Calidad de vida relacionada con la salud y los estados de ánimo en estudiantes de instituciones educativas de Antioquia, Colombia / Quality of life related to the health and mood states of students in educational institutions from Antioquia, Colombia / Qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde e ao humor em estudantes de instituições de ensino em Antioquia, Colômbia

Introducción: La calidad de vida relacionada con la salud (CVRS) y los estados de ánimo son indicadores cruciales del bienestar en adolescentes, pero su relación con estudiantes de Antioquia, Colombia, no ha sido ampliamente estudiada. Objetivo: Determinar la CVRS y los estados de ánimo en escolares de Antioquia-Colombia. Materiales y métodos: Estudio transversal con 1957 escolares de 9 a 20 años. Se aplicaron mediciones de CVRS, ansiedad, depresión, hostilidad y alegría, actividad física, comportamiento sedentario, apoyo social de padres y nivel socioeconómico. Resultados: La calidad de vida alta (CVA) es más elevada en hombres, personas con alegría, estudiantes con apoyo de padres, activos físicamente y personas de nivel socioeconómico alto y medio. AL aumentar un año de edad, disminuye en un 15 % la CVA, y al aumentar la depresión, la ansiedad y el comportamiento sedentario disminuye la CVA. Además, los niveles de depresión y ansiedad son mayores en mujeres, estudiantes mayores, sin apoyo de los padres y personas sedentarias. Conclusiones: La CVRS se asocia con estados de ánimo, actividad física, comportamiento sedentario y apoyo de los padres; mientras que los estados de ánimo se asocian con el sexo, el apoyo de los padres, la CVS y el sedentarismo.

Introduction: Even though health-related quality of life (HRQL) and mood states are key indicators of the well-being of adolescents, their relationship has not been analyzed in students from Antioquia, Colombia. Objective: To determine HRQL and mood states in schoolchildren from Antioquia. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 1,957 schoolchildren and adolescents aged between 9 and 20 years. Measurements of HRQL, anxiety, depression, hostility and happiness, physical activity, sedentary behavior, parental social support, and socioeconomic status were applied. Results: A high quality of life (HQL) was observed more frequently in male participants, students with parental support, physically active, and those belonging to medium and high socioeconomic status. HQL decreased 15% as their age increased by one year. Also, HQL was reduced when depression, anxiety, and sedentary behavior increased. Furthermore, depression and anxiety levels were higher in women, older students, as well as in those without parental control and with sedentary behavior. Conclusions: HRQL is associated with mood states, physical activity, sedentary behavior, and parental support. In contrast, mood states are related to gender, parental support, HQL, and sedentary lifestyle.

Introdução: A qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde (CVRS) e os estados de humor são indicadores cruciais de bem-estar em adolescentes, mas sua relação com estudantes de Antioquia, Colômbia, não foi amplamente estudada. Objetivo: Determinar a CVRS e os estados de humor em escolares de Antioquia-Colômbia. Materiais e métodos: Estudo transversal com 1.957 escolares de 9 a 20 anos. Foram aplicadas medidas de QVRS, ansiedade, depressão, hostilidade e felicidade, atividade física, comportamento sedentário, apoio social dos pais e nível socioeconômico. Resultados: A alta qualidade de vida (CVA) é maior em homens, pessoas com alegria, estudantes com apoio parental, fisicamente ativos e pessoas de nível socioeconômico alto e médio. À medida que a idade aumenta em um ano, diminui em 15% o CVA, e ao aumentar a depressão, a ansiedade e o comportamento sedentário aumentam, o CVA diminui. Além disso, os níveis de depressão e ansiedade são mais elevados nas mulheres, nos estudantes mais velhos, sem apoio dos pais e nas pessoas sedentárias. Conclusões: A QVRS está associada a estados de humor, atividade física, comportamento sedentário e apoio parental; enquanto os estados de humor estão associados ao sexo, apoio parental, CVS e estilo de vida sedentário.

Yoga como terapia complementaria para el Adulto Mayor / Yoga as a complementary therapy for older adult

Introducción: El yoga es una actividad que trata de un ejercicio el cual contiene una intensidad baja a moderada, la cual no se centra exclusivamente en el entrenamiento físico, sino que también en el desarrollo de la mente y el espíritu de uno mismo. El yoga puede obtener un mayor impacto en el equilibrio y en la ganancia de fuerza de la parte superior del cuerpo, además, demuestra mejora en la aptitud cardiorrespiratoria y flexibilidad. Metodología: El enfoque de desarrollo fue de tipo cuantitativo en donde se realizó una revisión sistemática como metodología de búsqueda de información, relacionada al yoga como una terapia complementaria y los beneficios que éste aportaba al bienestar de las personas mayores. Resultados: En cada uno de los ensayos controlados aleatorizados que fueron recabados para fines de esta revisión sistemática. Se destaca la importancia y los beneficios del yoga en la movilidad, fuerza, flexibilidad y espiritualidad de los usuarios que practican esta terapia. Discusión: Los artículos analizados pertenecen a ensayos clínicos o estudios aleatorizados, los cuales permitieron responder de manera efectiva a nuestra pregunta de investigación, la cual consiste en reconocer si el yoga es efectivo para disminuir el riesgo de dependencia funcional y eliminar hábitos que no son saludables para las personas mayores, además de mejorar la calidad de vida actual. Gracias a ello se pudo evidenciar que esta terapia en adultos mayores genera cambios positivos respecto a estado y condición física, la ejecución de esta práctica mejora la calidad de vida en un 80% Conclusión: La yoga como terapia complementaria si entrega beneficios en la calidad de vida de la población adulta mayor, dado que, que hubo una mejora tanto en la movilidad, calidad de vida y autovalencia de los adultos mayores[AU]

Introduction: Yoga is an activity that deals with a low to moderate intensity exercise, which is not exclusively focused on physical training, but also on the development of the mind and spirit itself. Yoga may have a greater impact on balance and upper body strength gains, and have shown improvements in cardiorespiratory fitness and flexibility. Methodology:the development approach was of a quantitative type where a systematic review was carried out as a methodology for searching for information related to yoga as a complementary therapy and the benefits that it brought to the well-being of the elderly. Results:The importance and benefits of yoga on the mobility, strength, flexibility and spirituality of users who practice this therapy are highlighted in each of the randomized controlled trials that were collected for the purposes of this systematic review. Discussion: The articles analyzed belong to clinical trials or randomized studies, which allowed us to effectively answer our research question. The activity of yoga in older adults generates positive changes regarding state and physical condition, the execution of this practice improves the quality of life by 80% Conclusion: Yoga as a complementary therapy delivers benefits in the quality of life of the adult population elderly, it can be said that there was an improvement in mobility, quality of life and self-valence of the elderly[AU]

