Improving the textural and nutritional properties in restructured meat loaf by adding fibers and papain designed for elderly.

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of dietary fibers (apple, oat, pea, and inulin) in meat loaves treated with papain enzyme. In the first step, dietary fibers were added to the products at the level of 6%. All dietary fibers decreased the cooking loss and improved the water retention capacity throughout the shelf life of the meat loaves. Besides, the dietary fibers increased the compression force of meat loaves treated with papain, mainly oat fiber. The dietary fibers decreased the pH, especially the treatment with apple fiber. In the same way, the color was changed mainly by the apple fiber addition, resulting in a darker color in both raw and cooked samples. TBARS index increased in meat loaves added with both pea and apple fibers, mostly for the last one. In the next step, the combination of inulin, oat, and pea fibers was evaluated in the meat loaves treated with papain, combining fibers up to 6% total content likewise decreased cooking and cooling loss and increased the texture of the papain-treated meat loaf. The addition of fibers improved the acceptability of the texture-related samples, except for the three-fiber mixture (inulin, oat, and pea), which was related to a dry, hard-to-swallow texture. The mix of pea and oat fibers conferred the best descriptive attributes, possibly related to improved texture and water retention in the meat loaf, and comparing the use of isolated oat and pea, the perception of negative sensory attributes was not mentioned, such as soy and other off-flavors. Considering these results, this study showed that dietary fibers combined with papain improved the yielding and functional properties with potential technological use and consistent nutritional claims for elderly.

Analysis in silico of chemical reactivity employing the local hyper-softness in some classic aromatic compounds, boron aromatic clusters and all-metal aromatic clusters.

In the current work, the authors analyzed and compared the chemical behavior of some (anti)aromatic compounds. The species selected are benzene and cyclobutadiene as the aromatic and antiaromatic classical examples, respectively. Next, the anion Al 4 2 - , which is the first all-metal molecule catalogued as aromatic and its non-metallic isoelectronic analog, B 4 2 - were also analyzed. The antiaromatic clusters Al 4 4 - and B 4 4 - were studied in form of lithium salts. And the end, the non-planar B 12 boron cluster and its isoelectronic analogs ( B 11 Be - and B 11 C + ) were considered for being analyzed under the same criterium. The analysis was realized employing the following descriptors: molecular electrostatic potential and local hyper-softness to get insights concerning local reactivity when facing reagents leading to ionic or covalent interactions. The results show that all the molecules analyzed presented some specific variations in their respective local reactivity despite being labeled as aromatic compounds. This analysis provides a notion that the local reactivity is more based on the nature of the atoms and the molecular geometry than the aromatic character by itself.

Effect of Aging on the Quality of Breast Meat from Broilers Affected by Wooden Breast Myopathy.

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of aging on the quality of breast meat from broilers affected of wooden breast. Samples that were classified as normal (control), moderate (hardness verified only in one region of breast fillet), and severe (hardness verified in all the extension of breast fillet) were evaluated fresh and after three and seven days of aging. Normal samples and samples with a moderate degree of myopathy showed greater water-holding capacity, which may benefit the processing industry of poultry meat. During the aging process, increase was observed in total collagen concentration (from 0.41% in normal samples to 0.56% in samples with severe degree). Samples of chicken breast affected by moderate degree showed higher myofibril fragmentation index (MFI = 115) than normal chicken samples (95.65). Although chicken samples affected with severe degree of wooden breast myopathy are more tender than normal chicken breasts, they produce more exudate, which can be detrimental to the processing of poultry meat. The aging process may improve the reduction of cooking weight loss and protein loss in exudation of broilers' breasts affected by wooden breast myopathy.

Quality of turkeys breast meat affected by white striping myopathy.

