Demographic and Epidemiological Profile of Aging and Elderly Patients Receiving Heart Transplant During the Period from 2009 to 2018

Abstract Background: The aging process may be associated with the accumulation of a wide variety of health damages, such as cardiovascular diseases. HF is the final common path of the majority of these diseases, and, in its refractory form, heart transplantation continues to be the best treatment choice. Objective: To describe the demographic and epidemiological profile of aging and elderly patients receiving heart transplant from 2009 to 2018. Methods: Retrospective, descriptive longitudinal study on heart transplantation in aging and elderly patients using data from medical records and institutional documents. Results: From a total of 234 transplant recipients, 127 were 45 years or older. For the demographic profile, the variables used were sex, age, marital status, home state, and profession. For the epidemiological profile, the variables used were previous diagnosis, comorbidities before and after transplantation, and survival. Age varied from 45 to 74 years, with a mean of 57 years. The male sex accounted for 58.27% of recipients, and 59.84% were from the Federal District. Chagas, dilated, and ischemic cardiomyopathy accounted for 66.14%, 18.9%, and 14.17% of transplants, respectively. The main comorbidities were Chagas disease (66.14%), malignant arrhythmia requiring cardioverter-defibrillator implantation (28.35%), arterial hypertension (27.56%), and dyslipidemia (15.75%). Mean survival was 3 years and 4 months. Conclusion: The demographic profile showed that the majority of patients were aging, male, married, and from the Federal District. The epidemiological profile showed that Chagas cardiomyopathy was the main cause of HF, followed by dilated cardiomyopathy.

Effects of Inspiratory Muscle Training Using an Electronic Device on Patients Undergoing Cardiac Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Abstract Background Cardiac surgery causes pathophysiological changes that favor the occurrence of pulmonary and functional complications. Objective To investigate the effects of inspiratory muscle training (IMT) with an electronic device on patients undergoing cardiac surgery. Methods A randomized controlled trial was conducted with 30 adult patients undergoing elective cardiac surgery. A control group (CG) received conventional physical therapy care, and an intervention group (IG) received IMT using the POWERbreathe K5® electronic device. Two daily sessions of physical therapy were performed at the intensive care unit and one daily session at the ward until the sixth postoperative day. The following variables were measured preoperatively and on the sixth postoperative day, in both groups: inspiratory muscle strength, dynamic inspiratory muscle strength, and peak inspiratory flow. Data distribution was evaluated by the Shapiro-Wilk test. Analysis of variance was used, and the results were considered statistically significant when p < 0.05. Results Maximal inspiratory pressure (71.7 ± 17.1 cmH2O vs 63.3 ± 21.3 cmH2O; p = 0.11], S-index (52.61 ± 18.61 vs 51.08 ± 20.71), and peak inspiratory flow [(2.94 ± 1.09 vs 2.79 ± 1.26)] were maintained in the IG but had a significant reduction in the CG. Conclusion IMT performed with an electronic device was effective at maintaining inspiratory muscle strength, dynamic inspiratory muscle strength, and peak inspiratory flow when compared to conventional physical therapy. Int J Cardiovasc Sci. 2020; [online].ahead print, PP.0-0

Risk factors and postoperative complications in oncologic surgeries / Fatores de risco e complicações pós operatórias em cirurgia oncológica

Abstract Introduction: Oncological patients who are submitted to surgical procedures might have postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs). Thus, preoperative physical conditions must be considered, since it is an important predictor of postoperative development. Objective: The purpose of this study was to analyze the risk factors for postoperative pulmonary complications that might compromise the recovery after oncologic surgery. Method: The present observational transversal study was made between March and October of 2015. Patients diagnosed with cancer were analyzed to determine pulmonary and functional condition and to identify the risk factors for the development of PPCs. The post-surgery recovery was followed through medical records. Data collected from patients' analyses was correlated with post-surgery development. Results: Thirty patients were analyzed. A negative and moderate correlation was found between maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP) and PPCs (r=-0.39; p=0.032). A positive correlation between the time of permanence in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) and hospitalization days (r=0.40; p=0.02) was observed. Correlations between PPCs and mechanical ventilation (r=0.36; p=0.04) and hospitalization days (r=0.40; p=0.02) were also noticed in the present study. Conclusion: PPCs might prejudice post-surgery outcome. The greater are physical condition and pulmonary functions of the patients before surgery, the better is their recovery.