Introdução: O Yoga é uma atividade que trata de um exercício de intensidade baixa a moderada, que não se foca exclusivamente no treino físico, mas também no desenvolvimento da mente e do espí-rito. A ioga pode ter um impacto maior no equilíbrio e nos ganhos de força da parte superior do corpo e mostrou melhorias na apti-dão cardiorrespiratória e flexibilidade. Metodologia: a abordagem de desenvolvimento foi do tipo quantitativo onde foi realizada uma revisão sistemática como metodologia de busca de informações re-lacionadas ao yoga como terapia complementar e os benefícios que trouxe para o bem-estar dos idosos. Resultados: A importância e os benefícios do yoga na mobilidade, força, flexibilidade e espiri-tualidade dos usuários que praticam esta terapia são destacados em cada um dos ensaios clínicos randomizados que foram coletados para fins desta revisão sistemática. Discussão: Os artigos analisa-dos pertencem a ensaios clínicos ou estudos randomizados, o que nos permitiu responder de forma eficaz à nossa questão de inves-tigação. A atividade de yoga em idosos gera mudanças positivas quanto ao estado e condição física, a execução desta prática mel-hora a qualidade de vida em 80% Conclusão: o yoga como terapia complementar traz benefícios na qualidade de vida da população adulta idosa, pode-se dizer que houve melhora na mobilidade, qualidade de vida e autovalência dos idosos[AU]

Estudo longitudinal de famílias / Longitudinal study of families / Estudio longitudinal de familias

Introdução: O desenvolvimento da família é influenciado por diversos fatores de sua organização interna e de ordem ambiental, social, cultural, econômica e política. Em contexto de pobreza os riscos são maiores. Fatores de proteção, como boa organização familiar e rede social de apoio podem diminuir as consequências negativas da pobreza. São escassas as pesquisas longitudinais sobre vulnerabilidade e resiliência nas famílias. Objetivo: Este artigo descreve o desenvolvimento de três famílias ao longo de 15 anos, estudadas por meio de entrevistas em casa, parte de uma coorte populacional de um bairro de Porto Alegre (RS). Buscaram-se associações entre a qualidade das relações nessas famílias e sua saúde física e mental, especialmente a do filho, foco da pesquisa. Métodos: Selecionaram-se no arquivo da pesquisa as três primeiras famílias (do total de 148) das quais se tinham os resultados completos das cinco visitas realizadas aos quatro meses e aos dois, quatro, nove e 15 anos de um filho. Realizou-se análise qualitativa dos registros em busca de categorias para compreender a vida e as relações interpessoais nas famílias. O estudo foi realizado em conjunto por duas pesquisadoras, médicas especialistas em desenvolvimento humano. As categorias identificadas na análise e estudadas nas cinco etapas foram: configuração familiar, situação socioeconômica, situações traumáticas, saúde física, saúde relacional e mental, evolução cognitiva e escolar do filho. Resultados: As três famílias, todas de classe C, com filhos sem problemas de saúde física, tiveram evolução suficientemente boa, apesar de todas enfrentarem múltiplos problemas, inclusive separações e mortes precoces. A relação com o sistema de saúde e escola era boa e similar para as três. A jovem com menos problemas de saúde mental foi aquela que sofreu perdas mais importantes: morte dos pais. Tinha uma estrutura familiar multigeracional sólida desde a primeira infância, com relações interpessoais predominantemente colaborativas e amorosas. Conclusões: O artigo busca avançar na compreensão da resiliência nas famílias em situações de vulnerabilidade. Concluímos que essas três famílias, uma delas mais que as outras, foram suficientemente saudáveis na tarefa de educar seus filhos sem desenvolverem problemas mentais graves. Propomos que o bom desenvolvimento se associa com a adequação e amorosidade dos cuidados com a etapa do ciclo vital, mesmo enfrentando situações problemáticas. Essas qualidades precisam estar associadas à estabilidade socioeconômica básica e a bons serviços de saúde e escola.

Introduction: Family development is influenced by it's internal organization and environmental factors, socioeconomic, cultural and political. In poor contexts there are more risks to development. Protection factors like good family organization and social network may decrease the risks. Longitudinal research about vulnerability and resilience in families is scarse. Objective: This article describes the development of three families over 15 years through interviews at home. The families were part of a populational cohort of a neighborhood in Porto Alegre (RS). We looked for links between the quality of relationships and the physical and mental health of these families, especially of the child focus of the research. Methods: We selected in the research archives the first three families (of a total of 148) for which we had full results of the five interviews at four months and two, four, nine and fifteen years of a child. We did a qualitative analysis of the records looking for parameters to understand the life and interpersonal relationships of these families. This study was done by two researchers, both experts in Human Development. The categories identified in the analysis of the five phases were: family structure, socioeconomic situation, traumatic experiences, physical, mental and relational health and cognitive evolution of the child. Results: All three families belonged to economical class C. The children were in good physical health and had sufficiently good general development, having faced multiple problems, including parental separation and early parental death. The relationship with the health and school systems was good in all of them. The youth with less mental health problems was the one who suffered the heaviest loss: early death of both parents. Her family had strong multigenerational ties since her early days, with predominant collaborative and loving relationships. Conclusions: This article aims to contribute to the comprehension of resilience in families in the context of vulnerability. We can say that these three families were healthy enough in the task of bringing up children without any serious mental health problem. We suggest that healthy development is associated with loving interfamily relationships adequate to each phase of development, notwithstanding dramatic events. This needs to be supported by basic economic stability and adequate school and health systems.

Introducción: El desarrollo de la familia es influenciado por su organización interna y factores ambientales, sociales, culturales, económicos y políticos. En contextos pobres los riesgos son mayores. Factores de protección como buena organización familiar y red social de apoyo pueden disminuir las consecuencias negativas de la pobreza. Son pocas las investigaciones longitudinales de vulnerabilidad y resiliencia de las familias. Objetivo: Este artículo describe el estudio del desarrollo de tres familias a lo largo de 15 años, a través de entrevistas en domicilio, parte de una cohorte poblacional de un barrio de Porto Alegre (RS). Se buscaron correlaciones entre la calidad de las relaciones de esas familias y su salud física y mental, especialmente la del hijo foco de la investigación. Métodos: Fueron seleccionadas en el archivo de la investigación las tres primeras familias (de un total de 148) de las cuales se tenían los resultados completos de las cinco visitas realizadas, a los 4 meses, y a los 2, 4, 9, y 15 años de un hijo. Fue realizado un análisis cualitativo de los registros en busca de categorías para comprender la vida y las relaciones interpersonales en las familias. El estudio fue hecho en conjunto por dos investigadoras, médicas especialistas en desarrollo humano. Las categorías identificadas en el análisis y estudiadas en las cinco etapas fueron: configuración familiar, situación socioeconómica, situaciones traumáticas, salud física, salud relacional y mental, evolución cognitiva y escolar del hijo. Resultados: Las tres familias, todas de clase C, con hijos sin problemas de salud física, tuvieron evolución suficientemente buena, a pesar de que todas enfrentaron múltiples problemas, incluso separaciones y muertes precoces. La relación con el sistema de salud y escuela era buena y similar para las tres. La joven con menos problemas de salud mental fue aquella que sufrió las mayores pérdidas: muerte de los padres. Tenía una estructura familiar multigeneracional sólida desde la primera infancia, con relaciones interpersonales predominantemente colaborativas y amorosas. Conclusiones: El artículo pretende avanzar en la comprensión de la resiliencia en las familias en situaciones de vulnerabilidad. Concluimos que esas tres familias, una de ellas más que las otras, fueron suficientemente saludables en la tarea de educar a sus hijos sin que desarrollaran problemas mentales graves. Proponemos que el buen desarrollo se asocia con el amor y adecuación de los cuidados a la etapa del ciclo vital, aun enfrentando situaciones problemáticas. Esas calidades necesitan estar asociadas a la estabilidad socioeconómica básica y buenos servicios de salud y escuela.