The aim of this study was to characterize the breast meat of turkeys affected by different degrees of severity (normal [NORM], moderate [MOD], and severe [SEV]) of the white striping (WS) myopathy, as well as to evaluate the influence of this myopathy on meat quality. Twenty-nine samples of the pectoralis major muscles of each treatment were obtained from Nicholas breed male and female turkeys, reared and slaughtered in the center-west region of Brazil. The whole breasts of the turkeys were used for macroscopic classification, weight evaluation, and morphometric measurements. Then, the pectoralis major muscle was separated for histological evaluation and qualitative physicochemical analyses, namely ventral and dorsal color (L∗, a∗, and b∗), pH value, water holding capacity (WHC), cooking loss (CL), shear force (SF) (Meullenet-Owens Razor Shear [MORS] and Warner-Bratzler), sarcomere length, total, soluble, and insoluble collagen contents, proximate composition (protein, lipids, moisture, and ash), cholesterol content, and fatty acid profile. The results showed that muscles affected by myopathy, both MOD and SEV, exhibited larger weights (around 2.8 kg) compared to NORM muscles (1.3 kg) and a significant increase (P < 0.05) in the diameter of the fibers. The increase in the degree of severity of the myopathy increased (P < 0.05) the value of L∗ of the dorsal part and ventral part of the muscle. No differences (P > 0.05) were observed in the pH, CL, and WHC values of the muscles, whereas the MORS and Warner-Bratzler SF of the SEV fillets resulted in significantly lower shear values (P < 0.05) compared to the NORM fillets. In addition, the MOD and SEV fillets presented lower values of protein (P < 0.05) than NORM fillets. No significant differences (P > 0.05) were observed for moisture and lipid and cholesterol contents. Meat with MOD and SEV severity of WS myopathy had higher (P < 0.05) concentrations of total and insoluble collagen. Thus, the presence of WS myopathy in MOD and SEV degrees affected a large part of the histological and quality characteristics evaluated.

Interaction between papain and transglutaminase enzymes on the textural softening of burgers.

The present study investigated the effect of the enzymes papain (0.2%) and microbial transglutaminase (MTG) (1%) on the texture properties of beef and chicken burgers to develop a meat product with significant increase in softness due to the physiological limitations of the elderly. The products were characterized for pH, objective color, water activity, texture profile analysis (TPA), shear force, compression test, electrophoretic profile, cooking loss, and diameter reduction. A pronounced increase in softness was observed for both raw materials containing papain. An increase in shear force was observed for the beef burger containing only MTG, while the chicken burger showed a reduction of this parameter. The compression tests showed papain alone or combined with MTG decreased the hardness of the burgers. The results showed that the combination of the enzymes papain and MTG can be an effective strategy to develop beef and chicken burgers much softer, contributing to the future studies focused on the physiological needs of the elderly.

Analysis of the Gas Phase Acidity of Substituted Benzoic Acids Using Density Functional Concepts.

A theoretical study of the effect of the substituent Z on the gas phase acidity of substituted benzoic acids ZC6H4COOH in terms of density functional theory descriptors (chemical potential, softness and Fukui function) is presented. The calculated gas phase ΔacidG° values obtained were close to the experimental ones reported in the literature. The good relationship between the ΔacidG° values and the electronegativity of ZC6H4COOH and its fragments, suggested a better importance of the inductive than polarizability contributions. The balance of inductive and resonance contributions of the substituent in the acidity of substituted benzoic acids showed that the highest inductive and resonance effects were for the -SO2CF3 and -NH2 substituents in the para- and ortho-position, respectively. The Fukui function confirmed that the electron-releasing substituent attached to the phenyl ring of benzoic acid decreased the acidity in the trend ortho > meta > para, and the electron-withdrawing substituent increased the acidity in the trend ortho < meta < para.

Desempenho, características de carcaça e da carne de novilhas da sexta geração do cruzamento Charolês x Nelore abatidas aos 18 meses de idade / Performance, carcass characteristics and meat of heifers the sixth generation of the Charolais x Nellore slaughtered at 18 months of age

