , Defibrillators, Implantable/adverse effects , Echocardiography , Endocarditis/diagnostic imaging , Giant Cell Arteritis/diagnostic imaging , Heart/diagnostic imaging , Heart Valve Prosthesis/adverse effects , Heart-Assist Devices/adverse effects , Humans , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Pacemaker, Artificial/adverse effects , Prognosis , Prostheses and Implants , Takayasu Arteritis/diagnostic imaging , Tomography, X-Ray Computed
5.
Rev. chil. infectol ; 38(2): 260-270, abr. 2021. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1388227

ABSTRACT

Resumen La endocarditis infecciosa (EI) es una enfermedad de alta mortalidad, caracterizada por una infección endocárdica y frecuentes complicaciones multiorgánicas, que requiere un diagnóstico rápido y preciso, y un manejo agresivo, ya sea médico o quirúrgico. Su diagnóstico se realiza tomando en cuenta criterios bacteriológicos, clínicos y ecocardiográficos. Es objetivo de este artículo realizar una actualización del estudio imagenológico en paciente con EI, con especial énfasis en aquellos exámenes no ecocardiográficos disponibles en nuestro medio. En los últimos años, estudios de imagen avanzados han adquirido un rol creciente en su estudio inicial, particularmente la tomografía computada multicorte (TCMC) cardiaca y el positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT), y han sido recomendados como criterios diagnósticos en las guías recientes para el manejo de esta entidad. La TCMC cardiaca proporciona información anatómica detallada de las válvulas cardiacas y tejido perivalvular, identificando pseudoaneurismas, abscesos y dehiscencias valvulares. El PET/CT con F18-fluorodeoxiglucosa (F18-FDG) permite aumentar la sensibilidad en la detección de EI, y pesquisar con alta eficiencia fenómenos embólicos sistémicos, de elevada frecuencia en esta población. Ambos métodos prestan particular utilidad en EI de válvula protésica, donde la ecocardiografía presenta menor rendimiento diagnóstico. La resonancia magnética (RM) cerebral es el mejor método de imagen para descartar eventos isquémicos/embólicos del sistema nervioso central.


Abstract Infective endocarditis (IE) is an entity characterized by endocardial infection and frequent multiorgan complications, resulting in high mortality. It requires a rapid and accurate diagnosis, and a medical or surgical aggressive treatment. Currently, IE diagnosis rests on bacterial, clinical and ultrasonographic criteria. The objective of this article is to update the imaging study in patients with IE, with special emphasis on those non-echocardiographic examinations available in our environment. Last years, advanced imaging had achieved a growing role in IE diagnosis, especially cardiac multislice computed tomography (MSCT) and positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT), which have been recommended in recent clinical guidelines to be included as part of diagnostic criteria. Cardiac MSCT provides detailed anatomic information of cardiac valves and perivalve tissue, allowing identification of pseudoaneurysm, abscess and valve dehiscence. F18-FDG PET/CT increases sensitivity for IE detection and shows high accuracy in searching for extracranial systemic embolic events. Both MSCT and PET/CT have particular utility in cases of prosthetic valve endocarditis, where cardiac ultrasonography shows lower performance. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the best imaging method for evaluating ischemic/embolic events of central nervous system.


Subject(s)
Humans , Endocarditis/diagnostic imaging , Endocarditis, Bacterial/diagnostic imaging , Heart Valve Prosthesis/adverse effects , Ultrasonography , Radiopharmaceuticals , Fluorodeoxyglucose F18 , Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography
6.
CorSalud ; 12(2): 146-154, tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1133604