Medical faculty's perception of students' mental health: a qualitative survey study / Percepción de los profesores de medicina sobre la salud mental de los estudiantes: un estudio cualitativo / Percepção dos docentes de medicina sobre a saúde mental dos estudantes: um estudo qualitativo

This study sought to explore the perspective of medical faculty on the mental health of their students. This qualitative study based on a focus group is part of a longitudinal research that studied the mental health of Brazilian students. One group was conducted with faculty employed at a medical school. Topics discussed covered the concept of mental health and medical education. Six professors participated in one group. The mental health of medical students is a construct that encompasses emotional aspects, ability to solve problems and multiple facets of a human being, according to the participants. Artistic practices, moments of socialization and leisure were perceived as stimulating students' good mental health. Excessive demands generate competitiveness and the teacher's expectation of the student's good performance based on their own experience can harm the student's mental health. Participants also highlighted that a pedagogical reformulation that makes sense for the student's learning process is necessary to update traditional curricula. Medical students' mental health is influenced by experiences and exchanges during the medical school, mainly between professor and student, understood as necessary and inherent to the process of becoming physician. The findings of this study show the need for curriculum changes in the medical education process and updating teacher training for good practices that reinforce good mental health.

Este estudio buscó explorar la perspectiva de los profesores de medicina sobre la salud mental de sus estudiantes. Este estudio cualitativo basado en un grupo focal es parte de una investigación longitudinal que estudió la salud mental de estudiantes brasileños. Un grupo se llevó a cabo con profesores empleados en una escuela de medicina. Los temas tratados abarcaron el concepto de salud mental y educación médica. Seis docentes participaron en un grupo. La salud mental de los estudiantes de medicina es un constructo que abarca aspectos emocionales, capacidad de resolución de problemas y múltiples facetas del ser humano, según los participantes. Las prácticas artísticas, los momentos de socialización y el ocio fueron percibidos como estimulantes de la buena salud mental de los estudiantes. Las exigencias excesivas generan competitividad y la expectativa del docente sobre el buen desempeño del estudiante basándose en su propia experiencia puede perjudicar la salud mental del estudiante. Los participantes también resaltaron que es necesaria una reformulación pedagógica que tenga sentido para el proceso de aprendizaje del estudiante para actualizar los currículos tradicionales. La salud mental de los estudiantes de medicina está influenciada por las experiencias y los intercambios durante la carrera de medicina, principalmente entre profesor y estudiante, entendidos como necesarios e inherentes al proceso de convertirse en médico. Los hallazgos de este estudio muestran la necesidad de cambios curriculares en el proceso de formación médica y de actualización de la formación docente hacia buenas prácticas que refuercen la buena salud mental.

Este estudo buscou explorar a perspectiva dos docentes de medicina sobre a saúde mental de seus alunos. Este estudo qualitativo baseado em grupo focal faz parte de uma pesquisa longitudinal que estudou a saúde mental de estudantes brasileiros. Um grupo foi conduzido com professores empregados em uma faculdade de medicina. Os temas discutidos abrangeram o conceito de saúde mental e educação médica. Seis professores participaram de um grupo. A saúde mental dos estudantes de medicina é um construto que engloba aspectos emocionais, capacidade de resolução de problemas e múltiplas facetas do ser humano, segundo os participantes. As práticas artísticas, os momentos de socialização e de lazer foram percebidos como estimuladores da boa saúde mental dos estudantes. Exigências excessivas geram competitividade e a expectativa do professor pelo bom desempenho do aluno com base na própria experiência pode prejudicar a saúde mental do aluno. Os participantes destacaram também que é necessária uma reformulação pedagógica que faça sentido para o processo de aprendizagem do aluno para atualizar os currículos tradicionais. A saúde mental dos estudantes de medicina é influenciada pelas experiências e trocas durante o curso de medicina, principalmente entre professor e aluno, entendidas como necessárias e inerentes ao processo de tornar-se médico. Os achados deste estudo mostram a necessidade de mudanças curriculares no processo de formação médica e de atualização da formação docente para boas práticas que reforcem a boa saúde mental.

Narcissism, perfectionism, and self-promoting behavior on social networking sites among university students in Pakistan / Narcisismo, perfeccionismo y comportamiento de autopromoción en sitios de redes sociales entre estudiantes universitarios en Pakistán

Existe un debate considerable en la literatura sobre cómo el narcisismo predice diversos comportamientos asociados con la utilidad de los sitios de redes sociales, pero los investigadores han prestado menos atención a explorar los mediadores potenciales de esta relación. Con base en la literatura existente, anticipamos que el narcisismo predice comportamientos de autopromoción en los sitios de redes sociales. El estudio actual también investigó el papel mediador del perfeccionismo multidimensional entre el narcisismo y el comportamiento de autopromoción. Se recopiló un total de 605 cuestionarios completos de estudiantes de universidades de Rawalpindi e Islamabad, Pakistán, mediante un muestreo conveniente. El estudio utilizó el Inventario de Personalidad Narcisista (Ames et al., 2006), un cuestionario de desarrollo propio sobre comportamiento de autopromoción en sitios de redes sociales y la Escala de Perfeccionismo Multidimensional (Hewitt et al., 1991). Los hallazgos indicaron que las mujeres en comparación con los hombres y las solteras en comparación con las casadas obtuvieron puntuaciones más altas en narcisismo. Los niveles educativos más altos se asociaron con tasas más altas de narcisismo. Los resultados también sugieren que el narcisismo se correlaciona con el perfeccionismo orientado a uno mismo y, más significativamente, con el narcisismo orientado a los demás. El perfeccionismo orientado a uno mismo y a los demás medió significativamente la relación entre el narcisismo y el comportamiento de autopromoción en los sitios de redes sociales.(AU)

There is considerable debate in the literature about how narcis-sism predicts various behaviors associated with the utility of social net-working sites, but researchers have paid less attention to exploring the po-tential mediators of this relationship.Based on the existing literature, we anticipated that narcissism predicts self-promoting behaviors on social networking sites. The current study also investigated the mediating role of multidimensional perfectionismbetween narcissism and self-promoting behavior. A total of 605 complete questionnaires weregathered fromstu-dents from universities from Rawalpindi and Islamabad, Pakistan using convenient sampling. The study used Narcissistic Personality Inventory (Ames et al., 2006), self-developed Self-promoting Behavior on social net-working sites questionnaire, and the Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale (Hewitt et al., 1991). Findings indicated that females as compared to males and single as comparedto married individuals scored higher on narcissism. Higher educational levels were associated with higher rates of narcissism. The results also suggestthat narcissism correlated with self-oriented per-fectionism, and more significantlywith others-oriented narcissism. Self-oriented and others-oriented perfectionism significantly mediated the rela-tionship between narcissism and self-promoting behavior on social net-working sites.(AU)

Mental health of nursing students regarding the Moroccan earthquake: A cross-sectional study.