Resumo Introdução: Pacientes oncológicos submetidos a procedimentos cirúrgicos podem apresentar complicações pulmonares no pós-operatório. A condição física pré-operatória deve ser considerada, pois é um importante preditor do desenvolvimento pós-operatório. Objetivo: Analisar os fatores de risco para complicações pulmonares pós-operatórias (CPPO) que podem comprometer a recuperação após a cirurgia oncológica. Método: O presente estudo observacional transversal foi realizado entre os meses de março e outubro de 2015. Pacientes oncológicos participaram de uma avaliação para determinação da condição pulmonar e funcional pré-operatória e identificação dos fatores de risco para desenvolvimento de CPPO. A evolução pós-operatória foi acompanhada por meio de prontuários. Os dados coletados da avaliação foram correlacionados com o desenvolvimento pós-operatório. Resultados: Trinta pacientes foram analisados. Foi encontrada correlação negativa e moderada entre a PImáx e as CPPO (r=-0,39; p=0,032). A permanência na UTI apresentou correlação positiva com os dias de internamento hospitalar (r=0,40; p=0,02). A ventilação mecânica (r= 0,36; p=0,04) e os dias de internamento no hospital (r=0,40; p=0,02) tiveram correlação com o tipo de CPPO. Conclusão: CPPO podem prejudicar o desfecho pós-operatório. Bom estado físico e boa função pulmonar prévias à cirurgia oncológica possibilitam melhor desempenho para o paciente no pós-operatório.

Incidence of complications in dermatological surgery of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer in patients with multiple comorbidity and/or antiplatelet-anticoagulants. Five year experience in our Hospital.

INTRODUCTION: Surgery is performed more frequently now at days, due to the increasing incidence of melanoma and no-melanoma skin cancer. There are different opinions among dermatologic surgeons between to continue or discontinue antithrombotic therapy prior to the procedure, which increases the risk of thromboembolic events. Prophylaxis with oral antibiotics in the postsurgical period is controversial. OBJECTIVE: To report the safety of surgery without suspending antithrombotic therapy and without oral antibiotic prophylaxis in dermatology surgery of patients with multiple comorbidities and polypharmacy. METHOD: We designed a retrospective study. We included a total of 655 patients; 96.6% had at least one comorbidity; 27.7% used aspirin and 4.3% some type of antithrombotic therapy. The most common type of skin tumor was basal cell carcinoma with 69.8. RESULTS: The complication rate was 4.2%; the most was wound dehiscence (1.1%), followed by partial necrosis (0.9%), infection (0.9%), reaction to foreign body (0.6%), complete necrosis (0.3%), bleeding (0.2%) and fistulae (0.2%). CONCLUSIONS: Based on the literature and our experience, dermatologic surgery is safe without suspending antithrombotic therapy or antibiotic prophylaxis in patients with multiple comorbidity.

INTRODUCCIÓN: La cirugía es uno de los procedimientos que se realizan con mayor frecuencia en dermatología debido a la mayor incidencia de cáncer de piel melanoma y no melanoma. Se han encontrado distintas posturas entre los cirujanos dermatólogos sobre continuar o suspender antiagregantes y anticoagulantes antes del procedimiento, lo cual incrementa el riesgo de eventos tromboembólicos, además de la preferencia de utilizar profilaxis antibiótica de forma posquirúrgica por algunos dermatólogos. OBJETIVO: Reportar nuestra experiencia en cuanto a la seguridad de la cirugía dermatológica sin la suspensión de anticoagulantes/antiagregantes y sin profilaxis antibiótica en pacientes con múltiple comorbilidad y polifarmacia. MÉTODO: Se revisaron 655 pacientes. El 96.6% tenían al menos otra enfermedad. El 27.7% utilizaba ácido acetilsalicílico y el 4.3% algún tipo de anticoagulante. El tipo de neoplasia más frecuente fue el carcinoma basocelular con 69.8%. RESULTADOS: La tasa total de complicaciones fue del 4.2%. La complicación más frecuente fue la dehiscencia de la herida (1.1%), seguida de la necrosis parcial (0.9%), la infección (0.9%), la reacción a cuerpo extraño (0.6%), la necrosis total (0.3%), la hemorragia (0.2%) y la fístula cutánea (0.2%). CONCLUSIONES: Basándonos en la literatura y nuestra experiencia, la cirugía dermatológica es segura sin suspender antitrombóticos ni indicar profilaxis antibiótica en pacientes con múltiple comorbilidad.

Unexpected Intraoperative Findings, Situations, and Complications in Bariatric Surgery.

BACKGROUND: Bariatric surgery is considered a safe therapy to treat obesity. Postoperative complications are well known; however, there is a lack of data describing intraoperative complications and/or unexpected findings, and if there is further impact on outcomes. METHODS: Retrospective study with patients operated between 2013 and 2016 at a single institution. All operative information was collected prospectively and aimed to analyze the incidence and causes of unexpected intraoperative findings, complications, change in surgical plan, extra surgeries, and procedure interruption in patients submitted to bariatric surgery. Secondarily, a morbidity analysis was performed, correlating intraoperative complications with postoperative complications and length of stay. RESULTS: Four-hundred and five patients were included. Female sex comprised 82% of cases, and a median age of 38 years old was observed; almost 90% were gastric bypass. In 29.3% of cases, there were intraoperative findings, mainly adhesions, abdominal wall hernias, positive methylene blue test, hiatal hernias, and gastrointestinal stromal tumors. Associated surgeries were performed in 8.6% cases, and intraoperative adverse events reported in 7.1%, where organ injury and anastomosis problems were the most frequent. A change in the operative plan was done in 0.9% and surgery interruption in 1.2% of the cases. Early complications were observed in 6.6%. There was no correlation between intraoperative complications and length of stay or early complications. CONCLUSION: Unexpected intraoperative findings/complications are common in bariatric surgery, but without increasing morbidity or length of stay. Surgery suspension, change in the planned technique, or adding extra (non-bariatric) procedures may occur.