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN Introducción: La endocarditis infecciosa sobre prótesis valvulares cardíacas es una de las formas más graves de esta enfermedad, de difícil diagnóstico y asociada con elevada mortalidad. Objetivo: Describir las características de la endocarditis infecciosa en válvulas cardíacas protésicas. Método: Se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo y transversal desde 2006 hasta 2019 en el Hospital Hermanos Ameijeiras. La muestra fue de 40 pacientes. Se utilizaron estadígrafos descriptivos como la media aritmética y la desviación estándar para las variables cuantitativas continuas y el porcentaje para las cualitativas. Resultados: La edad media de los pacientes fue de 54,29±16,07 años, predominaron aquellos con edades entre 40-49 y 60-69 años (27,5%), así como del sexo masculino (67,5%), y el tipo de endocarditis más frecuente fue la tardía 65%. La sepsis oral (27,5%) y la cirugía previa (25%) fueron la puerta de entrada más frecuente. Prevalecieron los cultivos negativos (40%) y los agentes causales estafilococos coagulasa negativos (25%) y estafilococos áureos (10%). En las complicaciones predominaron las insuficiencias cardíacas (32%) y renal (22,5%), y un 20% de los casos tuvo dehiscencia de sutura. El 52,5% de los pacientes recibió tratamiento quirúrgico y la mortalidad fue del 30%. Conclusiones: Predominó la endocarditis tardía, con hemocultivo negativo y de prótesis aórtica. La dehiscencia de prótesis fue el hallazgo ecocardiográfico más encontrado y la insuficiencia cardíaca, la complicación más frecuente. El tratamiento quirúrgico fue el más utilizado y la mortalidad, ajustada para esta enfermedad, fue baja.


ABSTRACT Introduction: Infective endocarditis in prosthetic heart valves is one of the most severe forms of this disease of difficult diagnosis and associated with high mortality. Objective: To describe the characteristics of prosthetic valve endocarditis. Method: An observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study was conducted from 2006 to 2019 at Hospital Hermanos Ameijeiras. The sample consisted of 40 patients. Descriptive statistics such as arithmetic mean and standard deviation were used for continuous quantitative variables, and percentage for qualitative ones. Results: The average age of the patients was 54.29+16.07 years old, predominating those between 40-49 and 60-69 years old, as well as males (67.5%); the most frequent type of endocarditis was the late one (65%). Oral sepsis (27.5%) and previous surgery (25%) %) were the most frequent entry points. Negative cultures (40%) and coagulase-negative staphylococcus causative agents (25%) and staphylococcus aureus (10%) prevailed. Heart failure (32%) and kidney failure (22.5%) were the most frequent complications, and 20% of cases had suture dehiscence. The 52.5% of patients received surgical treatment and the mortality was of the 30%. Conclusions: Late endocarditis predominated, with negative blood cultures and of aortic valve prosthesis. Prosthesis dehiscence was the most frequent echocardiographic finding and the heart failure, the most frequent complication. The surgical treatment was the most used, and the mortality, adjusted for this disease, was low.


Subject(s)
Heart Valve Prosthesis , Mortality , Endocarditis , Endocarditis, Non-Infective
7.
Rev. colomb. cardiol ; 26(5): 296-299, sep.-oct. 2019. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: biblio-1092941

ABSTRACT

Resumen Se describe el caso de una mujer de 68 años que presentaba insuficiencia tricuspídea severa con ventrículo derecho dilatado, función sistólica levemente deprimida y ventrículo izquierdo no dilatado con fracción de eyección del 47%. Se intervino mediante cirugía realizándose una sustitución valvular tricúspide por prótesis mecánica ATS n( 33 e implante de electrodo de marcapasos epicárdico definitivo. En el postoperatorio inmediato presentó ascenso persistente del segmento ST en la cara inferior. Se implantó balón de contrapulsación intraaórtico y en el ecocardiograma urgente se observó disfunción ventricular global con aquinesia de la cara inferior. Se realizó coronariografía urgente observándose una imagen de angulación y deformidad a nivel distal de la arteria coronaria derecha no presente en la coronariografía prequirúrgica que sugería tracción externa del vaso, probablemente en relación con la sutura quirúrgica. Se intervino en forma percutánea implantándose stent farmacoactivo con lo cual se recuperó el flujo distal y se normalizó el segmento ST. La proximidad del anillo tricúspide a estructuras anatómicas como la arteria coronaria derecha hace posible su lesión durante la cirugía. El daño iatrogénico de la arteria coronaria derecha requiere diagnóstico y tratamiento precoz. Por ello esta complicación se debe incluir en el diagnóstico diferencial de disfunción ventricular derecha tras cirugía cardiaca.