OBJECTIVE: In addition to the economic and social impact, mental health issues are one of health needs during natural disaster such as earthquake. Thus, surveillance for mental health variables is crucial for public health planning. Nursing students as professional students may be particularly vulnerable to adverse mental health effects after an earthquake because of their potential role in emergency response and the challenges associated with providing medical care in crisis conditions. The aim of this research was to assess the mental health of students after six months of the Moroccan earthquake and associated factors. METHOD: A cross-sectional survey of student nurses was conducted on March 2024; six months after the Moroccan earthquake in front to 261 students using class sampling method. Three validated psychometric measures, Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PCL-C), Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21), and The Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) were used to assess the nursing student mental health after Moroccan earthquake. RESULTS: Anxiety, Depression, Stress and abnormal post-traumatic stress rank was present respectively in 44.8%, 37.1%, 7.7%, 61.3% of participants. However, a minority of students obtained the high resilience score (13.8%). The results showed that the DAS scale correlated negatively with age (p = 0.034). Furthermore, the female gender, 3rd grade students (as final year for the nursing diploma) and those who had lost a family member in the natural disaster obtained higher medians with a significant difference in the DAS scale score (p < 0.05). The post-traumatic stress scale was only affected by material damage (p = 0.044). However, the high level of scores resilience obtained significantly for students living with their families. In contrast, no association between the mental health of nursing students and attending the phenomenon or living near earthquake foci. CONCLUSION: This study has demonstrated the crucial need to train healthcare providers in emotion management in the event of a natural disaster, and to launch a priori initiatives, particularly with regard to the mental health of students in health universities, in order to prepare them psychologically for any intervention in the case of an alert.

Low-income fathers are emotionally resilient: A qualitative exploration of paternal emotions across early parenting.

Emotions play an important role in fostering positive parenting and healthy child development. This qualitative study explored the affective experiences of racially diverse US fathers with low income across the prenatal, postnatal, and early childhood periods. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 24 fathers. Interview questions asked about fathers' early parenting experiences that elicit parenting emotions of different valence. Results from thematic analysis demonstrated activation of multiple emotions depending on different proximal and distal experiences. Specific to proximal experiences, fathers reported feeling both excited and anxious about pregnancy and joyful and disappointed at childbirth. Related to distal experiences, fathers reported feeling encouraged by their social support networks that further aid their parenting, but feeling marginalized given systematic barriers (e.g., societal bias, high incarceration rates of Black fathers). Most importantly, fathers' parenting emotions, especially negative ones, led to them resolving to stay involved in their children's lives, gaining a sense of responsibility, and changing behaviors to do right by their children. Fathers resorted to various coping strategies to regulate their negative emotions. Overall, fathers with low income are emotionally resilient. Infant and early childhood health professionals should support fathers' mental health to promote father-child engagement and thus, ultimately, young children's mental health and wellbeing.

Las emociones juegan un papel importante en fomentar una crianza positiva y un saludable desarrollo del niño. Este estudio cualitativo exploró las experiencias afectivas de papás de Estados Unidos de bajos recursos económicos que son racialmente diversos a lo largo de los períodos prenatal, postnatal y la temprana niñez. Se llevaron a cabo entrevistas semiestructuradas con 24 papás. Las preguntas de la entrevista trataban acerca de las tempranas experiencias de crianza de los papás que provocaban emociones de crianza de valencia diferente. Los resultados de análisis temáticos demostraron la activación de múltiples emociones dependiendo de diferentes emociones proximales y distales. Específico a las experiencias proximales, los papás reportaron sentirse tanto emocionados como ansiosos acerca del embarazo y alegres y decepcionados al momento del nacimiento. Con relación a las experiencias distales, los papás reportaron sentirse animados por parte de sus redes de apoyo social que ayudaron en su acercamiento a la crianza y sentirse marginalizados dadas las barreras sistemáticas. De manera más importante, las emociones de crianza de los papás especialmente las negativas, les llevaron a decidir mantenerse involucrados en las vidas de sus niños, adquiriendo un sentido de responsabilidad y cambiando conductas para hacer lo correcto con sus niños. Los papás recurrieron a varias estrategias para regular sus emociones negativas. En general, los papás de bajas entradas económicas son emocionalmente fuertes. Los profesionales de la salud infantil y en la temprana niñez deben apoyar la salud mental de los papás para promover la compenetración papá­niño y a la larga, la salud mental y el bienestar de los niños pequeños.

[Postpartum progression of anxiety and depression levels in mothers of premature newborns]. / Progresión posparto de los niveles de ansiedad y depresión en madres de recién nacidos prematuros.

OBJECTIVE: The postpartum period represents a vulnerable time for women's mental health, especially for those with complications and prematurity. This study aims to explore the evolution of depression and anxiety levels during the 12 weeks postpartum in mothers of premature babies. DESIGN: Prospective study of two parallel cohorts. SETTING: Hospital Clínic of Barcelona. PARTICIPANTS: Women with obstetric complications [premature rupture of membranes or preeclampsia] requiring hospitalization and preterm delivery (< 37 weeks of gestation); 2) Women without complications with term delivery. MAIN MEASURES: Validated questionnaires were administered to measure anxiety (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, STAI) and depression (Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, EPDS) during the first week, and at 6 and 12 weeks postpartum. RESULTS: 182 women were analyzed: 90 with uncomplicated pregnancies and term deliveries, and 92 with complications requiring preterm delivery. During the follow-up, women with premature newborns showed a significantly unfavorable progression in depression (p <0.001) and anxiety (p <0.001) scores, as well as a higher proportion of abnormal scores on both scales (p <0.001 and p=0.004, respectively) CONCLUSIONS: Women with preterm delivery show higher anxiety and depression levels than those with term delivery during the 12 weeks postpartum. It is essential to ensure a seamless transition between care levels to effectively address postpartum mental health.

Evaluation of the effect of botulinum toxin A on the physical and mental health of patients with hemifacial spasm.