Incidence of complications in dermatological surgery of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer in patients with multiple comorbidity and/or antiplatelet-anticoagulants. Five year experience in our Hospital. / Incidencia de complicaciones en cirugía dermatológica de cáncer de piel melanoma y no melanoma en pacientes con múltiple comorbilidad o antiagregantes-anticoagulantes. Experiencia de nuestro hospital durante 5 años

Introduction: Surgery is performed more frequently now at days, due to the increasing incidence of melanoma and no-melanoma skin cancer. There are different opinions among dermatologic surgeons between to continue or discontinue antithrombotic therapy prior to the procedure, which increases the risk of thromboembolic events. Prophylaxis with oral antibiotics in the postsurgical period is controversial. Objective: To report the safety of surgery without suspending antithrombotic therapy and without oral antibiotic prophylaxis in dermatology surgery of patients with multiple comorbidities and polypharmacy. Method: We designed a retrospective study. We included a total of 655 patients; 96.6% had at least one comorbidity; 27.7% used aspirin and 4.3% some type of antithrombotic therapy. The most common type of skin tumor was basal cell carcinoma with 69.8% . Results: The complication rate was 4.2%; the most was wound dehiscence (1.1%), followed by partial necrosis (0.9%), infection (0.9%), reaction to foreign body (0.6%), complete necrosis (0.3%), bleeding (0.2%) and fistulae (0.2%). Conclusions: Based on the literature and our experience, dermatologic surgery is safe without suspending antithrombotic therapy or antibiotic prophylaxis in patients with multiple comorbidity.

Introducción: La cirugía es uno de los procedimientos que se realizan con mayor frecuencia en dermatología debido a la mayor incidencia de cáncer de piel melanoma y no melanoma. Se han encontrado distintas posturas entre los cirujanos dermatólogos sobre continuar o suspender antiagregantes y anticoagulantes antes del procedimiento, lo cual incrementa el riesgo de eventos tromboembólicos, además de la preferencia de utilizar profilaxis antibiótica de forma posquirúrgica por algunos dermatólogos. Objetivo: Reportar nuestra experiencia en cuanto a la seguridad de la cirugía dermatológica sin la suspensión de anticoagulantes/antiagregantes y sin profilaxis antibiótica en pacientes con múltiple comorbilidad y polifarmacia. Método: Se revisaron 655 pacientes. El 96.6% tenían al menos otra enfermedad. El 27.7% utilizaba ácido acetilsalicílico y el 4.3% algún tipo de anticoagulante. El tipo de neoplasia más frecuente fue el carcinoma basocelular con 69.8%. Resultados: La tasa total de complicaciones fue del 4.2%. La complicación más frecuente fue la dehiscencia de la herida (1.1%), seguida de la necrosis parcial (0.9%), la infección (0.9%), la reacción a cuerpo extraño (0.6%), la necrosis total (0.3%), la hemorragia (0.2%) y la fístula cutánea (0.2%). Conclusiones: Basándonos en la literatura y nuestra experiencia, la cirugía dermatológica es segura sin suspender antitrombóticos ni indicar profilaxis antibiótica en pacientes con múltiple comorbilidad.

Burns related to electrosurgery - Report of two cases / Queimaduras relacionadas à eletrocirurgia - Relato de dois casos

Abstract Electrosurgery is a technology developed over the last few years and has become a very important tool in modern surgery. Most of the equipment is considered safe, although there are risks related to its use. Several lesions may be caused by electrocautery, and burns are the most common and feared. We report two cases of burns related to use of electrocautery and promote a literature review, because knowledge of electrosurgery fundamentals, its correct use, the choice of a safety device, constant monitoring, and immediate investigation before any suspicions surely can improve the operational experience for both surgeon and patient.

Resumo A eletrocirurgia é uma tecnologia que se desenvolveu muitos nos últimos anos e se tornou um instrumento de grande importância na cirurgia moderna. A maioria dos equipamentos é considerada segura, embora existam riscos relacionados ao seu uso. Várias lesões podem ser causadas por eletrocautérios, as queimaduras são as mais frequentes e temidas. Relatamos dois casos de queimaduras relacionadas ao uso do bisturi elétrico e promovemos uma revisão de literatura, pois o conhecimento dos fundamentos da eletrocirurgia, seu uso correto, a escolha de um equipamento seguro, o monitoramento constante e a investigação imediata diante de quaisquer suspeitas com certeza podem melhorar a experiência operacional para ambos, cirurgião e paciente.