Abstract The case is presented on a 68 year-old woman with severe tricuspid insufficiency. She also had a dilated right ventricle, a slightly depressed systolic function, and an undilated left ventricle with an ejection fraction of 47%. We treated her surgically, the tricuspid valve replacement was carried out with an ATS Nº 33 mechanical prosthesis and implanted a permanent epicardial pacemaker lead. In the immediate post operative period, she presented a persistent ST segment elevation on the inferior wall. An intra-aortic balloon pump was implanted; the urgent echocardiogram showed a global ventricular dysfunction with akinesia of the inferior wall. An urgent coronary angiography was performed, with an image of angulation and deformity being observed at distal level of the right coronary artery that was not present in the pre-surgical coronary angiography, which suggested an external traction of the vessela probably associated with a surgical suture. Percutaneous intervention was carried out, with a drug-eluting stent being implanted. It was percutaneously treated by implanting a drug-eluting stent restoring distal blood flow and normalizing the ST segment. The proximity of the tricuspid ring to anatomical structures like the right coronary artery means that it could be damaged during surgery. The iatrogenic damage to the right coronary artery requires an early diagnosis and treatment. For this reason, this complication must be included in the differential diagnosis of right ventricular dysfunction after cardiac surgery.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Aged , Congenital Abnormalities , Heart Valve Prosthesis , Intraoperative Complications , Prostheses and Implants , Thoracic Surgery , Ventricular Dysfunction , Coronary Vessels
8.
Rev. urug. cardiol ; 34(1): 234-244, abr. 2019. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-991656

ABSTRACT

Resumen: La estenosis aórtica afecta frecuentemente a la población añosa con elevada prevalencia de comorbilidades que aumentan los riesgos quirúrgicos. La sustitución valvular aórtica por vía percutánea ha demostrado su utilidad en pacientes de moderado a muy alto riesgo quirúrgico. El desarrollo de la técnica ha permitido que en gran parte de los casos se pueda realizar un abordaje menos complejo (abordaje minimalista), con el objetivo de reducir la repercusión hemodinámica del procedimiento, complicaciones iatrogénicas, costos y duración de la internación y del procedimiento. Se presenta el primer caso reportado en Uruguay de implante percutáneo transfemoral de válvula aórtica mediante abordaje minimalista.


Summary: Aortic stenosis frequently affects the elderly population with high prevalence of comorbidities that increase surgical risk. Transcatheter aortic valve replacement has demonstrated its usefulness in patients with moderate to very high surgical risk. The development of this technique allows that in many cases, a less complex approach can be performed (minimalist approach), with the objective of decreasing hemodynamic repercussion, iatrogenic complications, costs, hospitalization and intervention times. This is the first case of minimalist approach in transfemoral transcatheter aortic valve replacement reported in Uruguay.


Resumo: A estenose aórtica compromete frequentemente a população idosa a qual possui maior prevalência de comorbidades que elevam o risco cirurgico. O implante percutâneo da valva aórtica mostrou sua utilidade em pacientes com risco cirurgico intermedio a muito alto. O desenvolvimento da técnica permitiu em grande número de casos, uma abordagem menos complexa (nomeado abordagem minimalista), com o objetivo de reduzir a repercussão hemodinâmica do procedimento, as complicações iatrogênicas, os custos e a duração da internação e do procedimento. Apresentamos o primeiro caso relatado no Uruguai de implante valvar aórtico percutâneo pela via transfemoral utilizando uma abordagem minimalista.

9.
Medisan ; 21(4)abr. 2017. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-841688

ABSTRACT

Se llevó a cabo un estudio observacional, descriptivo y transversal de 51 pacientes portadores de prótesis valvulares, ingresados en el Cardiocentro del Hospital Provincial Docente Clinicoquirúrgico Saturnino Lora Torres de Santiago de Cuba por presentar trombosis valvular o episodios hemorrágicos, desde enero del 2012 hasta diciembre del 2014, a fin de estimar las variaciones en los valores de la Razón Normalizada Internacional y su asociación con estos eventos. Se aplicó la prueba de Ji al cuadrado. Preponderaron los afectados con trombosis valvular (60,4 por ciento) y Razón Normalizada Internacional menor de 2,5; mientras que esta última en las hemorragias fue superior a 3,5. Aquellos con más de un factor de riesgo asociado presentaron mayor cantidad de episodios trombóticos; eventos que tuvieron menor incidencia cuando se integraron warfarina y aspirina al tratamiento


An observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study of 51 patients with valve prosthesis was carried out. They were admitted to the Cardiology Center of Saturnino Lora Torres Teaching Clinical Surgical Provincial Hospital due to valve thrombosis or bleeding episodes, from January, 2012 to December, 2014, with the purpose of estimating the variations in the International Standard Ratio values and their association with these events. The chi-square test was carried out. Those patients affected with valve thrombosis (60.4 percent) and International Standard Ratio under 2.5 were predominant; while the latter in bleedings was over 3.5. The patients with more than one associated risk factor presented higher quantity of thrombosis episodes; events that had less incidence when warfarin and aspirin were included in the treatment


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Heart Valve Prosthesis , Heart Valve Diseases/complications , Coronary Thrombosis , Odds Ratio , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Cross-Sectional Studies , Observational Study , Anticoagulants
10.
Medisan ; 21(4)abr.2017. tab
Article in Spanish | CUMED | ID: cum-70028

ABSTRACT

Se llevó a cabo un estudio observacional, descriptivo y transversal de 51 pacientes portadores de prótesis valvulares, ingresados en el Cardiocentro del Hospital Provincial Docente Clinicoquirúrgico Saturnino Lora Torres de Santiago de Cuba por presentar trombosis valvular o episodios hemorrágicos, desde enero del 2012 hasta diciembre del 2014, a fin de estimar las variaciones en los valores de la Razón Normalizada Internacional y su asociación con estos eventos. Se aplicó la prueba de Ji al cuadrado. Preponderaron los afectados con trombosis valvular (60,4 por ciento) y Razón Normalizada Internacional menor de 2,5; mientras que esta última en las hemorragias fue superior a 3,5. Aquellos con más de un factor de riesgo asociado presentaron mayor cantidad de episodios trombóticos; eventos que tuvieron menor incidencia cuando se integraron warfarina y aspirina al tratamiento(AU)


An observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study of 51 patients with valve prosthesis was carried out. They were admitted to the Cardiology Center of Saturnino Lora Torres Teaching Clinical Surgical Provincial Hospital due to valve thrombosis or bleeding episodes, from January, 2012 to December, 2014, with the purpose of estimating the variations in the International Standard Ratio values and their association with these events. The chi-square test was carried out. Those patients affected with valve thrombosis (60.4 percent) and International Standard Ratio under 2.5 were predominant; while the latter in bleedings was over 3.5. The patients with more than one associated risk factor presented higher quantity of thrombosis episodes; events that had less incidence when warfarin and aspirin were included in the treatment(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Young Adult , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Heart Valve Prosthesis , Heart Valve Diseases/complications , Heart Valve Diseases/surgery , Thrombosis , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Cross-Sectional Studies , Observational Studies as Topic
11.
Rev Esp Geriatr Gerontol ; 52(3): 167-170, 2017.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27292540

ABSTRACT

Wild-type transthyretin-related cardiac amyloidosis (ATTRwt) and degenerative aortic stenosis share a common demographic and clinical profile. It was recently suggested that some of the complications arising during and after transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) could be due to a co-existing cardiac amyloidosis. In a series of autopsies of patients who had undergone TAVR, researchers found ATTR amyloidosis in one third of the cases. A report is presented on two patients with aortic stenosis who were diagnosed with ATTRwt when they were about to undergo a TAVI. ATTRwt is a slowly progressing disease so we need to review the decisions on the therapeutic approach in these patients.


Subject(s)
Amyloid Neuropathies, Familial/complications , Aortic Valve Stenosis/complications , Aged, 80 and over , Humans , Male
12.
Cir Cir ; 85(5): 375-380, 2017.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27955854

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Aortic stenosis is a frequent disease in the elderly, and is associated with other systemic pathologies that may contraindicate the surgical procedure. Another option for these patients is percutaneous aortic valve implantation, which is less invasive. We present our initial experience with this procedure. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Patients with aortic stenosis were included once selection criteria were accomplished. Under general anaesthesia and echocardiographic and fluosocopic control, a transcatheter aortic valve was implanted following s valvuloplasty. Once concluded the procedure, angiographic and pressure control was realized in order to confirm the valve function. RESULTS: Between November 2014 and May 2015, 6 patients were treated (4 males and 2 females), with a mean age of 78.83±5.66 years-old. The preoperative transvalvular gradient was 90.16±28.53mmHg and posterior to valve implant was 3.33±2.92mmHg (P<.05). Two patients had concomitant coronary artery disease which had been treated previously. One patient presented with acute right coronary artery occlusion which was immediately treated. However due to previous renal failure, postoperative sepsis and respiratory failure, the patient died one month later. CONCLUSION: It was concluded that our preliminary results showed that in selected patients percutaneous aortic valve implantation is a safe procedure with clinical improvement for treated patients.