O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar o desempenho, as características quantitativas da carcaça e qualitativas da carne de novilhas de sexta geração oriundas do cruzamento entre as raças Charolês e Nelore abatidas aos 18 meses de idade. Os tratamentos testados foram os grupos genéticos 43/64 Nelore 21/64 Charolês (4364NE) e 43/64 Charolês 21/64 Nelore (4364CH). Foram utilizadas 36 novilhas, com idade média de 15 meses e peso médio inicial de 262 kg de peso corporal. Os animais foram terminados em pastagem de sorgo forrageiro, recebendo suplementação em nível de 1% do peso corporal. O grupo genético dos animais não influenciou os seus desempenhos, com ganhos de pesos diários de 0,827 e 0,860 kg para animais 4364NE e 4364CH, respectivamente. As características de carcaça não foram influenciadas pelo grupo genético dos animais, com pesos médios de carcaça quente de 197,46 e 193,19 kg e 56,68% e 55,63%, para animais 4364NE e 4364CH, respectivamente. Foram observados para cor, textura, suculência e maciez valores médios entre os tratamentos de 4,41; 4,27; 6,04 e 6,24 pontos, respectivamente. As predominâncias genéticas da sexta geração do cruzamento Charolês x Nelore não afetam as características de desempenho, carcaça e carne de novilhas.(AU)

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the performance, quantitative characteristics of the carcass and qualitative of the meat of sixth generation heifers from the crossing between the Charolais and Nelore races slaughtered at 18 months of age. The treatments tested were the genetic groups 43/64 Nellore 21/64 Charolais (4364NE) and 43/64 Charolais 21/64 Nellore (4364CH). Thirty-six heifers with a mean age of 15 months and initial mean weight of 262 kg of body weight were used. The animals were finished in forage sorghum pasture, receiving supplementation at the level of 1% of body weight. The genetic group of the animals did not influence their performance, with daily weight gains of 0.827 and 0.860 kg for animals 4364NE and 4364CH, respectively. The carcass characteristics were not influenced by the genetic group of the animals, with average carcass weights of 197.46 and 193.19 kg and 56.68 and 55.63% for 4364NE and 4364CH, respectively. It was observed for color, texture, juiciness, softness average values between treatments of 4.41; 4.27; 6.04 and 6.24 points, respectively. Genetic predominance of the sixth generation of the Charolais x Nellore cross did not affect the performance, carcass and beef characteristics of heifers.(AU)

Desempenho, características de carcaça e da carne de novilhas da sexta geração do cruzamento Charolês x Nelore abatidas aos 18 meses de idade / Performance, carcass characteristics and meat of heifers the sixth generation of the Charolais x Nellore slaughtered at 18 months of age

O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar o desempenho, as características quantitativas da carcaça e qualitativas da carne de novilhas de sexta geração oriundas do cruzamento entre as raças Charolês e Nelore abatidas aos 18 meses de idade. Os tratamentos testados foram os grupos genéticos 43/64 Nelore 21/64 Charolês (4364NE) e 43/64 Charolês 21/64 Nelore (4364CH). Foram utilizadas 36 novilhas, com idade média de 15 meses e peso médio inicial de 262 kg de peso corporal. Os animais foram terminados em pastagem de sorgo forrageiro, recebendo suplementação em nível de 1% do peso corporal. O grupo genético dos animais não influenciou os seus desempenhos, com ganhos de pesos diários de 0,827 e 0,860 kg para animais 4364NE e 4364CH, respectivamente. As características de carcaça não foram influenciadas pelo grupo genético dos animais, com pesos médios de carcaça quente de 197,46 e 193,19 kg e 56,68% e 55,63%, para animais 4364NE e 4364CH, respectivamente. Foram observados para cor, textura, suculência e maciez valores médios entre os tratamentos de 4,41; 4,27; 6,04 e 6,24 pontos, respectivamente. As predominâncias genéticas da sexta geração do cruzamento Charolês x Nelore não afetam as características de desempenho, carcaça e carne de novilhas.

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the performance, quantitative characteristics of the carcass and qualitative of the meat of sixth generation heifers from the crossing between the Charolais and Nelore races slaughtered at 18 months of age. The treatments tested were the genetic groups 43/64 Nellore 21/64 Charolais (4364NE) and 43/64 Charolais 21/64 Nellore (4364CH). Thirty-six heifers with a mean age of 15 months and initial mean weight of 262 kg of body weight were used. The animals were finished in forage sorghum pasture, receiving supplementation at the level of 1% of body weight. The genetic group of the animals did not influence their performance, with daily weight gains of 0.827 and 0.860 kg for animals 4364NE and 4364CH, respectively. The carcass characteristics were not influenced by the genetic group of the animals, with average carcass weights of 197.46 and 193.19 kg and 56.68 and 55.63% for 4364NE and 4364CH, respectively. It was observed for color, texture, juiciness, softness average values between treatments of 4.41; 4.27; 6.04 and 6.24 points, respectively. Genetic predominance of the sixth generation of the Charolais x Nellore cross did not affect the performance, carcass and beef characteristics of heifers.