Pós-operatório imediato de cirurgia bariátrica em unidade intensiva versus unidade de internação. Estudo retrospectivo com 828 pacientes / Immediate postoperative of bariatric surgery in the intensive care unit versus an inpatient unit. A retrospective study with 828 patients

RESUMO Objetivo: Comparar a incidência de complicações e a duração da hospitalização de pacientes submetidos à cirurgia bariátrica internados na unidade de terapia intensiva ou de internação pós-cirúrgica. Métodos: Estudo observacional, retrospectivo, que incluiu 828 pacientes admitidos entre janeiro de 2010 e fevereiro de 2015 em pós-operatório imediato de cirurgia bariátrica em um hospital. Os dados foram coletados em prontuários eletrônicos. As variáveis contínuas foram comparadas utilizando-se o teste de Mann-Whitney e as categóricas, o qui quadrado. Resultados: Os pacientes dos dois grupos possuíam características demográficas semelhantes, sem diferença significativa dos dados antropométricos e comorbidades. Comparando-se as complicações entre os dois grupos, não houve diferença significativa. No entanto, o grupo admitido na unidade de terapia intensiva teve maior tempo de internação (mediana de 3 dias versus 2 dias; p < 0,05) e custo hospitalar 8% maior. Conclusão: O presente estudo não encontrou nenhum benefício na internação rotineira de pacientes submetidos à cirurgia bariátrica em unidade de terapia intensiva. Esta prática aumentou o tempo de internação e o custo hospitalar, desperdiçando recursos. É necessária a criação de critérios objetivos para identificar pacientes que necessitem de internação em unidade de terapia intensiva após cirurgia bariátrica.

ABSTRACT Objective: To compare the incidence of complications and the duration of hospitalization of patients undergoing bariatric surgery admitted to the intensive care unit or a post-surgical hospitalization unit. Methods: This retrospective observational study included 828 patients admitted between January 2010 and February 2015 during the immediate postoperative period of bariatric surgery in a hospital. Data were collected via electronic medical records. The Mann-Whitney test was used to compare continuous variables, and the chi-square was used to compare categorical variables. Results: Patients in both groups had similar demographic characteristics, with no significant differences in anthropometric data and comorbidities. There was no significant difference in the comparison of complications between the two groups. However, the group admitted to the intensive care unit had longer hospitalization times (median of 3 days versus 2 days, p < 0.05), and hospital costs were 8% higher. Conclusion: The present study found no benefit in the routine admittance of patients to the intensive care unit after undergoing bariatric surgery. This practice increased hospitalization time and hospital costs, which wasted resources. It is necessary to create objective criteria to identify patients requiring intensive care unit admission after bariatric surgery.

[Burns related to electrosurgery - Report of two cases]. / Queimaduras relacionadas à eletrocirurgia ­ Relato de dois casos.

Electrosurgery is a technology developed over the last few years and has become a very important tool in modern surgery. Most of the equipment is considered safe, although there are risks related to its use. Several lesions may be caused by electrocautery, and burns are the most common and feared. We report two cases of burns related to use of electrocautery and promote a literature review, because knowledge of electrosurgery fundamentals, its correct use, the choice of a safety device, constant monitoring, and immediate investigation before any suspicions surely can improve the operational experience for both surgeon and patient.

Análisis de los eventos desfavorables como resultado de la atención en cirugía oral / Analysis of Unfavorable Events Resulting from the Oral Surgery Health Care

Antecedentes: La cirugía oral es una especialidad que requiere preparación teórica y habilidad quirúrgica para efectuar los procedimientos. Durante el proceso de aprendizaje, los estudiantes, al efectuar cirugías, pueden enfrentar dificultades que dañen involuntariamente al paciente. A pesar de cumplirse los protocolos, es posible que se presenten eventos desfavorables durante la atención. Por este motivo, es necesario caracterizar y analizar dichos eventos en instituciones como una facultad de odontología para mejorar la calidad de la atención. Objetivo-, Analizar los eventos desfavorables que se presentaron en el área quirúrgica de la Facultad de Odontología de la Pontificia Universidad Javeriana en un periodo de dos años. Métodos: En este estudio observado nal-descriptivo se evaluaron todas las historias clínicas de pacientes atendidos entre el 1 de enero de 2014 y el 31 de diciembre de 2015, a fin de identificar y analizar los eventos desfavorables en cirugía oral. Resultados: De 1062 historias clínicas, 74 (7 %) tenían reportes de eventos desfavorables, 41 (56 %) de las cuales se tipificaron como complicaciones, 22 (30 %) como indicios de atención insegura y 11 (14 %) como eventos adversos. De ellos, 9 (82 %) fueron prevenibles y 2 (18 %) no prevenibles, todos relacionados con exodoncias. Conclusiones: Los eventos adversos en el área quirúrgica se presentaron en baja frecuencia y se relacionaron con exodoncias. Para reducir la ocurrencia de estas situaciones, es preciso realizar planeación prequirúrgica, elaborar meticulosamente las historias clínicas y, en caso de presentarse algún tipo de evento, informarlo. Palabras clave: atención en salud, cirugía oral, complicación en cirugía oral, error en cirugía ora, evento adverso,