Subject(s)
Aortic Valve Stenosis/surgery , Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Aortic Valve Stenosis/diagnostic imaging , Aortic Valve Stenosis/physiopathology , Female , Humans , Male , Patient Selection , Radiology, Interventional , Retrospective Studies , Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement/statistics & numerical data , Treatment Outcome
13.
Medisan ; 19(7)jul.-jul. 2015. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS, CUMED | ID: lil-752954

ABSTRACT

Se realizó un estudio descriptivo y transversal de 500 pacientes portadores de prótesis valvulares, quienes acudieron a la consulta externa del Servicio de Cirugía Cardiovascular del Hospital Provincial Docente Clinicoquirúrgico "Saturnino Lora Torres" de Santiago de Cuba, durante el 2014, con vistas a evaluar el nivel de sus conocimientos sobre anticoagulación con warfarina sódica. En la casuística primaron el sexo masculino (54,8 %), el grupo etario de 45-64 años (38,8 %) y los pertenecientes a las provincias de Santiago de Cuba y Holguín (43,8 y 34,8 %, respectivamente). Entre las características más notables figuraron: nivel de escolaridad hasta noveno grado (65,0 %), así como los afectados con prótesis mitrales y aórticas casi en su totalidad. Aunque 40,2 % de los integrantes de la serie tenían más de 4 años de operados no conocían las diferentes interacciones alimentarias, farmacológicas y criterios de control del tiempo de protrombina en la terapéutica del anticoagulante oral.


A descriptive and cross-sectional study of 500 patients carriers of valve prosthesis who went to the outpatient department of the Cardiovascular Surgery Service from "Saturnino Lora Torres" Teaching Clinical Surgical Provincial Hospital from Santiago de Cuba was carried out during 2014 with the aim of evaluating their knowledge level on anticoagulation with sodium warfarin. The male sex (54.8 %), the age group 45-64 years (38.8 %) and those belonging to Santiago de Cuba and Holguín provinces (43.8 and 34.8 %, respectively) prevailed in the case material. Among the most remarkable characteristics there were: school level up to ninth grade (65.0 %), as well as those affected with mitral and aortic prosthesis almost in their totality. Although 40.2 % of the members of the series had more than 4 years of their surgical treatment, they didn't know the different alimentary, pharmacological interactions and time control criteria for prothrombine in the therapy of the oral anticoagulant.


Subject(s)
Heart Valve Prosthesis , Anticoagulants , Thoracic Surgery , Warfarin , Secondary Care
14.
Medisan ; 19(7)Jul. 2015. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | CUMED | ID: cum-62206

ABSTRACT

Se realizó un estudio descriptivo y transversal de 500 pacientes portadores de prótesis valvulares, quienes acudieron a la consulta externa del Servicio de Cirugía Cardiovascular del Hospital Provincial Docente Clinicoquirúrgico Saturnino Lora Torres de Santiago de Cuba, durante el 2014, con vistas a evaluar el nivel de sus conocimientos sobre anticoagulación con warfarina sódica. En la casuística primaron el sexo masculino (54,8 por ciento), el grupo etario de 45-64 años (38,8 por ciento) y los pertenecientes a las provincias de Santiago de Cuba y Holguín (43,8 y 34,8 por ciento, respectivamente). Entre las características más notables figuraron: nivel de escolaridad hasta noveno grado (65,0 %), así como los afectados con prótesis mitrales y aórticas casi en su totalidad. Aunque 40,2 % de los integrantes de la serie tenían más de 4 años de operados no conocían las diferentes interacciones alimentarias, farmacológicas y criterios de control del tiempo de protrombina en la terapéutica del anticoagulante oral.