Local and nonlocal counterparts of global descriptors: the cases of chemical softness and hardness.

A new strategy, recently reported by us to develop local and linear (nonlocal) counterparts of global response functions, is applied to study the local behavior of the global softness and hardness reactivity descriptors. Within this approach a local counterpart is designed to identify the most important molecular fragments for a given chemical response. The local counterpart of the global softness obtained through our methodology corresponds to the well-known definition of local softness and, in agreement with what standard conceptual chemical reactivity in density functional theory dictates, it simply reveals the softest sites in a molecule. For the case of the local hardness, we obtain two expressions that lead to different information regarding the values of the hardness at the different sites within a chemical species. The performance of these two proposal were tested by comparing their corresponding atom-condensed values to experimentally observed reactivity trends for electrophilic attack on benzene and ethene derivatives.

Assessment of ten density functionals through the use of local hyper-softness to get insights about the catalytic activity : Iron-based organometallic compounds for ethylene polymerization as testing molecules.

Ten functionals were used to assess their capability to compute a local reactivity descriptor coming from the Conceptual Density Functional Theory on a group of iron-based organometallic compounds that have been synthesized by Zohuri, G.H. et al. in 2010; these compounds bear the following substituent groups: H-, O2N- and CH3O- at the para position of the pyridine ring and their catalytic activities were experimentally measured by these authors. The present work involved a theoretical analysis applied on the aforementioned iron-based compounds thus leading to suggest a new 2,6-bis(imino)pyridine catalyst based on iron(II) bearing a fluorine atom whose possible catalytic activity is suggested to be near the catalytic activity of the complex bearing a hydrogen atom as a substituent group by means of the so called local hyper-softness (LHS) thus opening a chance to estimate a possible value of catalytic activity for a new catalyst that has not been synthesized yet without simulating the entire process of ethylene polymerization. Since Conceptual DFT is not a predictive theory, but rather interpretative, an analysis of the used reactivity descriptor and its dependence upon the level of theory was carried in the present work, thus revealing that care should be taken when DFT calculations are used for these purposes.

The importance of the relationship between mechanical analyses and rheometry of mucoadhesive thermoresponsive polymeric materials for biomedical applications.

Pluronic F127® was associated with a carbomer homopolymer type B, as a model polymer blend to evidence the information provided by rheological and mechanical analyses on the development of bioadhesive thermoresponsive systems. The mechanical analysis enabled to observe that 20% (w/w) Pluronic F127®-polymer blends were harder, more adhesive, more mucoadhesive, more compressive and less soft. In addition, continuous flow rheometry demonstrated that the systems were plastic with rheopexy (15%, w/w, Pluronic F127®) or thixotropic (20%, w/w, Pluronic F127®). Oscillatory rheometry exhibited the increase of temperature, and the polymeric concentration increases the elasticity of the formulations. Moreover, correlation index showed that softness and textural analysis can be correlated and complementary, whereas adhesiveness cannot be correlated to mucoadhesion and is less specific. Rheological interaction parameter and gelation temperature showed that 15/0.25-polymer blend is suitable for pharmaceutical and biomedical application, since it can be administered in the liquid form and be gelled in the application site with proper mucoadhesion that can suggest an improved clinical efficacy. Therefore, the mechanical and rheological analyses are useful to characterize and select the best bioadhesive thermoresponsive formulation for the proposed treatment with improved performance.