Background-. Oral surgery is a specialty requiring both theoretical formation and training in surgical skills in order to carry out the procedures. During the learning process when students carry out surgeries, they may face difficulties that involuntarily harm the patient. Despite adhering to the protocols, it is possible that unfavorable events occur while providing dental care to the patients.Therefore, there is a need to characterize and analyze those events in institutions such as the dentistry schools in order to improve t he health care quality. Objective-. To analyze the unfavorable events that occurred in the surgery room of the Pontificia Universidad Javeriana Dentistry School during a two-year study term. Methods-. In this observational-descriptive study all the medical records taken to patients who attended to the dentistry school from January 1, 2014 to December 31, 2015 were evaluated in order to i dentify and analyze the unfavorable events occurred during the oral surgeries. Results: Out of 1 062 medical records, 74 (7%) reported unfavorable events and 41 (56%) of them were characterized as complications, 22 (30 %) as a lack of self-confidence by the health care giver, and 11 (14%) as adverse events. In addition, 9 (82 %) were preventable and 2 (18%) non-preventable events, all of them related to dental extractions. Conclusions: Adverse events in the oral surgery area were infrequent and related mostly with dental extractions. To reduce their occurrences, it is important to do a preoperative planning, to prepare carefully the medical r ecords and, in the case of any occurrence, to report it.

Obstrucción colónica por cálculo / Colonic obstruction by gallstone

El íleo biliar es una rara complicación de la colelitiasis, que se caracteriza por presentar clínicamente una obstrucción intestinal mecánica intraluminal, secundaria a la impactación de un cálculo biliar en el tubo digestivo, debido a la existencia de una fístula bilio-entérica. El diagnóstico preoperatorio es difícil, ya que presenta síntomas y signos de obstrucción intestinal, los cuales son muy inespecíficos para sospechar un íleo biliar. El tratamiento de elección en el manejo del íleo biliar es el quirúrgico. Habitualmente se realiza una cirugía en dos tiempos, enterolitotomía como único gesto, sin embargo no hay una técnica quirúrgica definitiva estandarizada. Presentamos el caso de una paciente de 70 años que acude al Departamento de Urgencias con el diagnóstico clínico de obstrucción intestinal mecánica baja, de cuatro días de evolución, como consecuencia de un cálculo impactado en colon sigmoides.

Gallstone ileus is a rare complication of cholelithiasis, which is characterized by clinically presenting as an intraluminal mechanical intestinal obstruction secondary to the impaction of a gallstone in the digestive tract, due to the existence of a biliary-enteric fistula. The preoperative diagnosis is difficult, since it presents symptoms and signs of intestinal obstruction, which are very unspecific to suspect a Biliary Ileus. The treatment of choice in the management of gallstone ileus is surgery; usually is performed in two stages, whole lithotomy as the only gesture, however there is no standardized definitive surgical technique. We present the case of a 70-year-old patient, who attended the emergency department with the clinical diagnosis of low mechanical bowel obstruction, four days of evolution, as a result of a stone impacted in the sigmoid colon.

Complications after Surgical Procedures in Patients with Cardiac Implantable Electronic Devices: Results of a Prospective Registry / Complicações após Procedimentos Cirúrgicos em Portadores de Dispositivos Cardíacos Eletrônicos Implantáveis: Resultados de um Registro Prospectivo

Abstract Background: Complications after surgical procedures in patients with cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIED) are an emerging problem due to an increasing number of such procedures and aging of the population, which consequently increases the frequency of comorbidities. Objective: To identify the rates of postoperative complications, mortality, and hospital readmissions, and evaluate the risk factors for the occurrence of these events. Methods: Prospective and unicentric study that included all individuals undergoing CIED surgical procedures from February to August 2011. The patients were distributed by type of procedure into the following groups: initial implantations (cohort 1), generator exchange (cohort 2), and lead-related procedures (cohort 3). The outcomes were evaluated by an independent committee. Univariate and multivariate analyses assessed the risk factors, and the Kaplan-Meier method was used for survival analysis. Results: A total of 713 patients were included in the study and distributed as follows: 333 in cohort 1, 304 in cohort 2, and 76 in cohort 3. Postoperative complications were detected in 7.5%, 1.6%, and 11.8% of the patients in cohorts 1, 2, and 3, respectively (p = 0.014). During a 6-month follow-up, there were 58 (8.1%) deaths and 75 (10.5%) hospital readmissions. Predictors of hospital readmission included the use of implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (odds ratio [OR] = 4.2), functional class III­-IV (OR = 1.8), and warfarin administration (OR = 1.9). Predictors of mortality included age over 80 years (OR = 2.4), ventricular dysfunction (OR = 2.2), functional class III-IV (OR = 3.3), and warfarin administration (OR = 2.3). Conclusions: Postoperative complications, hospital readmissions, and deaths occurred frequently and were strongly related to the type of procedure performed, type of CIED, and severity of the patient's underlying heart disease.