BACKGROUND: Hemifacial spasm (HFS) is a debilitating disease characterized by involuntary tonic and clonic contractions of muscles innervated by the facial nerve. Botulinum toxin A (BTX-A) is the first-line option and the most effective medical treatment for HFS. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of BTX-A therapy on the physical and mental health of HFS patients. METHODS: Participants included 65 HFS patients and 65 matched healthy controls in the study. Cornell Medical Index (CMI) self-assessment questionnaire was used to detect the psychological health of all participants. Local injection of BTX-A was applied, and the Cohen hierarchical criteria were employed to stratify the degree of spasticity, further evaluating the efficacy of BTX-A before and two months after treatment in HFS patients. The HFS patients at two months post-treatment were re-evaluated by CMI self-assessment questionnaire, and the evaluated factors of these patients were compared with those of patients before treatment. RESULTS: The scores of somatization, depression, anxiety, inadaptation, sensitivity, anger, tension, M-R, and total scores in the HFS group were significantly higher than those in the control group (all P<0.05). Two months post-treatment, among 65 HFS patients who received with BTX-A treatment, 42 (64.6%) were completely relieved, 16 (24.6%) were significantly relieved, 7 (10.8%) were partially relieved, and 0 (0%) cases were invalid, and the total effective rate was 89.2%. Two months after BTX-A treatment, the scores of somatization, tension, anxiety, depression, sensitivity, M-R and total scores of patients with HFS were lower than those before treatment (all P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Patients with HFS are often accompanied by somatization, anger, inadaptation, sensitivity, anxiety, depression, and tension. BTX-A can not only alleviate the symptoms of HFS, but also improve the somatization, tension, anxiety, depression, and sensitivity.

Links between ethnic discrimination, mental health, protective factors, and hair cortisol concentrations in asylum seekers living in Germany.

Objective: Asylum seekers often experience ethnic discrimination on the flight or in the host country, which may be associated with chronic stress and impaired mental health. Dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, a known physiological correlate of chronic stress, can be assessed using hair cortisol concentrations (HCC). The present study aimed to investigate how different forms of perceived ethnic discrimination are associated with mental health outcomes, HCC, and protective factors in asylum seekers living in Germany.Methods: Somatic symptoms (PHQ-15), symptoms of posttraumatic stress (PDS), depressive symptoms (PHQ-9), different forms of ethnic discrimination (active harm, passive harm, institutional discrimination), and protective factors (in-group identification, social support) were assessed cross-sectionally in 144 asylum seekers (average age 32 years, average duration of stay in Germany nine months; 67% men). HCC were obtained from 68 participants. Multiple regression analyses were conducted and social support and in-group identification were tested as potential moderators.Results: Active ethnic discrimination was positively associated with all assessed mental health outcomes, and all forms of ethnic discrimination positively correlated with depressive symptoms. Ethnic discrimination was not associated with HCC. When controlling for other possible influences (e.g. age, gender, traumatic events), passive harm was negatively associated with depressive symptoms (ß = -0.17, p = .033) and active harm was positively associated (ß = 0.28, p = .022) with somatic symptoms. After the inclusion of the protective factors, the associations were no longer significant. Lower social support was associated with higher depressive symptoms (ß = -0.35, p < .001), posttraumatic stress (ß = -0.77, p < .001), and somatic symptoms (ß = -0.32, p < .001), but did not moderate the associations between ethnic discrimination and the mental health outcomes.Conclusions: Perceived ethnic discrimination may negatively influence asylum seekers' mental health but does not seem to be associated with HCC. Social support was associated with psychological symptom severity, but did not buffer the effects of ethnic discrimination on mental health.

The study examined the relationship between ethnic and institutional discrimination, protective factors (social support and in-group identification), hair cortisol concentrations (HCC) and mental health in asylum seekers.Ethnic discrimination was associated with mental health outcomes and social support, but not with HCC.Lower social support was associated with higher depressive and somatic symptoms, but did not moderate the relationship between ethnic discrimination and mental health.

Explaining post-traumatic stress symptoms and sleep disturbance in Ukrainian civilians: perceived threat versus objective war exposure.

Objective: This study investigated the impact of war exposure on post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) and sleep disturbance across Ukraine. Subjective and objective indicators of war exposure were modelled as predictors of these symptoms.Methods: We created two predictors: first, we used governmental and crowd-sourced data to create an objective war exposure index for each of the 21 non-occupied regions of Ukraine, based on the number of air raid alarms, explosions, and proximity to frontline; and second, we obtained self-report cross-sectional data, using convenience sampling, from a nation-wide survey (N = 991) on subjective experience of threat triggered by the war. The survey also measured the outcome variables of PTSS and sleep disturbance. Hierarchical multilevel regressions modelled the relationship of this objective war exposure index with the two outcome variables, after accounting for demographics. A final regression step modelled subjective threat as predictor of these symptoms.Results: We observed strongly elevated levels of PTSS and sleep disturbance and strong regional differences in objective and subjective war indicators. Objective war exposure predicted PTSS but not sleep disturbance, whereas subjective threat predicted both symptom domains.Conclusion: The study demonstrates the utility of objective war exposure data for predicting the prevalence of PTSS in the different regions. The results further underscore the prominent role of subjective appraisal processes in the symptomatology of PTSS and sleep disturbance, thus informing theories on trauma-related disorders. Our results can guide the allocation of mental health services by identifying highly affected regions.

Objective data on air raid alarms and explosions have been prospectively collected in Ukraine.We related those objective data to symptom reports of 991 responders in most Ukraine regions.Objective data explained symptoms of post-traumatic stress but not sleep disturbance.

Assessing skills in psychiatry. Experience and implementation of OSCE for medical students.

INTRODUCTION: Medical education has been changing, and the evaluation strategies that make it possible to address not only theoretical knowledge but also clinical skills. In Mental Health, these skills play a central role. The Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE) is one of the evaluations that could assess clinical skills. This article describes the implementation and performance for the evaluation of undergraduate students since the OSCE's introduction in 2015. METHODS: An explanation of the implementation is made, and a description of the OSCEs carried out to undergraduate medical students in the second semester of mental health, using the databases of the final practical examinations during those years. The perception of mental health teachers is also described. RESULTS: The mental health OSCE implemented in 2015-2, is developed in the Simulated Hospital of the University and has five stations (interview, mental examination, diagnosis, treatment and information to the family and ethics). Between 2016-2 and 2019-2, 486 students performed OSCE with an average score of 3.85 (scale 0-5). It was observed that the grade obtained when evaluating anxiety disorders was below average, that of affective disorders above average, while that of psychotic disorders was within the average. The professors highlight the versatility, the comprehensive objective evaluation of the practical and theoretical aspects, and the possibility of comparison between the different groups. CONCLUSIONS: The OSCE is an examination that provides the possibility to evaluate the competences in psychiatry of medical students and allows the identification of the aspects to be improved in the teaching learning process.

Description of a telehealth mental health programme in the framework of the COVID-19 pandemic in Colombia.

BACKGROUND: A telehealth mental health programme was designed at the LivingLab of the Faculty of Medicine of the Universidad de Antioquia [University of Antioquia]. OBJECTIVES: To describe the development and operation of the programme and evaluate the satisfaction of the patients treated during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 and 2021. METHODS: Descriptive study that details the development of the programme. Data were extracted from medical records to describe the patients who were treated. A satisfaction scale was applied to a random sample and the data were summarised with descriptive statistics. RESULTS: In March 2020 and August 2021, 10,229 patients were treated, with 20,276 treated by telepsychology and 4,164 by psychiatry, 1,808 by telepsychiatry and 2,356 by tele-expertise, with a total of 6,312 visits. The most frequent diagnoses were depressive (36.8%), anxiety (12.0%), and psychotic (10.7%) disorders. Respondents were satisfied to the point that more than 93% would recommend it to another person. CONCLUSIONS: The LivingLab telehealth mental health programme allowed for the care of patients with mental health problems and disorders in Antioquia during the first two years of the COVID-19 pandemic, and there was a high degree of satisfaction among the beneficiaries. Therefore it could be adopted in mental health care.

