Promoting or inhibiting: the impact of China's urban-rural digital divide on regional environmental development.

Based on the panel data of 30 provinces in China from 2013 to 2020, this paper uses the panel fixed effect model and threshold regression method to systematically examine the impact of the urban-rural digital divide on regional environmental development from the perspective of technological innovation and human capital. The study found that the urban-rural digital divide significantly inhibited regional environmental development; however, this inhibitory effect will be substantially reduced in technological innovation and human capital adjustment. Furthermore, technological innovation and human capital have played a significant single threshold effect in the impact of the urban-rural digital divide on regional environmental development. When technological innovation and human capital cross the corresponding threshold value, the adverse effects of the urban-rural digital divide on the regional environment will be alleviated. Therefore, it is suggested to strengthen the construction of rural information infrastructure; research and develop key technologies for ecological protection and environmental governance; build an ecological environment science and technology innovation system; and promote the sharing of human resources in the region and the ability of rural residents to apply digital resources and digital technology.

Roles of phase change materials on the morphological, physical, rheological and temperature regulating performances of high-viscosity modified asphalt.

The composite of phase change material (PCM) and high-viscosity modified asphalt (HVMA) is expected as a new material regulating the temperature of high-performance pavements, thereby ameliorating the urban heat island effect. This study focused on evaluating the roles of two kinds of PCMs, i.e. paraffin/expanded graphite/high-density polyethylene composite material (PHDP) and polyethylene glycol (PEG), on a series of performances of HVMA. Fluorescence microscopy observations, physical rheological properties tests and indoor temperature regulating tests were conducted to determine the morphological, physical, rheological and temperature regulating performances of PHDP/HVMA or PEG/HVMA composites with various PCM contents prepared by fusion blending. Fluorescence microscopy test results revealed that the PHDP and PEG could be uniformly distributed in HVMA, but their distribution size and morphology were obviously different. Physical test results showed an increase in the penetration values of both PHDP/HVMA and PEG/HVMA compared to the HVMA without PCM. Their softening points did not change significantly with increasing PCM content due to the presence of a high-content of polymeric spatial reticulation. Ductility test reflected that the low-temperature properties of PHDP/HVMA were improved. However, the ductility of PEG/HVMA was much reduced due to the presence of large size PEG particles especially at 15 % PEG content. Rheological results from the recovery percent and non-recoverable creep compliance at 64 °C confirmed that the PHDP/HVMA and PEG/HVMA had excellent high-temperature rutting resistance regardless of PCM contents. Notably, the phase angle results reflected that the PHDP/HVMA was more viscous at 5-30 °C and more elastic at 30-60 °C. By contrast, PEG/HVMA was more elastic at the whole temperature range of 5-60 °C. Lastly but not least, compared to HVMA without PCM, the temperature regulating effect was 4 °C during heating of PHDP/HVMA containing 4 % PHDP and PEG/HVMA containing 15 % PEG, and their delay time were 456 s and 1240 s, respectively.

The roles of serum vitamin D and tobacco smoke exposure in insomnia: a cross-sectional study of adults in the United States.

Aim: Tobacco smoke exposure and vitamin D (VD) status were both associated with insomnia. However, the combined effect of smoking and VD on insomnia has not been discussed. This study aimed to explore the role of VD in the association between tobacco smoke exposure and insomnia. Methods: Data on adults were extracted from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES) database in 2005-2008 for this cross-sectional study. Weighted univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to explore the associations between serum cotinine, serum VD, and insomnia. A surface diagram was drawn to reflect the effect of VD on the association between serum cotinine and insomnia. In addition, the potential regulating effect of VD in subgroups of smoking status was also performed. The evaluation index was odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results: Among the eligible participants, 1,766 had insomnia. After adjusting for covariates, we found that elevated serum cotinine levels were associated with higher odds of insomnia [OR = 1.55, 95% CI: (1.22, 1.97)]. However, the relationship between serum VD level and insomnia was not significant (P = 0.553). Higher serum cotinine levels were also associated with higher odds of insomnia [OR = 1.52, 95% CI: (1.17, 1.98)] when serum VD level was <75 nmol/L; however, this relationship became non-significant when serum VD concentration was elevated (P = 0.088). Additionally, the potential regulating effect of VD was also found in adults who were not smoking. Conclusion: VD may play a potential regulative role in the association between tobacco smoke exposure and insomnia. Further studies are needed to clarify the causal relationships between VD, tobacco smoke exposure, and insomnia.