A descriptive and cross-sectional study of 500 patients carriers of valve prosthesis who went to the outpatient department of the Cardiovascular Surgery Service from Saturnino Lora Torres Teaching Clinical Surgical Provincial Hospital from Santiago de Cuba was carried out during 2014 with the aim of evaluating their knowledge level on anticoagulation with sodium warfarin. The male sex (54.8 percent), the age group 45-64 years (38.8 percent) and those belonging to Santiago de Cuba and Holguín provinces (43.8 and 34.8 percent, respectively) prevailed in the case material. Among the most remarkable characteristics there were: school level up to ninth grade (65.0 percent), as well as those affected with mitral and aortic prosthesis almost in their totality. Although 40.2 percent of the members of the series had more than 4 years of their surgical treatment, they didn't know the different alimentary, pharmacological interactions and time control criteria for prothrombine in the therapy of the oral anticoagulant(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Heart Valve Prosthesis , Warfarin/therapeutic use , Thoracic Surgery , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Cross-Sectional Studies
15.
Rev. mex. cardiol ; 25(3): 158-162, jun.-sep. 2014. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: lil-732049

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Determinar la metodología de evaluación ecocardiográfica empleada en el Instituto Nacional de Cardiología (hospital de tercer nivel) en pacientes operados de cambio valvular aórtico. Método: Se incluyeron a todos los pacientes consecutivos mayores de 18 años con estenosis aórtica que fueron llevados a cirugía de cambio valvular aórtico en el Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez", durante el periodo de enero del 2011 a junio del 2012. Se determinó la fecha de cirugía, tipo de prótesis y el número y fecha de ecocardiogramas realizados después del evento quirúrgico. Resultados: Se encontró que en el 81% de los pacientes el primer ecocardiograma postquirúrgico se realizó durante su internamiento. Esta primera evaluación fue realizada dentro de las primeras 24 a 48 horas a 42 pacientes (51.8%); entre los 3 y los 7 días a 27 pacientes (33.3%); entre los 8 y los 14 días a 7 pacientes (8.6%) y posterior a los 14 días a 5 pacientes (6.1%). A 19 pacientes no se les realizó ecocardiograma. Conclusiones: En el Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez", se realiza una evaluación y seguimiento ecocardiográfico de los pacientes operados de cambio valvular aórtico distinto a las recomendaciones internacionales.


Objective: To determine the methodology for the echocardiographic evaluation of patients with aortic valve replacement at the Instituto Nacional de Cardiología. Method: We included all consecutive patients, 18 years old or more with aortic valve replacement secondary to aortic stenosis at the Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez", between January 2011 and June 2012. We described the date of the surgery, type of prosthetic valve and the number and date of the echocardiograms after the valve replacement. Results: Between January 2011 and June 2012, 100 patients underwent aortic valve replacement. In 81% the first echocardiogram was made during hospitalization. The first evaluation was made within the first 24-48 hours in 42 patients (51.8%), between the 3rd and 7th day in 27 patients (33.3%), between the 8th and the 14th day in 7 patients (8.6%) and after 14 days in 5 patients (6.1%). No echocardiogram was made in 19 patients. Conclusions: At the Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez" we made an echocardiographic evaluation and follow up different from the international recommendations for patients with valve replacement.

16.
Rev Esp Cardiol (Engl Ed) ; 67(8): 615-23, 2014 Aug.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25037540

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Percutaneous closure of paravalvular leakage is an alternative to surgery in high-risk patients, but its use has been limited by a lack of specific devices. More appropriate devices-like the Amplatzer Vascular Plug III-have recently been developed, but information about their efficacy and safety is still scarce. The objective of the present study was to assess the mid-term results of paravalvular leakage closure with this device. METHODS: We analyzed the clinical and echocardiographic course both in-hospital and mid-term (13 [9] months) in a series of 20 consecutive patients (age, 68 years; logistic EuroSCORE, 29) with paravalvular leakage and attempted percutaneous closure. RESULTS: Closure was attempted for 23 leaks (17 mitral and 6 aortic) during 22 procedures in 20 patients. Implantation was successful in 87% of the leaks and the procedure was successful in 83%-with success being defined as a reduction in regurgitation of ≥ 1 degree. Survival at 1 year was 64.7% and survival free of the composite event of death/surgery was 58.8%. The degree of residual regurgitation was not associated with mortality but was associated with functional status. Survivors showed significant improvement in functional class. CONCLUSIONS: Percutaneous closure of leakage with the Amplatzer Vascular Plug III is safe and efficient in the mid-term. However, mortality among high-risk patients is high independently of the degree of residual regurgitation, indicating that these procedures are performed when heart disease has reached an advanced stage.