Carcass characteristics, meat quality, feeding behavior of Nelore heifers fed diets containing sunflower pie / Características de carcaça, qualidade da carne, comportamento ingestivo de novilhas Nelore alimentadas com rações contendo torta de girassol

The aim was to evaluate the feeding behavior, carcass characteristics and meat quality of Nelore heifers fed sunflower pie replacing cottonseed meal. They were used 30 heifers with average initial weight of 274 kg ± 28 kg and average age of 24 months, confined for 76 days. The design was completely randomized with five treatments (0, 150, 300, 450 and 600 g kg-1 DM) and six replicates per treatment. By completing 24 hours after slaughter, it evaluated muscle conformation and degree of finish made the longissimus dorsi at the 13th rib. A representative sample between the 10th and 12th ribs was collected for evaluation of the physical components of carcasses. As well as the other variables, the hot carcass weight, dressing percentage, carcass length and rib eye area were not influenced by different pie levels in feed. The mean percentage of muscle, bone and fat from the carcass were 53.45; 16.14 and 29.46%, respectively, similar among treatments. Therefore, the use of up to 600 g kg-1 of sunflower pie replacing cottonseed meal as the main protein source, did not affect the carcass characteristics and meat quality of Nelore heifers.(AU)

O objetivo foi avaliar o comportamento ingestivo, características de carcaça e a qualidade da carne de novilhas Nelore, alimentadas com torta de girassol em substituição ao farelo de algodão. Foram utilizadas 30 novilhas, com peso médio inicial de 274 kg ± 28 kg e idade média de 24 meses, confinadas por 76 dias. O delineamento foi inteiramente casualizado com cinco tratamentos (0; 150; 300; 450 e 600 g kg-1 MS) e seis repetições por tratamento. Ao completar 24 h após o abate, avaliou-se conformação muscular e grau de acabamento realizada no músculo Longissimus dorsi na 13ª costela. Amostra representativa entre a 10ª e 12ª costelas foi coletada para avaliações dos componentes físicos das carcaças. Assim como as demais variáveis estudadas, o peso de carcaça quente, rendimento de carcaça, comprimento de carcaça e área de olho de lombo não foram influenciados pelos diferentes teores de torta nas rações. Os valores médios de porcentagem de músculo, osso e gordura da carcaça foram de 53,45; 16,14 e 29,46%, respectivamente, semelhantes entre tratamentos. Portanto, a utilização de até 600g kg-1 de torta de girassol em substituição ao farelo de algodão, como principal fonte proteica, não alterou as características de carcaça e a qualidade da carne de novilhas Nelore.(AU)

Carcass characteristics, meat quality, feeding behavior of Nelore heifers fed diets containing sunflower pie / Características de carcaça, qualidade da carne, comportamento ingestivo de novilhas Nelore alimentadas com rações contendo torta de girassol

The aim was to evaluate the feeding behavior, carcass characteristics and meat quality of Nelore heifers fed sunflower pie replacing cottonseed meal. They were used 30 heifers with average initial weight of 274 kg ± 28 kg and average age of 24 months, confined for 76 days. The design was completely randomized with five treatments (0, 150, 300, 450 and 600 g kg-1 DM) and six replicates per treatment. By completing 24 hours after slaughter, it evaluated muscle conformation and degree of finish made the longissimus dorsi at the 13th rib. A representative sample between the 10th and 12th ribs was collected for evaluation of the physical components of carcasses. As well as the other variables, the hot carcass weight, dressing percentage, carcass length and rib eye area were not influenced by different pie levels in feed. The mean percentage of muscle, bone and fat from the carcass were 53.45; 16.14 and 29.46%, respectively, similar among treatments. Therefore, the use of up to 600 g kg-1 of sunflower pie replacing cottonseed meal as the main protein source, did not affect the carcass characteristics and meat quality of Nelore heifers.

O objetivo foi avaliar o comportamento ingestivo, características de carcaça e a qualidade da carne de novilhas Nelore, alimentadas com torta de girassol em substituição ao farelo de algodão. Foram utilizadas 30 novilhas, com peso médio inicial de 274 kg ± 28 kg e idade média de 24 meses, confinadas por 76 dias. O delineamento foi inteiramente casualizado com cinco tratamentos (0; 150; 300; 450 e 600 g kg-1 MS) e seis repetições por tratamento. Ao completar 24 h após o abate, avaliou-se conformação muscular e grau de acabamento realizada no músculo Longissimus dorsi na 13ª costela. Amostra representativa entre a 10ª e 12ª costelas foi coletada para avaliações dos componentes físicos das carcaças. Assim como as demais variáveis estudadas, o peso de carcaça quente, rendimento de carcaça, comprimento de carcaça e área de olho de lombo não foram influenciados pelos diferentes teores de torta nas rações. Os valores médios de porcentagem de músculo, osso e gordura da carcaça foram de 53,45; 16,14 e 29,46%, respectivamente, semelhantes entre tratamentos. Portanto, a utilização de até 600g kg-1 de torta de girassol em substituição ao farelo de algodão, como principal fonte proteica, não alterou as características de carcaça e a qualidade da carne de novilhas Nelore.