Research progress on the regulatory mechanism of intestinal flora metabolites on mitochondria of intestinal epithelial cells and the traditional Chinese medicine intervention / 药学学报

It was found that intestinal flora could directly regulate mitochondria of intestinal epithelial cells or indirectly through the nucleus. This effect is associated with the flora metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and nitric oxide (NO). These metabolites are involved in mitochondria-related energy metabolic processes and the production of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS), and even in the immune response of the whole organism. Numerous studies have also shown that intestinal flora metabolites and mitochondria have become a hot spot for research on the mechanism of action of traditional Chinese medicine, but the research on the mechanism of association between them is not yet in-depth. In this review, we summarize the mechanism of mitochondrial regulation of intestinal epithelial cells by intestinal flora metabolites and herbal interventions to provide a theoretical basis for targeting intestinal microbes and mitochondria to regulate body metabolism and health.

Advances in research of polysaccharides on inflammatory diseases and gut microbiota / 中国药理学通报

Gut microbiota is a bridge between the metabolism and health state of the host,which plays a very important role in maintaining homeostasis. Natural polysaccharides,widely existed in nature,are a kind of biological macromolecules with prebiotics effects,which can improve a degree of physiological status by selectively changing the gut microbiota structure and function,enhancing the content of short chain fatty acids(SCFAs)and decreasing the level of inflammatory cytokines. In addition,the majority of polysaccharides can be degraded by gut microbiota to enhance their bioavailability and to promote the health state of the host. In this paper we discuss the interaction among polysaccharides and gut microbiotanatural,degradation mechanism and review gut microbiota as a target in the treatment of metabolic diseases,so as to provide future prospects of natural polysaccharides as " prebiotics " functional factors in the field of biological medicine and health products.

The Influence of Entrepreneurial Policy on Entrepreneurial Willingness of Students: The Mediating Effect of Entrepreneurship Education and the Regulating Effect of Entrepreneurship Capital.

With the transformation and development of the social economy of the country, innovation, and entrepreneurship have been a wide concern in all sectors of the society. In contrast, the entrepreneurial success rate of college students in China is low, and the willingness of students to start a business is generally not high. As a leading element, entrepreneurship policy plays an important role in creating an enabling social environment for entrepreneurship and promoting innovation and entrepreneurship. The influence of entrepreneurship policy on the entrepreneurial will of college students is not only reflected in the improvement of entrepreneurship environment but also in the reform and development of innovation and entrepreneurship education in colleges and universities. This study conducted a survey of fresh graduates from 1,231 colleges and universities in 31 provinces across the country to examine the path and influence the mechanism of entrepreneurship policy on entrepreneurial willingness, and the subsequent regression analysis results show that the entrepreneurship policy and entrepreneurship willingness are positively related, and entrepreneurship education, as a "bridge," presents a partial intermediary role in the relationship. In addition, the study also found that the entrepreneurship capital of college students has a moderating effect on the path of entrepreneurship education-entrepreneurship willingness, that is, the higher the entrepreneurship capital of students is, the higher the entrepreneurship willingness will be generated after they receive entrepreneurship education.

[Relationship Between Urban Industrialization and PM2.5 Concentration in China and the Internal Mechanism of EKC].

Based on the panel data of 255 cities in China, this study built a spatial Durbin model to study the impact of China's industrialization on the PM2.5 pollution level. Meanwhile, an environmental governance tool characterized by forest and grass coverage was introduced to explore the internal mechanism and exogenous driving force of EKC. The results show that ① the relationship between industrialization and PM2.5 concentration is obviously an inverted u-shaped, and the EKC hypothesis was verified. ② The formation of the EKC curve was caused by the external factors and not the endogenous mechanism of economic growth. Forest-grass coverage plays a regulating role in the relationship between industrialization and PM2.5 pollution level, namely the inverted u-shaped structure of environmental EKC results from environmental governance tool with forest and grass cover rather than the automatic adjustment of economic growth. ③ The influence of industrialization on PM2.5 concentration has a spatial spillover effect. Urban industrialization not only affects the PM2.5 concentration in local regions but also its neighboring region.

Litter accumulation alters the abiotic environment and drives community successional changes in two fenced grasslands in Inner Mongolia.

Fencing is an effective and practical method for restoring degraded grasslands in northern China. However, little is known about the role of excess litter accumulation due to long-term fencing in regulating abiotic environment and driving changes in community structure and function. We conducted a three-year field experiment in two fenced grasslands in Inner Mongolia, and monitored light quantity, soil temperature, and soil moisture continuously, and determined community height, community aboveground net primary productivity (ANPP), and the relative dominance of different plant functional groups. Litter accumulation reduced light quantity and soil temperature but increased soil moisture. The regulating effects of litter accumulation on soil temperature and soil moisture fluctuated temporally and gradually weakened over the growing season. Litter accumulation also altered community vertical structure and function by increasing community height and ANPP. The increase in soil moisture increased the relative dominance of rhizome grasses but suppressed bunch grasses, thereby shifting bunch grass grasslands to rhizome grass grasslands. Our findings provide a potential mechanism for community succession in the context of litter accumulation in fenced grasslands and indicate that the vegetation and ecosystem services of degraded grasslands are improved after appropriate fencing.