Subject(s)
Cardiac Catheterization/methods , Cardiac Surgical Procedures/methods , Heart Valve Prosthesis , Mitral Valve Insufficiency/surgery , Aged , Echocardiography, Three-Dimensional , Echocardiography, Transesophageal/methods , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Mitral Valve Insufficiency/diagnostic imaging , Mitral Valve Insufficiency/etiology , Prosthesis Failure , Reoperation , Time Factors , Treatment Outcome
17.
Rev. colomb. cardiol ; 21(1): 60-67, ene.-feb. 2014. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: lil-709013

ABSTRACT

En niños con insuficiencia o estenosis valvular significativa, la intervención de la válvula, ya sea valvuloplastia o reemplazo valvular, suele ser inevitable. El seguimiento de estos pacientes puede ser complejo; los síntomas iniciales de disfunción valvular protésica son inespecíficos y en ocasiones es difícil diferenciar entre los efectos de la disfunción valvular, las patologías no cardíacas, la disfunción ventricular y la hipertensión pulmonar. Aunque el examen físico puede alertar al clínico acerca de alteraciones, se requieren otros métodos diagnósticos para evaluar la función de la prótesis. La ecocardiografía Doppler es el método de elección no invasivo para estudiar la función valvular y pese a que muchas de las mediciones y parámetros de normalidad y anormalidad son extrapolados de estudios en adultos, se han tratado de definir estándares en pacientes pediátricos. Este documento ofrece una revisión acerca de las técnicas usadas en el estudio de las válvulas protésicas con base en literatura científica, consensos internacionales y opiniones de expertos.


In children with significant valvular insufficiency or stenosis, valve surgery, either valvuloplasty or valve replacement is usually inevitable. The monitoring of these patients can be complex, the initial symptoms of prosthetic valve dysfunction are nonspecific and sometimes difficult to differentiate between the effects of valvular dysfunction, non-cardiac pathologies, ventricular dysfunction and pulmonary hypertension. Although physical examination may alert the clinician about alterations, other diagnostic methods to assess the function of the prosthesis is required. Doppler echocardiography is the noninvasive method of choice to study valvular function and although many of the measurements and parameters of normality and abnormality are extrapolated from adult studies have been attempted to define standards in pediatric patients. This document provides an overview about the techniques used in the study of prosthetic valves based on scientific literature, international consensus and expert opinion.


Subject(s)
Echocardiography , Heart Valve Prosthesis , Cardiology , Echocardiography, Doppler
18.
Rev Electron ; 38(11)nov. 2013. tab
Article in Spanish | CUMED | ID: cum-57038

ABSTRACT

Se realizó un estudio descriptivo y transversal en el Servicio de Cardiología del Hospital Dr Ernesto Guevara de la Serna de la provincia de Las Tunas, con el objetivo de caracterizar la trombosis de prótesis valvular en el período entre 2006 y 2011. El universo estuvo conformado por los 34 pacientes ingresados en el servicio por sospecha de trombosis protésica y la muestra por los 29 casos con diagnóstico definitivo de trombosis valvular protésica. Se utilizó la estadística descriptiva a través del análisis porcentual. La edad promedio de los casos fue de 47 años. Predominaron los pacientes del sexo femenino, con prótesis en posición mitral, con anticoagulación inadecuada y con ritmo sinusal en el electrocardiograma al ingreso. El edema agudo del pulmón fue la forma de presentación de disfunción ventricular izquierda que predominó. La mayoría de los pacientes fueron tratados con estreptoquinasa, lográndose resolución de la trombosis en la mayoría de los casos, con un número escaso de complicaciones tras el tratamiento trombolítico (AU)


A descriptive and transversal study was carried out at the Department of Cardiology of Dr Ernesto Guevara de la Serna Teaching Hospital of Las Tunas, aimed at describing the prosthetic heart valve thrombosis, from 2006 to 2011. The universe was made up by the 34 patients admitted at the cardiology ward with a probable diagnosis of prosthetic heart valve thrombosis and the sample included the 29 patients with a definite diagnosis of prosthetic heart valve thrombosis. Descriptive statistics was used by means of percent analysis. The average age in the study was 47 years old. There was a prevalence of female patients with prosthesis at mitral position, an inadequate anticoagulation and sinus rhythm on electrocardiogram at admission. The predominant presentation form of left ventricular dysfunction was acute pulmonary edema. Most of the patients were treated with streptokinase, achieving a resolution of valve thrombosis in the majority of them, with a small number of complications after the thrombolytic treatment (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Heart Valve Prosthesis
19.
Rev. cuba. med ; 52(2): 99-108, abr.-jun. 2013.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-678121