Prevalence and correlates of ICD-11-based prolonged grief disorder in a representative Slovakian sample of recently bereaved adults.

Background: Prolonged Grief Disorder (PGD) has recently been included in both the ICD-11 and DSM-5-TR diagnostic manuals. Studying its prevalence and correlates across cultures is vital for more effective identification, treatment, and prevention.Objective: This study aimed to examine prevalence rates of ICD-11-based PGD, in a representative Slovakian sample in response to deaths of loved ones occurring during the previous year. Further aims were to examine the factor structure of PGD symptoms and correlates of summed PGD item scores and PGD 'caseness'.Method: Self-reported data on PGD, depression, anxiety, alcohol use, and descriptive characteristics were gathered from a representative sample of the Slovak population (N = 319).Results: Data were gathered from N = 1853 people; 319 participants (17.2%) reported a loss in the past year. The prevalence of probable PGD among these bereaved participants was 1.99% for recent losses (<6 months, n = 151) and 7.75% for more distant losses (6-12 months, n = 130). The most frequently endorsed symptoms included longing/yearning for the deceased, sadness, denial/unrealness, and difficulty accepting the death. PGD symptoms had a unitary factor structure which was consistent for subsamples bereaved 1-5 and 6-12 months. The severity of PGD varied with kinship. Depression and anxiety, but not alcohol misuse, were associated with PGD severity and PGD caseness.Conclusions: These findings underscore that a significant group of people develop PGD between 6-12 months following a loss. This emphasises the need for targeted psychological interventions.

Prolonged Grief Disorder (PGD) is newly included in ICD-11 and knowledge about its prevalence and correlates in the general population is urgently needed.In a representative Slovakian sample (N = 1853), 319 people (17.2%) reported a loss during the past year; 7.75% of people, bereaved 6­12 months earlier, met criteria for ICD-11-based PGD.PGD severity and caseness were associated with kinship (but less strongly with other sociodemographic and loss characteristics) and with depression and anxiety (but less strongly with problematic alcohol use).At 6­12 months following loss, PGD seems fairly common in the general population and timely identification and mitigation of PGD is an important public health issue.

Representaciones sociales sobre diabetes tipo 2 en pacientes del área Metropolitana de Buenos Aires, Argentina

Introducción: Las características y complejidad de la diabetes mellitus tipo 2 motivan la necesidad de un abordaje multi e interdisciplinario. El estudio persigue caracterizar las representaciones sociales de la diabetes mellitus tipo 2 que posee un grupo de pacientes adultos, residentes en Área Metropolitana de Buenos Aires, Argentina Método: Estudio cuantitativo, descriptivo, corte transversal. Se aplicó cuestionario sociodemográfico elaborado ad hoc y técnica de palabras asociadas. Participaron 90 pacientes adultos, reclutados principalmente del servicio de diabetológica del Hospital de Clínicas "José de San Martin" dependiente de la Universidad de Buenos Aires. Resultados: El núcleo de la representación social estuvo integrado por palabras referidas al impacto y malestar emocional que causa esta patología; la identidad de la enfermedad y la necesidad de cuidado de la salud. La periferia contuvo los siguientes temas, de mayor a menor importancia: obesidad, complicaciones de la diabetes, plan alimentario, tratamiento médico y medicación. En menor medida, se mencionaron elementos como actividad física y sedentarismo. De manera tangencial, surgieron los elementos de desinformación y sexualidad. Discusión: La representación social de la diabetes mellitus tipo 2 en pacientes se caracteriza por reflejar, en su núcleo, el temor, impacto y malestar que causa esta enfermedad. La reproducción del discurso médico mediante los temas referidos a factores de riesgo, complicaciones y tratamiento, conforman el sistema periférico de la representación. Elementos importantes tales como actividad física, sedentarismo, desinformación y sexualidad, son poco mencionados. Se destaca la importancia de la salud mental, como una problemática central a abordar en este tipo de patologías. También se sugiere implementación de educación terapéutica.

Introduction: Characteristics and complexity of type 2 diabetes generates the need for a multi and interdisciplinary approach. The aim of the study is to characterize social representations of type 2 diabetes in a group of adult patients, living in the Metropolitan Area of Buenos Aires, Argentina. Method: Descriptive and cross-sectional design. An ad-hoc sociodemographic questionnaire and the associated words technique were applied. 90 adult patients participated, recruited mainly from a diabetes service of a public hospital. Results: The core of the social representation was made up of words referring to the impact and emotional discomfort caused by this pathology, the identity of the disease and the need for health care. The periphery contained the following topics, from most to least important: obesity, diabetes complications, eating plan, medical treatment, and medication. Elements such as physical activity and sedentary lifestyle were mentioned to a lesser extent. Also, misinformation and sexuality were mentioned tangentially. Discussion: Social representation of type 2 diabetes in patients is characterized by reflecting at its core, the fear, impact and discomfort that this disease causes. The reproduction of medical discourse, through topics related to risk factors, complications and treatment, make up the peripheral system of representation. Important elements such as physical activity, sedentary lifestyle, misinformation and sexuality are rarely mentioned. The importance of mental health is highlighted as a central problem to be addressed in this type of pathology. Also, it's suggested the implementation of therapeutic education.

Efecto de la inteligencia emocional en la salud mental de los trabajadores del Poder Judicial en Iberoamérica

El trabajador en las diferentes áreas del poder judicial contribuye a agilizar dicho servicio, mejorando la atención al público, agilizando procesos que redundan en beneficio de los justiciables y a la sociedad en general, en la realización de este trabajo están sometidos a condiciones de estrés, su salud metal depende en gran medida de su inteligencia emocional y de la forma que sea capaz de manejarla. Esta investigación, de enfoque cualitativo, tuvo como objetivo reflexionar sobre la información científica orientada a brindar una visión general de Inteligencia emocional a nivel de Iberoamérica y sus efectos en la salud mental. Para ello, se realizó una búsqueda sistemática en español e inglés con las palabras clave inteligencia emocional, poder judicial, salud metal; arrojando un total de 64900 artículos. Seguidamente, se realizó la depuración a través de la revisión de títulos y resúmenes, quedando 21 artículos. Finalmente, se llevó a cabo el examen del total de los documentos siendo 16 investigaciones las que contaban con todos los criterios de inclusión y calidad, pasando a formar parte del estudio. Las bases de datos empleadas para esta revisión fueron: Scopus, Science Direct, EBSCO, Proquest, Scielo y Redalyc. Los resultados de esta investigación determinaron que, con el beneficio de esta práctica, hubo de reducción de los niveles de agresión de tipo verbal, en comparación, a los efectos alcanzados en agresión física, hostilidad e ira, hacia los usuarios que cuando no maneja la inteligencia emocional.