The influence of environmental background on tourists' environmentally responsible behaviour.

Previous research on the environmentally responsible behaviour (ERB) of tourists has primarily focused on the personal psychological factors of tourists. However, the studies overlook the effect of contextual factors of a tourist site. According to the broken window theory, a disorderly, unkempt environment might lead more people to be involved in environmental destruction, which would form a vicious cycle. Therefore, it can be deduced that the environmental background (EB) of a tourist site is an important contextual factor. In this paper, the effect of the EB of a tourist site on the ERB was examined by the theory of planned behaviour (TPB) adopting structural equation model (SEM) multi-group analysis (MGA). The results show the following: first, both the attitude toward environmental behaviour (ATT) of tourists and their subjective norm (SN) have a positive impact on the environmentally responsible behavioural intention (ERBI) of tourists. In addition, perceived behavioural control (PBC) exerts a remarkable influence on the ERB of tourists and their behavioural intention. Second, the relationship between the ERBI and ERB of tourists is positively regulated by the EB of a tourist site. Additionally, this paper presents policy proposals for the environmental management of tourist sites.

Advances in natural products with function of PCSK9 regulation and their action mechanism / 中草药

Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) is the highligh of lipid-lowering therapy due to its effect on LDL-C in the cardiovascular field. PCSK9 inhibitor has become the hot spot in biological preparations in these years, but the properties of adverse reaction, high price and injection-methods of biologicals limit its development. Currently, it was reported that many traditional Chinese medicine and natural products had the functions of regulating PCSK9. This paper summarized the regulation and mechanisms of traditional Chinese medicine monomers, active ingredients, compounds and natural products on PCSK9 so as to provide references for the development of small-molecule inhibitors of PCSK9.

CD226 involved in regulation of CD4+T cell / 中国免疫学杂志

CD226 is a typeⅠtransmembrane glycoprotein expressed on various immune cell membranes,such as NK cells,T cells,monocytes and other cells.After binding to ligand CD112 or CD155, CD226 mediates the differentiation, proliferation and functional regulation of various immune cells to participate many physiological and pathological activities.This paper mainly focuses on two aspects,the first is CD226 on CD4+T cell immune regulation, the seconds is the CD226 involved in the progress of many dis-ease.Detailed explanation of CD226 involved in naive CD4+T cell proliferation and differentiation, Th1/Th2/Th17 cells polarization and regulatory function of Treg cells.

Analysis on the effect of social support and coping styles on job burnout and mental health in medical staffs / 中国职业医学

OBJECTIVE: To explore the effect of job burnout of medical staffs on their mental health and the regulating effect of social support and mediating effect of coping style. METHODS: A total of 758 medical staffs in a city of Shandong Province were selected as study subjects by stratified random sampling method and investigated using the Maslach Burnout Questionnaire,General Health Questionnaire,Social Support Rating Scale and Trait Coping Style Questionnaire. RESULTS: Job burnout was negatively associated with social support and positive coping( P < 0. 01),and positively associated with mental health and negative coping( P < 0. 01). Both social support and positive coping style showed a negative correlation with mental health( P < 0. 01). A positive correlation was found between negative coping styles and mental health( P <0. 01). Job burnout showed a direct positive prediction function to mental health [standardized regression coefficients( β) = 0. 28,P < 0. 01]. The subjective support dimensions of social support played a role of negative prediction in regulating job burnout and mental health( β =-0. 10,P < 0. 01). Coping styles played a mediating role in job burnout and mental health. Job burnout affected mental health problems by reducing the positive coping and increasing the partial intermediary role of negative coping,the mediation effect was 10. 9%. CONCLUSION: The medical staffs in Shandong Province have low incidence of job burnout. Job burnout shows negative effect on mental health. Subjective support feelings from social support and positive coping style are important protective factors.

Bilayers and wormlike micelles at high pH in fatty acid soap systems.