ABSTRACT

Introducción: se realizó un estudio de intervención con todos los pacientes sometidos a cirugía de sustitución valvular protésica aórtica que acudieron a rehabilitarse en el Departamento de Rehabilitación Cardiovascular del Hospital Hermanos Ameijeiras durante el año 2011. Objetivo: caracterizar el comportamiento de los factores de riesgo coronario. Métodos: la muestra estuvo conformada por 16 pacientes. Se halló que el rango etario más frecuente fue el de 55-64 años, el sexo masculino y el color de piel blanca. La prótesis valvular de tipo mecánica fue implantada en todos los pacientes. Se observó mejoría en la capacidad funcional posterior a la rehabilitación cardíaca, se logró reducir el sedentarismo, la obesidad y el hábito de fumar, así como el incremento del número de pacientes hipertensos y diabéticos controlados. No ocurrieron complicaciones en la mayoría de los pacientes durante la rehabilitación. Conclusión: mediante la rehabilitación cardíaca se logró disminuir los FRC asociado a un bajo índice de complicaciones


Background: an intervention study was performed in all patients that were submitted to aortic prosthetic valve replacement surgery that began rehabilitation at the Cardiac Rehabilitation Unit Department of Hermanos Ameijeiras Hospital during the year 2011. Objective: to characterize the behavior of coronary risk factors. Methods: the sample was comprised of 16 patients. It was observed that the most frequent age rank was 55-64 years and most of the patients were male and white. All patients received mechanical aortic valve replacement. An improvement in the functional capacity in patients after cardiac rehabilitation was observed. Sedentary life, obesity and smoking habit were cut down and there was an increase in the number of controlled diabetic and hypertensive patients. Complications did not occur in the majority of patients during rehabilitation. Conclusions: cardiac rehabilitation diminished FRC associated to a low rate of complications


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Impacts of Polution on Health/prevention & control , Blood Vessel Prosthesis Implantation/methods , Blood Vessel Prosthesis Implantation/rehabilitation
20.
Rev. cuba. med ; 52(2): 99-108, abr.-jun. 2013.
Article in Spanish | CUMED | ID: cum-56587

ABSTRACT

Introducción: se realizó un estudio de intervención con todos los pacientes sometidos a cirugía de sustitución valvular protésica aórtica que acudieron a rehabilitarse en el Departamento de Rehabilitación Cardiovascular del Hospital Hermanos Ameijeiras durante el año 2011. Objetivo: caracterizar el comportamiento de los factores de riesgo coronario. Métodos: la muestra estuvo conformada por 16 pacientes. Se halló que el rango etario más frecuente fue el de 55-64 años, el sexo masculino y el color de piel blanca. La prótesis valvular de tipo mecánica fue implantada en todos los pacientes. Se observó mejoría en la capacidad funcional posterior a la rehabilitación cardíaca, se logró reducir el sedentarismo, la obesidad y el hábito de fumar, así como el incremento del número de pacientes hipertensos y diabéticos controlados. No ocurrieron complicaciones en la mayoría de los pacientes durante la rehabilitación. Conclusión: mediante la rehabilitación cardíaca se logró disminuir los FRC asociado a un bajo índice de complicaciones(AU)


Background: an intervention study was performed in all patients that were submitted to aortic prosthetic valve replacement surgery that began rehabilitation at the Cardiac Rehabilitation Unit Department of Hermanos Ameijeiras Hospital during the year 2011. Objective: to characterize the behavior of coronary risk factors. Methods: the sample was comprised of 16 patients. It was observed that the most frequent age rank was 55-64 years and most of the patients were male and white. All patients received mechanical aortic valve replacement. An improvement in the functional capacity in patients after cardiac rehabilitation was observed. Sedentary life, obesity and smoking habit were cut down and there was an increase in the number of controlled diabetic and hypertensive patients. Complications did not occur in the majority of patients during rehabilitation. Conclusions: cardiac rehabilitation diminished FRC associated to a low rate of complications(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Blood Vessel Prosthesis Implantation/methods , Blood Vessel Prosthesis Implantation/rehabilitation , Impacts of Polution on Health/prevention & control
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