Resumo Fundamento: Complicações após procedimentos cirúrgicos em portadores de dispositivos cardíacos eletrônicos implantáveis (DCEI) são um problema emergente devido ao aumento crescente na taxa destes procedimentos e ao envelhecimento da população, com consequente aumento de comorbidades. Objetivos: Identificar as taxas de complicações pós-operatórias, mortalidade e readmissão hospitalar, e pesquisar fatores de risco para a ocorrência desses eventos. Métodos: Registro prospectivo e unicêntrico que incluiu todos os indivíduos submetidos a procedimentos cirúrgicos em DCEI no período de fevereiro a agosto de 2011. Os pacientes foram distribuídos por tipos de procedimento nos seguintes grupos: implantes iniciais (coorte 1), troca de gerador (coorte 2) e procedimentos em cabos-eletrodos (coorte 3). Os desfechos foram avaliados por um comitê independente. Empregou-se a análise univariada e multivariada para a pesquisa de fatores de risco e o método de Kaplan-Meier para análise de sobrevida. Resultados: Foram incluídos 713 pacientes, sendo 333, 304 e 76 distribuídos nas coortes 1, 2 e 3, respectivamente. Complicações pós-operatórias foram detectadas em 7,5%, 1,6% e 11,8% dos pacientes nas coortes 1, 2 e 3, respectivamente (p = 0,014). Durante os 6 meses de seguimento, houve 58 (8,1%) óbitos e 75 (10,5%) readmissões hospitalares. Preditores de readmissão hospitalar incluíram o uso de cardioversor-desfibrilador implantável ( odds ratio [OR] = 4,2), classe funcional III-IV (OR = 1,8) e uso de warfarina (OR = 1,9). Preditores de mortalidade incluíram idade acima de 80 anos (OR = 2,4), disfunção ventricular (OR = 2,2), classe funcional III-IV (OR = 3,3) e uso de warfarina (OR = 2,3). Conclusões: Complicações pós-operatórias, readmissões hospitalares e óbitos foram frequentes. Esses eventos estiveram fortemente relacionados ao tipo de procedimento realizado, tipo de DCEI e gravidade da doença cardíaca do paciente.

Cultural adaptation and the Clavien-Dindo surgical complications classification translated to Brazilian Portuguese / Adaptação cultural e teste da escala de complicações cirúrgicas de Clavien-Dindo traduzida para o Português do Brasil

ABSTRACT Objective: to generate a translated and validated version of the Clavien-Dindo Classification of Surgical Complications (CDC) to Brazilian Portuguese (CDC-BR). Methods: the process of translation and adaptation followed the guideline of Beaton et al., 2000. We divided 76 participating surgeons, in different levels of experience, from the Department Surgery of the Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, into two groups: Group I applied the original version (CDC, n=36);r Group II used the modified version (CDC-BR, n=40). Each group classified 15 clinical cases of surgical complications. We compared performance between the groups (Mann-Whitney test) relating to the level of experience of the surgeon (Kruskal-Wallis test), considering p value <0.05 as significant. Results: the performance of the Group II (CDC-BR) was higher, with 85% accuracy, compared with 79% of Group I (CDC), p-value =0.012. The performance of the groups as for surgeons experience displayed p=0.171 for Group I, p=0.528 for Group II, and p=0.135 for overall performance. Conclusion: we produced a translated and validated version of the CDC for Brazilian Portuguese. The instrument will be a useful tool in the production of evidence on surgical outcomes.

RESUMO Objetivo: gerar uma versão traduzida e validada da Classificação de Complicações Cirúrgicas de Clavien-Dindo (CCD) para o Português-Brasileiro (CCD-BR). Métodos: o processo de tradução e adaptação seguiu a diretriz de Beaton et al., de 2000. Formaram-se dois grupos, Grupo I, que utilizou a versão original (CCD, n=36) testado em relação ao Grupo II, com a versão modificada (CCD-BR, n=40), com um total de 76 cirurgiões participantes em níveis de experiência distintos do Departamento de Cirurgia do Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre. Quinze casos clínicos de complicações cirúrgicas foram classificados em cada grupo. Comparou-se o desempenho entre grupos (teste de Mann-Whitney) relacionando ao nível de experiência dos cirurgiões (teste de Kruskal-Wallis). Valor de p<0,05 como significativo. Resultados: o desempenho do Grupo II (CCD-BR) foi superior, com 85% de acertos, contra 79% do Grupo I (CCD), p-valor=0,012 do teste de Mann-Whitney. O desempenho dos grupos em relação à experiência dos cirurgiões foi p-valor=0,171 para o Grupo I, p-valor=0,528 para o Grupo II, e p-valor=0,135 para o desempenho geral, teste de Kruskal-Wallis. Conclusão: foi produzida uma versão traduzida e validada da CCD para o Português-Brasileiro. O instrumento produzido será ferramenta útil na produção de evidências sobre os resultados cirúrgicos.