Bilayers at high pH in the fatty acid systems of palmitic acid/KOH/H2O, palmitic acid/CsOH/H2O, stearic acid/KOH/H2O and stearic acid/CsOH/H2O can form spontaneously (Xu et al., 2014, 2015). In this work, the bilayers can still be observed at 25°C with an increase of the concentration of fatty acids. We found that wormlike micelles can also be prepared in the fatty acid soap systems at high pH, even though the temperature was increased to be 50°C. The viscoelasticity, apparent viscosity, yield stress of the bilayers were determined by the rheological measurements. Wormlike micelles were identified by cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM) and emphasized by the rheological characterizations, which are in accordance with the Maxwell fluids with good fit of Cole-Cole plots. The phase transition temperature was determined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and the transition process was recorded. The regulating role of counterions of fatty acids were discussed by (CH3)4N(+), (C2H5)4N(+), (C3H7)4N(+), and (C4H9)4N(+) as comparison, concluding that counterions with appropriate hydrated radius were the vital factor in the formation wormlike micelles.

Effects of MTP Gene Polymorphism on the Lipid-regulating Effect of Simvastatin in the Treatment of T2DM Complicating with Lipid Metabolism Disorder / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effects of MTP gene polymorphism on the lipid-regulating effect of simvastatin in the treatment of T2DM complicating with lipid metabolism disorder. METHODS:120 T2DM inpatients with hypercholesterolemia were selected from our hospital during Jun. to Dec. 2015 and given Metformin hydrochloride sustained-release tablets,Enalapril ma-leate tablets and Simvastatin tablets. PCR-RFLP was used to detect MTP G493T genotype. The levels of TG,TC,LDL-C and HDL-C were detected by AU 400 automatic biochemistry analyzer before treatment and the 4th week after treatment. The effects of different genotype on the change of blood lipid level was analyzed. RESULTS:Among 120 patients,the patients with MTP G493T GG,GT,TT genotypes accounted for 61.67%,26.67% and 11.67%,respectively,meeting Hardy-Weinberg balance(P>0.05). Before treatment,there was no statistical significance in TC,TG,LDL-C and HDL-C among different genotypes(P>0.05). After 4 weeks of treatment,the decrease of TC and LDL-C in TT genotype patients were lower than that in GG and GT genotype,with statistical significance(P>0.05). There was no significant difference in the decrease of TC and LDL-C between GT and GG geno-type,the decrease of TG and HDL-C(P>0.05). There was no significant difference in the incidence of ADR among different geno-types(P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS:After simvastatin treatment,the improvement of TC and LDL-C in patients with TT genotype is poor. MTP G493T gene polymorphism may be associated with the lipid-regulating effect of simvastatin in the treatment of T2DM patients with lipid metabolism disorder.

Microencapsulation of seed-coating tebuconazole and its effects on physiology and biochemistry of maize seedlings.

Tebuconazole is a triazole systemic fungicide that is commonly used to treat fungal pathogens of crops, but at high doses can reduce seed germination. Seeds with microcapsulated tebuconazole were investigated to determine effects of this method on maize seedlings and the bioefficacy against maize head smut (Sphacelotheca reiliana). The ethyl cellulose (EC)-based microcapsules had encapsulation efficiency of 90.6%, and average size of 1.6 µm. A release kinetic study revealed that tebuconazole release from EC-based microcapsules fits the model (Mt/Mz=kt(n)+C). Glasshouse studies indicated that maize seedling emergence and growth were negatively affected in an exponential manner as predicted by model Y=A+B×e((-x/k)). However, microencapsulation could induce tebuconazole's growth promoting effects by increasing emergence, shoot fresh weight, root fresh weight, carotenoid and chlorophyll content. Phytohormone analysis indicated the beneficial effects of microencapsulated tebuconazole were due to the sustained release of tebuconazole that appeared to influence the balance of phytohormones in maize seedlings. Contrary to conventional tebuconazole, microencapsulated seed-coated tebuconazole can lead to slightly increased gibberellins (GA) level and disappearance of abscisic acid (ABA) accumulation in maize. In addition, microcapsule formulation of tebuconazole was found to provide better protection against maize head smut when compared to conventional formulation.

The status and prospects of niacin and its combination therapy with statins / 中国药理学通报

Niacin, a broad-spectrum lipid-regulating agent, can significantly lower plasma triglyceride and raise the high density lipoprotein-cholesterol.Extended-release niacin added to statins monotherapy could further modify the lipid profile and reduce residual cardiovascular risk.This combination therapy provides a safe, effective and economical treatment for clinicians and may be superior to other drugs combined with statins.

Most advanced review on non-lipid-regulating action of atorvastatin / 中国临床药理学与治疗学

Recent reports have indicated that Statins could remarkably improve the prognosis of patients suffered from coronary artery disease.And this effect is not only due to Statin's lipid-regulating function,but also correlated to its non-lipid-regulating action.Atorvastatin is the latest kind of statins.In this article,we specified the non-lipid-regulating effect of Atorvastatin in the prevention and therapy to coronary artery disease.Furthermore,we summarized its corresponding clinical evaluation or security.