The worker in the different areas of the judiciary contributes to streamline said service, improving customer service, streamlining judicial processes that benefit the defendants and society in general. This research, with a qualitative approach, aimed to compare the different scientific articles aimed at providing an overview of Emotional Intelligence at the Ibero-American level. For this, a systematic search was carried out in Spanish and English with the keywords emotional intelligence, judicial power; yielding a total of 64900 articles. Subsequently, the debugging was carried out through the review of titles and abstracts, leaving 21 articles. Finally, a total examination of the documents was carried out, 16 investigations being those that had all the inclusion and quality criteria, becoming part of the study. The databases used for this review were: Scopus, Science Direct, EBSCO, Proquest, Scielo and Redalyc. The results of this research determined that, The results obtained showed a similarity in the research designs, which were carried out in their entirety with the non-experimental design. There was a general reduction in the levels of verbal aggression, in comparison, to the effects achieved in physical aggression, hostility and anger, when emotional intelligence is handled.

O trabalhador nas diferentes áreas do poder judiciário contribui para agilizar o referido serviço, melhorando o atendimento ao público, agilizando processos judiciais que beneficiam os réus e a sociedade em geral. Esta investigação, de abordagem qualitativa, teve como objetivo comparar os diferentes artigos científicos que visam fornecer uma visão geral da inteligência emocional a nível da Ibero-América. Para tanto, foi realizada uma busca sistemática em espanhol e inglês com as palavras-chave inteligência emocional, poder judicial; rendendo um total de 64.900 artigos. Em seguida, foi realizada a purificação por meio da revisão de títulos e resumos, restando 21 artigos. Por fim, foi realizado o exame total dos documentos, sendo 16 investigações que atenderam a todos os critérios de inclusão e qualidade, passando a fazer parte do estudo. As bases de dados utilizadas para esta revisão foram: Scopus, Science Direct, EBSCO, Proquest, Scielo e Redalyc. Os resultados desta pesquisa determinaram que, Os resultados obtidos mostraram semelhança nos desenhos de pesquisa, que foram realizados integralmente com o desenho não experimental. Houve uma redução geral nos níveis de agressão verbal, em comparação, aos efeitos alcançados na agressão física, hostilidade e raiva, quando a inteligência emocional é gerenciada.

Ansiedad, depresión y calidad del sueño en estudiantes de Odontología

La calidad del sueño en los estudiantes es un factor esencial que influye en el correcto desarrollo de los procesos cognitivos del aprendizaje, así como en la calidad de vida y la salud mental y física de los futuros profesionales. Objetivo: Evaluar la relación entre la ansiedad, la depresión y la calidad del sueño en estudiantes de la carrera de Odontología de la Universidad Nacional del Altiplano de Puno. Materiales y métodos: Estudio de tipo observacional de cohorte transversal con la participación de 78 estudiantes, con edad promedio de 22.63±2.87 años, con una distribución de género de 32 varones (41,0 %) y 46 mujeres (59,0 %). Se utilizó la escala de valoración de Hamilton para la evaluación de la ansiedad y la depresión, con una consistencia interna de α = 0,88 y 0,86, respectivamente y el cuestionario de Pittsburgh para medir el índice de calidad del sueño (α = 0,87). Resultados: En el modelo predictivo los coeficientes estandarizados ß señalan que la ansiedad psíquica (ß = -,870; p<0,001), la depresión (ß = ,119; p<0,05) y el desarrollo de prácticas clínicas (ß = -0,019; p<0,05) fueron los factores que más contribuyeron significativamente al índice de calidad del sueño de los estudiantes. Conclusión: Estos hallazgos subrayan la importancia de abordar los problemas del sueño como parte integral del tratamiento de la ansiedad y la depresión, además de resaltar la necesidad de tener en cuenta la salud mental en la evaluación y el manejo de los trastornos del sueño.

The quality of sleep-in students is an essential factor that influences the correct development of cognitive learning processes, as well as the quality of life and the mental and physical health of future professionals. Objective: To evaluate the relationship between anxiety, depression and sleep quality in students of the Dentistry program at the National University of the Altiplano of Puno. Materials and methods: Observational cross-sectional cohort study with the participation of 78 students, with an average age of 22.63±2.87 years, with a gender distribution of 32 men (41.0%) and 46 women (59.0%). The Hamilton rating scale was used to evaluate anxiety and depression, with an internal consistency of α = 0.88 and 0.86, respectively, and the Pittsburgh questionnaire was used to measure the sleep quality index (α = 0.87). Results: In the predictive model, the standardized ß coefficients indicate that psychological anxiety (ß = -.870; p<0.001), depression (ß = .119; p<0.05) and the development of clinical practices (ß = -0.019; p<0.05) were the factors that contributed most significantly to the students' sleep quality index. Conclusion: These findings underscore the importance of addressing sleep problems as an integral part of the treatment of anxiety and depression, as well as highlighting the need to consider mental health in the assessment and management of sleep disorders.

A qualidade do sono dos estudantes é um fator essencial que influencia o correto desenvolvimento dos processos de aprendizagem cognitiva, bem como a qualidade de vida e a saúde mental e física dos futuros profissionais. Objetivo: Avaliar a relação entre ansiedade, depressão e qualidade do sono em estudantes do curso de Odontologia da Universidade Nacional do Altiplano de Puno. Materiais e métodos: Estudo de coorte transversal observacional com a participação de 78 estudantes, com idade média de 22,63±2,87 anos, com distribuição por género de 32 homens (41,0%) e 46 mulheres (59,0%). A escala de avaliação de Hamilton foi utilizada para avaliar ansiedade e depressão, com consistência interna de α = 0,88 e 0,86, respectivamente, e o questionário de Pittsburgh foi utilizado para mensurar o índice de qualidade do sono (α = 0,87). Resultados: No modelo preditivo, os coeficientes ß padronizados indicam que a ansiedade psicológica (ß = -0,870; p<0,001), a depressão (ß = 0,119; p<0,05) e o desenvolvimento de práticas clínicas (ß = -0,019; p<0,05) foram os fatores que mais contribuíram significativamente para o índice de qualidade do sono dos estudantes. Conclusão: Estas descobertas sublinham a importância de abordar os problemas do sono como parte integrante do tratamento da ansiedade e da depressão, bem como realçam a necessidade de considerar a saúde mental na avaliação e gestão dos distúrbios do sono.

Análisis bibliométrico de instrumentos de medición de la ira en el marco de salud mental

El artículo buscó como objetivo identificar el conocimiento acerca de la ira y los instrumentos psicométricos diseñados para evaluarla en el marco de la salud mental. En la metodología se consideró las bases de datos de Dialnet, Scielo, Google Scholar, Sciencedirect y Scopus, llegando a 26,290 artículos. De esta cifra, 11,523 artículos fueron eliminados debido a la condición de duplicación, y otros 7,523 por no encontrarse en un idioma elegible o por ser un documento incompleto. Además, se excluyeron 4,933 artículos cuyas temáticas no estaban relacionadas con los test de ira en el marco de la salud mental. Luego, se obtuvieron 2,311 artículos; pero tras una revisión manual, se eliminaron 1,259 más. Posteriormente, fue posible recuperar un total de 1,052. De estos, se seleccionaron 140 para análisis. Finalmente, después analizar la finalidad que buscaba cada artículo, quedaron un total de 50 artículos enfocados en instrumentos psicométricos que evalúan la ira en el marco de salud mental. Estableciéndose en los resultados que, la base de datos con la mayor frecuencia de estudios encontrados es Sciencedirect, con un 36% del total de estudios, además, España es el país con la mayor frecuencia de estudios encontrados, representando el 38% del total. Concluyendo que, los instrumentos más frecuentemente empleados se encuentran el STAXI-2, seguido del DAS y el DAX.