Estratégias de prevenção da lesão renal aguda em cirurgia cardíaca: revisão integrativa / Strategies for prevention of acute kidney injury in cardiac surgery: an integrative review

A lesão renal aguda é uma complicação frequente após cirurgia cardíaca, estando associada ao aumento de morbidade e mortalidade, e ao maior tempo de permanência em unidade de terapia intensiva. Considerando a alta prevalência e a associação da lesão renal aguda com o pior prognóstico, o desenvolvimento de estratégias de proteção renal torna-se indispensável, especialmente em pacientes com alto risco para o desenvolvimento de lesão renal aguda, como aqueles submetidos à cirurgia cardíaca, com o intuito de minimizar a incidência da lesão renal aguda no âmbito hospitalar, reduzindo, dessa forma, a alta morbimortalidade. A presente revisão integrativa teve por objetivo avaliar as evidências disponíveis na literatura sobre as intervenções mais eficazes na prevenção da lesão renal aguda em pacientes submetidos à cirurgia cardíaca. Para seleção dos artigos, utilizaram-se as bases de dados CINAHL e MedLine. A amostra desta revisão constituiu-se de 16 artigos. Após a análise dos artigos incluídos na revisão, os resultados dos estudos apontaram que apenas a hidratação com solução salina apresenta resultados consideráveis na prevenção de lesão renal aguda. As demais estratégias são controversas e necessitam de mais pesquisas para comprovar eficácia.

Acute kidney injury is a common complication after cardiac surgery and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality and increased length of stay in the intensive care unit. Considering the high prevalence of acute kidney injury and its association with worsened prognosis, the development of strategies for renal protection in hospitals is essential to reduce the associated high morbidity and mortality, especially for patients at high risk of developing acute kidney injury, such as patients who undergo cardiac surgery. This integrative review sought to assess the evidence available in the literature regarding the most effective interventions for the prevention of acute kidney injury in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. To select the articles, we used the CINAHL and MedLine databases. The sample of this review consisted of 16 articles. After analyzing the articles included in the review, the results of the studies showed that only hydration with saline has noteworthy results in the prevention of acute kidney injury. The other strategies are controversial and require further research to prove their effectiveness.

Aumento del volumen espirado como signo precoz de neumotórax a tensión: Informe de cuatro casos / Increase of the exhaled volume as an early sign of tension pneumothorax: Inform of four cases

Introducción: El neumotórax a tensión es una temible complicación perioperatoria asociada a elevada morbimortalidad y con mayor incidencia durante procedimientos videolaparoscópicos, debido al uso de neumoperitoneo. Objetivo: Analizar la evolución de cuatro pacientes que desarrollaron neumotórax a tensión como complicación intraoperatoria de un procedimiento videolaparoscópico con anestesia general. Desarrollo: Fueron monitorizados básicamente los pacientes programados para operación de vagotomía altamente selectiva anterior y vaguectomía troncular posterior por videolaparoscopia realizada con anestesia general balanceada. Inducidos por el aumento súbito del volumen espirado como primera alteración, se estableció el diagnóstico clínico de neumotórax a tensión por paso de dióxido de carbono intrabdominal a la cavidad pleural derecha. Se observó además la modificación secundaria de otros parámetros como tensión arterial, saturación periférica de oxígeno y concentración periódica final de dióxido de carbono, lo cual permitió practicar rápidamente el tratamiento de esta grave complicación intraoperatoria. Conclusiones: El aumento del volumen espirado puede inducir precozmente la sospecha clínica de neumotórax a tensión, lo cual favorece su tratamiento inmediato.

Tension pneumothorax is a fearsome perioperative complication associated with a high morbidity and with a great incidence during the video-laparoscopic procedures due to the use of pneumoperitoneum. Objective: To analyze the evolution of four patients presenting with tension pneumothorax as a intraoperative complication of video-laparoscopic procedure with general anesthesia. Development: Basically the patients programmed for a highly selective anterior vagotomy and posterior truncal vagotomy operation carried out with general anesthesia were monitored. Due to the sudden increase of exhaled volume as the first alteration, the diagnosis of tension pneumothorax by passing of intra-abdominal carbon dioxide to the right pleural cavity was made. Also, there was a secondary modification of other parameters as arterial tension, oxygen peripheral saturation and carbon dioxide final periodic concentration, allowing us to apply quickly the treatment of this intraoperative and severe complication. Conclusions: The increase in the exhaled volume may the early to induce the clinical suspicion of tension pneumothorax favoring its immediate treatment.