Sensory quality of frozen shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei / Qualidade sensorial do camarão Litopenaeus vannamei congelado

The objective of this research was to evaluate the sensory quality of the marine shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei grown and stored in a freezer. A sensory analysis consisted of the Quality Index Method (MIQ) to review the raw shrimp and Descriptive Analysis (AD) in cooked shrimp in samples stored for a period of 90 days, using eight previously trained panelists. Accommodation comprising shrimp filet (100-120 pieces / kg) samples were subjected to freezing in liquid nitrogen (- 86 C), Freezing Tunnel (- 35 C) and Domestic Freezer (- 18 C). At 0, 30, 60 and 90 days of storage in these freezing systems, determination of pH, water holding capacity (WHC), weight loss during cooking (WLC), shearing force, color, total volatile bases (TVB) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) were performed. The attributes manual firmness and softness showed better results in rapid freezing. The color parameters (a *, b * and L *), WHC and WCL were higher at 90 days of storage, no significant losses were observed. Highlighted the strength of greater shear in slowly frozen samples at 90 days, confirming the results reported by the sensory panel. At 90 days of storage, the frozen shrimp showed good sensory quality and physical and chemistry characteristics. The shelf life of this shrimp could be set at about 90 days.(AU)

O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar a qualidade sensorial do camarão marinho Litopenaeus vannamei estocado sob congelamento. A análise sensorial consistiu do Método de Índice de Qualidade (MIQ) para avaliação do camarão in natura, e Análise Descritiva (AD) no camarão cozido, em amostras estocadas por um período de 90 dias, utilizando oito julgadores previamente treinados. As amostras compostas por camarão em filé (100-120 peças/kg) foram submetidas ao congelamento em Nitrogênio líquido (- 86 °C), Túnel de Congelamento (- 35 °C) e Freezer doméstico (- 18 °C). Aos 0, 30, 60 e 90 dias de armazenamento nesses sistemas de congelamento, foram realizadas determinações de pH, capacidade de retenção de água (CRA), perda de peso na cocção (PPC), força de cisalhamento, cor, bases voláteis totais (BVT) e substancias reativas ao ácido tiobarbitúrico (TBARS). Os atributos de firmeza manual e maciez apresentaram melhores resultados nos congelamentos rápidos. Os parâmetros de cor (a*, b* e L*) assim como a CRA e PPC foram maiores aos 90 dias de armazenamento, não havendo perdas significativas. Destacou-se a força de cisalhamento maior nas amostras congeladas lentamente aos 90 dias, corroborando com os dados reportados pela equipe sensorial. Aos 90 dias de armazenamento, o camarão congelado apresentou qualidade sensorial, física e química satisfatória. O tempo de prateleira deste camarão pode ser definido em cerca de 90 dias.(AU)

Sensory quality of frozen shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei / Qualidade sensorial do camarão Litopenaeus vannamei congelado

The objective of this research was to evaluate the sensory quality of the marine shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei grown and stored in a freezer. A sensory analysis consisted of the Quality Index Method (MIQ) to review the raw shrimp and Descriptive Analysis (AD) in cooked shrimp in samples stored for a period of 90 days, using eight previously trained panelists. Accommodation comprising shrimp filet (100-120 pieces / kg) samples were subjected to freezing in liquid nitrogen (- 86 C), Freezing Tunnel (- 35 C) and Domestic Freezer (- 18 C). At 0, 30, 60 and 90 days of storage in these freezing systems, determination of pH, water holding capacity (WHC), weight loss during cooking (WLC), shearing force, color, total volatile bases (TVB) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) were performed. The attributes manual firmness and softness showed better results in rapid freezing. The color parameters (a *, b * and L *), WHC and WCL were higher at 90 days of storage, no significant losses were observed. Highlighted the strength of greater shear in slowly frozen samples at 90 days, confirming the results reported by the sensory panel. At 90 days of storage, the frozen shrimp showed good sensory quality and physical and chemistry characteristics. The shelf life of this shrimp could be set at about 90 days.