The objective of the article was to identify knowledge about anger and the psychometric instruments designed to evaluate it in the framework of mental health. The methodology considered the databases of Dialnet, Scielo, Google Scholar, Sciencedirect and Scopus, reaching 26,290 articles. Of this figure, 11,523 articles were eliminated due to duplication status, and another 7,523 because they were not in an eligible language or because they were an incomplete document. In addition, 4,933 articles were excluded whose topics were not related to anger tests in the framework of mental health. Then, 2,311 articles were obtained; but after a manual review, 1,259 more were removed. Subsequently, it was possible to recover a total of 1,052. Of these, 140 were selected for analysis. Finally, after analyzing the purpose sought by each article, there were a total of 50 articles focused on psychometric instruments that evaluate anger in the mental health framework. Establishing in the results that the database with the highest frequency of studies found is Sciencedirect, with 36% of the total studies, in addition, Spain is the country with the highest frequency of studies found, representing 38% of the total. Concluding that, the most frequently used instruments are the STAXI-2, followed by the DAS and the DAX.

O objetivo do artigo foi identificar o conhecimento sobre a raiva e os instrumentos psicométricos concebidos para avaliá-la no âmbito da saúde mental. A metodologia considerou as bases de dados Dialnet, Scielo, Google Scholar, Sciencedirect e Scopus, chegando a 26.290 artigos. Desse número, 11.523 artigos foram eliminados por estarem duplicados e outros 7.523 por não estarem em idioma elegível ou por serem documentos incompletos. Além disso, foram excluídos 4.933 artigos cujos temas não estavam relacionados aos testes de raiva no âmbito da saúde mental. Obtiveram-se então 2.311 artigos; mas após uma revisão manual, mais 1.259 foram removidos. Posteriormente, foi possível recuperar um total de 1.052. Destes, 140 foram selecionados para análise. Por fim, após análise da finalidade buscada por cada artigo, obteve-se um total de 50 artigos focados em instrumentos psicométricos que avaliam a raiva no âmbito da saúde mental. Estabelecendo nos resultados que a base de dados com maior frequência de estudos encontrados é a Sciencedirect, com 36% do total de estudos, além disso, a Espanha é o país com maior frequência de estudos encontrados, representando 38% do total. Concluindo que os instrumentos mais utilizados são o STAXI-2, seguido do DAS e do DAX.

Ansiedad, depresión y calidad del sueño en estudiantes de Odontología / Anxiety, depression and sleep quality in dental students / Ansiedade, depressão e qualidade do sono em estudantes de Odontologia

La calidad del sueño en los estudiantes es un factor esencial que influye en el correcto desarrollo de los procesos cognitivos del aprendizaje, así como en la calidad de vida y la salud mental y física de los futuros profesionales. Objetivo: evaluar la relación entre la ansiedad, la depresión y la calidad del sueño en estudiantes de la carrera de Odontología de la Universidad Nacional del Altiplano de Puno. Materiales y métodos: estudio de tipo observacional de cohorte transversal con la participación de 78 estudiantes, con edad promedio de 22.63±2.87 años, con una distribución de género de 32 varones (41,0 %) y 46 mujeres (59,0 %). Se utilizó la escala de valoración de Hamilton para la evaluación de la ansiedad y la depresión, con una consistencia interna de α = 0,88 y 0,86, respectivamente y el cuestionario de Pittsburgh para medir el índice de calidad del sueño (α = 0,87). Resultados: en el modelo predictivo los coeficientes estandarizados ß señalan que la ansiedad psíquica (ß = -,870; p<0,001), la depresión (ß = ,119; p<0,05) y el desarrollo de prácticas clínicas (ß = -0,019; p<0,05) fueron los factores que más contribuyeron significativamente al índice de calidad del sueño de los estudiantes. Conclusión: estos hallazgos subrayan la importancia de abordar los problemas del sueño como parte integral del tratamiento de la ansiedad y la depresión, además de resaltar la necesidad de tener en cuenta la salud mental en la evaluación y el manejo de los trastornos del sueño

The quality of sleep-in students is an essential factor that influences the correct development of cognitive learning processes, as well as the quality of life and the mental and physical health of future professionals. Objective: to evaluate the relationship between anxiety, depression and sleep quality in students of the Dentistry program at the National University of the Altiplano of Puno. Materials and methods: observational cross-sectional cohort study with the participation of 78 students, with an average age of 22.63±2.87 years, with a gender distribution of 32 men (41.0%) and 46 women (59.0%). The Hamilton rating scale was used to evaluate anxiety and depression, with an internal consistency of α = 0.88 and 0.86, respectively, and the Pittsburgh questionnaire was used to measure the sleep quality index (α = 0.87). Results: in the predictive model, the standardized ß coefficients indicate that psychological anxiety (ß = -.870; p<0.001), depression (ß = .119; p<0.05) and the development of clinical practices (ß = -0.019; p<0.05) were the factors that contributed most significantly to the students' sleep quality index. Conclusion: these findings underscore the importance of addressing sleep problems as an integral part of the treatment of anxiety and depression, as well as highlighting the need to consider mental health in the assessment and management of sleep disorders

A qualidade do sono dos estudantes é um fator essencial que influencia o correto desenvolvimento dos processos de aprendizagem cognitiva, bem como a qualidade de vida e a saúde mental e física dos futuros profissionais. Objetivo: avaliar a relação entre ansiedade, depressão e qualidade do sono em estudantes do curso de Odontologia da Universidade Nacional do Altiplano de Puno. Materiais e métodos: estudo de coorte transversal observacional com a participação de 78 estudantes, com idade média de 22,63±2,87 anos, com distribuição por género de 32 homens (41,0%) e 46 mulheres (59,0%). A escala de avaliação de Hamilton foi utilizada para avaliar ansiedade e depressão, com consistência interna de α = 0,88 e 0,86, respectivamente, e o questionário de Pittsburgh foi utilizado para mensurar o índice de qualidade do sono (α = 0,87). Resultados: no modelo preditivo, os coeficientes ß padronizados indicam que a ansiedade psicológica (ß = -0,870; p<0,001), a depressão (ß = 0,119; p<0,05) e o desenvolvimento de práticas clínicas (ß = -0,019; p<0,05) foram os fatores que mais contribuíram significativamente para o índice de qualidade do sono dos estudantes. Conclusão: estas descobertas sublinham a importância de abordar os problemas do sono como parte integrante do tratamento da ansiedade e da depressão, bem como realçam a necessidade de considerar a saúde mental na avaliação e gestão dos distúrbios do sono