Programa de estancia corta en cirugía cardiaca: Análisis de morbimortalidad en 533 casos en cinco años / Short-stay programme in cardiac surgery: Analysis of short-term outcomes of 533 cases in five years

Introducción: Para disminuir la lista de espera para la cirugía cardiaca electiva, en 1999 el Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez inició un programa de vía rápida para casos de muy bajo riesgo quirúrgico. En 2004, este programa se extendió a pacientes con riesgo intermedio. Objetivos: Estudio prospectivo, descriptivo, para evaluar las características clínicas y demográficas de los pacientes del programa de vía rápida en cirugía cardiaca electiva. También se analizaron la estancia hospitalaria, mortalidad, complicaciones y reingresos. Métodos: De marzo de 2004 a febrero de 2009 incluimos pacientes adultos con indicación de cirugía cardiaca y con riesgo quirúrgico de bajo a intermedio, con requisitos preoperatorios completos antes del internamiento. Resultados: De un total de 598 pacientes ingresados al programa, se analizaron 533, con edad de 47 ± 14 años, 62.5% mujeres. Se clasificaron en cuatro grupos: valvulares (68%), congénitos (25%), isquémicos (5%) y mixtos (2%). Los promedios de días de estancia hospitalaria fueron: preoperatoria 1.9, terapia tres, postoperatoria en piso 6.9 y total 11.9 días. Se evidenció que 17.8 % estuvieron más de 14 días por: reoperaciones, complicaciones pulmonares, arritmias, o infecciones. La mortalidad fue de 4.1% y hubo 2.8% de reingresos en los primeros tres meses posteriores a la cirugía. Conclusiones: Este programa conduce a bajos índices de mortalidad, estancia hospitalaria y reingresos.

Background: In 1999 so as to decrease the list of cardiac surgery the "fast track" program was started for patients with very mortality low risk. In 2004, this program was extended to moderate risk patients. Objectives: A prospective, descriptive study to evaluate the clinical and demographic characteristics of "fast track" program patients for elective cardiac surgery. We also analyzed the hospital stay, mortality, complications and readmissions. Methods: From March 2004 to February we included adult patients with indications for cardiac surgery, low to intermediate risk of mortality and complete preoperative requirements. Results: From a total of 598 patients, 533 were analyzed, aged 47±14 years, 62.5% female. They were classified in four groups: valvular (68%), congenital (25%), coronary artery disease (5%), and mixed (2%). The average hospital stay was: preoperative 1.9, intensive care unit three, postoperative in hospitalization 6.9 and total 11.9 days. We found that 17.8% had a hospital stay longer than 14 days due to: reoperations, pulmonary complications, arrhythmias or infections. The mortality was 4.1 and 2.8% had readmissions three months after surgery. Conclusions: This program shows a low rate of mortality, hospital stay and readmissions.

Avaliação funcional mandibular e sensitiva orofacial de doentes com neuralgia trigeminal tratados com compressão do gânglio trigeminal com balão / Sensitive and functional evaluation of the orofacial region of patients with trigeminal neuralgia treated with balloon compression

Esse trabalho teve como objetivos avaliar as características odontológicas, verificar a ocorrência de complicações sensitivas orofaciais e determinar os aspectos funcionais mandibulares de 105 doentes com neuralgia idiopática do trigêmeo (NIT) submetidos 'a compressão radiculo-ganglionar com balão inflável. Foram realizadas 5 avaliações para cada doente: uma pré-cirúrgica e 4 pós-cirúrgicas (7, 30, 120 e 210 dias). Ocorreu comprometimento sensitivo mais intenso no território dos ramos maxilar e mandibular do nervo trigêmeo (p < 0,001) e poucas anormalidades no território do ramo oftálmico (p = 0,1815). As qualidades sensitivas calor, frio, tato, e dor foram afetadas. As queixas subjetivas de dormência foram mais frequentes do que as objetivadas durante o exame de sensibilidade facial (p < 0,001). foi elevada a ocorrência de disfunção oclusal (62,9%); 42,6% dos doentes apresentaram queixas espontâneas relacionadas à mastigação; houve intensificação da dor miofascial na musculatura mastigatória após a cirurgia (p < 0,001), que retornou aos valores iniciais após os 210 dias; a mobilidade mandibular também agravou-se (p < 0,001). Os autores concluiram que o procedimento é eficaz e seguro quando aplicado em doentes com NIT envolvendo o ramo oftálmico. Entretanto, recidiva é frequente e as complicações sensitivas e ou motoras orofaciais poderiam comprometer a qualidade de vida e dificultar a reabilitação funcional dos doentes.

The aim of this study was to determine dental characteristics, abnormalities in masticatory function and ocurrence of orofacial sensorial complications in 105 patients with trigeminal neuralgia treated with radiculo-ganglionar compression of the trigeminal ganglion with balloon. The patients were evaluated in the pre-operative period and in 4 post-operative evaluations (7, 30, 120 and 210 days). Sensory deficits were more severe in the area innervated by the maxillary and the mandibular trigeminal branches (p < 0.001); the ophthalmic branch presented abnormalities in few cases. The sensory qualities heat, cold, tactile and pain were affected. Subjective numbness was more frequent than sensory abnormalities findings at the post-operative sensitive evaluation (p < 0.001). Dental occlusion abnormalities were observed in 62.9% of the patients and 42.6% of patients' complaints were spontaneous masticatory difficulties. During the post-operative period, myofascial pain of the masticatory muscles was statistically significant (p < 0.001), but normalized after 210 days in average. It also compromised the jaw mobility (p < 0.001). It was concluded that this procedure is safe for patients with idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia involving the ophthalmic branch; however, sensory and motor complications of the method can affect the quality of life and rehabilitation of the patient.