O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar a qualidade sensorial do camarão marinho Litopenaeus vannamei estocado sob congelamento. A análise sensorial consistiu do Método de Índice de Qualidade (MIQ) para avaliação do camarão in natura, e Análise Descritiva (AD) no camarão cozido, em amostras estocadas por um período de 90 dias, utilizando oito julgadores previamente treinados. As amostras compostas por camarão em filé (100-120 peças/kg) foram submetidas ao congelamento em Nitrogênio líquido (- 86 °C), Túnel de Congelamento (- 35 °C) e Freezer doméstico (- 18 °C). Aos 0, 30, 60 e 90 dias de armazenamento nesses sistemas de congelamento, foram realizadas determinações de pH, capacidade de retenção de água (CRA), perda de peso na cocção (PPC), força de cisalhamento, cor, bases voláteis totais (BVT) e substancias reativas ao ácido tiobarbitúrico (TBARS). Os atributos de firmeza manual e maciez apresentaram melhores resultados nos congelamentos rápidos. Os parâmetros de cor (a*, b* e L*) assim como a CRA e PPC foram maiores aos 90 dias de armazenamento, não havendo perdas significativas. Destacou-se a força de cisalhamento maior nas amostras congeladas lentamente aos 90 dias, corroborando com os dados reportados pela equipe sensorial. Aos 90 dias de armazenamento, o camarão congelado apresentou qualidade sensorial, física e química satisfatória. O tempo de prateleira deste camarão pode ser definido em cerca de 90 dias.

Desempenho e características da carcaça de ovinos da raça Morada Nova de diferentes pesos, castrados e inteiros / Performance and carcass characteristics of Morada Nova sheep of differentweights, castrated and intact

Objetivou-se neste trabalho avaliar os diferentes pesos ao abate e o efeito da castração de borregos Morada Nova, raça nativa do semiárido do Brasil, sobre as medidas corporais in vivo e da carcaça, índices zootécnicos, composição regional, componentes não constituintes da carcaça e sobre os parâmetros físicos de qualidade da carne. Foram utilizados 48 borregos, 24 inteiros e 24 castrados, pesando aproximadamente 15,00 ± 0,04 kg, recebendo alimentação ad libitum a base de feno de capim tifton, milho moído, farelo de soja e mistura mineral, em uma relação volumoso: concentrado de 50:50. O delineamento utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado em arranjo fatorial 3x2 (pesos ao abate x efeito da castração) distribuído em seis baias com oito animais cada até atingirem o peso ao abate pré-estabelecido. Houve efeito significativo (P<0,05) entre os tratamentos, sobre o desempenho, as medidas in vivo e da carcaça, características de carcaça, composição regional, rendimentos dos cortes e componentes não constituintes da carcaça e composição tecidual. Verificou-se que as medidas biométricas podem ser utilizadas através de equações de regressão múltipla, como ferramenta para predizer o peso final, peso ao abate e o peso de carcaça quente. O comprimento corporal Neozelandês, bem como a profundidade e a largura do tórax são as medidas mais importantes em serem avaliadas. Animais abatidos com menor peso apresentam melhores rendimentos de buchada e panelada. As carcaças de animais castrados e abatidos aos 30 kg proporcionaram melhores rendimentos de carcaça e menores perdas por resfriamento. Dentre os cortes nobres, os animais abatidos aos 27 kg apresentaram melhores resultados para rendimento de perna, já para rendimento de lombo os animais castrados e abatidos aos 30 kg e para o rendimento de paleta os animais inteiros apresentaram melhores resultados. [...]

This study aims to evaluate the different weight at slaughter and the castration effect of Morada Nova lambs, native breed from the semi-arid region - Brazil, on the body measurements in vivo and the carcass, zootechnical indices, regional composition, nonconstituents components of the carcass and about the physical parameters of the meat quality. It had been used 48 lambs, 24 intact and 24 castrated, weighing approximately 15,00 ± 0,04 kg, being fed ad libitum based in Tifton grass hay, ground corn, soy bean bran and mineral mixture, in a relation bulky: concentrated of 50:50. The animals have been confined in lots constituted of 8 animals per stall, being distributed into 6 stalls in a design completely randomized in factorial scheme 3 x 2 (weight during slaughter x castration effect) till reach the predetermined weight during slaughter. The results have shown there was significant effect (p<0,05) among treatments, on the performance, the measurements in vivo of the carcass, carcass features, regional composition, yield of the cuts and non-constituent components of the carcass and tissue composition. It has been verified that the biometric measurements may be used through equation of multiple regression, as a tool to predict the last weight, live weight at slaughter and hot carcass weight. The Neozelandês body length and the depth and width of the chest are the most important being evaluated. Animals slaughtered at lower ratios have better yields of buchada and panelada. The carcasses of castrated animals slaughtered at 30 kg provided better carcass yields and lower cooling losses. Among the prime cuts, the slaughtered animals at 27 kg have shown better results for legs yield, for the loin yield the castrated and slaughtered animals at 30 kg and for the palette yield the intact animals have presented better results. [...]

Alguns aspectos qualitativos da carne bovina: uma revisão / Some qualitative aspects of beef: a review

A carne bovina é a principal fonte de proteína animal presente na dieta do brasileiro. Todavia, o consumidor nacional ainda não está atento aos parâmetros de qualidade de carne, como cor, maciez e composição lipídica por exemplo. A cor da carne é o principal parâmetro utilizado no julgamento de compra do consumidor e influencia na aquisição do produto nas gôndolas dos mercados. A maciez da carne bovina é o parâmetro que fideliza o consumidor e está associado à qualidade global do produto. A composição lipídica da carne vem sendo frequentemente associado com saúde, uma vez que é a principal fonte de colesterol e ácidos graxos saturados. A presente revisão objetivou abordar alguns atributos que influenciam na qualidade da carne bovina aplicá-los nos termos do consumidor.

Beef meat is the main source of animal protein in the diet of the Brazilian. However, the consumer is not aware of the meat quality parameters such as color, softness and lipid composition for example. The color of meat is the main parameter used in the trial of consumer buying and influence the purchase of the product on the shelves of markets. The tenderness of beef is the parameter that loyalty is associated with the consumer and the overall quality of the product. The lipid composition of meat has frequently been associated with health, since it is the main source of cholesterol and saturated fatty acids. This review aimed to address some of the attributes that influence the quality of beef to apply them in accordance with the consumer.

Avaliação físico-química, sensorial e instrumental de queijo minas frescal de leite de búfala, com diferentes teores de gordura / Physical-chemistry evaluation, sensory and instrumental of cheese from buffalo milk with different fat levels

Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar as características físico-químicas, sensoriais e instrumentais de queijo Minas Frescal de leite de búfala elaborado com leites de diferentes teores de gordura. Os queijos foram elaborados a partir de leite de búfala com 21,5, 11,5 e 6 por cento de gordura. A análise físico-química indicou que, mesmo com a remoção parcial da gordura, os queijos mantiveram um valor nutricional adequado. A análise descritiva mostrou que houve diferença significativa em oito atributos dos 17 estabelecidos pela equipe sensorial. Os teores de gordura alteraram a cor e a maciez instrumentais dos queijos. Apesar das diferenças nas análises sensorial e instrumental, não houve diferença significativa na preferência dos provadores entre os queijos.(AU)

The objective of this work was evaluated the physic-chemical, sensorial, instrumental and preference characteristics of Minas Frescal cheese from buffalo milk with different fat contents. Cheeses were done with buffalo milk with 21.5, 11.5 and 6 % of fat. Physic-chemical analysis showed that even so removing partially the fat content, the cheeses maintained an adequate nutritional value. Descriptive sensorial analysis showed that the samples differed in 8 of all 17 al tributes described by the sensorial panel. Fat contents changed cheese color and softness. Although sensorial and instrumental differences, there was no significantly difference between cheeses in the preference test. (AU)