Programa de reminiscencia apoyado en inteligencia artificial y basado en el patrimonio cultural inmaterial dirigido a personas mayores: un estudio piloto / Reminiscence program supported by artificial intelligence and based on intangible cultural heritage aimed at the elderly: A pilot study

Introducción: Las aplicaciones tecnológicas son una forma innovadora de brindar la terapia de reminiscencia (TR) y deben satisfacer las necesidades de las personas usuarias. El patrimonio cultural inmaterial (PCI) como tópico para dicha terapia no ha sido todavía explorado. Evaluamos la disponibilidad de una nueva aplicación apoyada en inteligencia artificial (IA) para la TR basada en el PCI dirigida a personas mayores. Material y métodos: Estudio observacional prospectivo realizado con personas de 65 años o más, sin deterioro cognitivo y con deterioro cognitivo leve y moderado que acudían a seis centros de mayores en España y Portugal. Las personas participantes testaron el primer prototipo del programa individualizado LONG-REMI en cuatro sesiones semanales consecutivas. La usabilidad y la satisfacción de la experiencia fueron evaluadas mediante la Escala visual analógica (EVA) al finalizar la intervención. Las emociones se evaluaron mediante la escala de afecto positivo y afecto negativo (PANAS) antes y al finalizar la intervención. Resultados: Se analizaron datos de 56 personas, la usabilidad y la satisfacción fueron altamente percibidas, con puntuaciones de 7,75±1,88 y 8,38±1,57, respectivamente. La subescala de subafecto positivo PANAS mostró cambios significativos (28,86±8,88 antes de la intervención vs. 36,70±9,43 post intervención, Z = -4,18, p = 0,000). No hubo cambios significativos en la subescala de afecto negativo PANAS. Conclusiones: El primer prototipo de la aplicación tecnológica LONG-REMI puede ser usado en personas mayores sin y con deterioro cognitivo. Este puede ser un instrumento potencial para futuras terapias cognitivas con actividades estimulantes y beneficio en las emociones. (AU)

Introduction: Technological applications are an innovative way of providing reminiscence therapy and must meet the users’ needs. Intangible cultural heritage as a basis for such therapy has not been explored yet. We evaluated the applicability of a new technological application supported by artificial intelligence for reminiscence therapy based on intangible cultural heritage aimed at older people. Material and methods: A prospective observational study was carried out with people aged 65 or over, without cognitive impairment and with mild and moderate cognitive impairment who attended six centers for older people in Spain and Portugal. Participants tested the first prototype of the individualized LONG-REMI program in four consecutive weekly sessions. The usability and satisfaction of the experience were evaluated using the VAS scale at the end of the intervention. Emotions were evaluated using the PANAS scale before and at the end of the intervention. Results: Data from 56 participants were analysed. For all participants, usability and satisfaction were highly perceived, with scores of 7.75±1.88 and 8.38±1.57, respectively. The positive affect subscale PANAS showed significant changes (28.86±8.88 before the intervention versus 36.70±9.43 post intervention, Z = −4.18, P = 0.000). There were no significant changes in the PANAS negative affect subscale. Conclusions: The first prototype of the LONG-REMI technological application can be used by older people both with and without cognitive impairment. This has the potential to be an instrument for future cognitive therapies with stimulating activities and benefits for emotions. (AU)

[Reminiscence program supported by artificial intelligence and based on intangible cultural heritage aimed at the elderly: A pilot study]. / Programa de reminiscencia apoyado en inteligencia artificial y basado en el patrimonio cultural inmaterial dirigido a personas mayores: un estudio piloto.

INTRODUCTION: Technological applications are an innovative way of providing reminiscence therapy and must meet the users' needs. Intangible cultural heritage as a basis for such therapy has not been explored yet. We evaluated the applicability of a new technological application supported by artificial intelligence for reminiscence therapy based on intangible cultural heritage aimed at older people. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A prospective observational study was carried out with people aged 65 or over, without cognitive impairment and with mild and moderate cognitive impairment who attended six centers for older people in Spain and Portugal. Participants tested the first prototype of the individualized LONG-REMI program in four consecutive weekly sessions. The usability and satisfaction of the experience were evaluated using the VAS scale at the end of the intervention. Emotions were evaluated using the PANAS scale before and at the end of the intervention. RESULTS: Data from 56 participants were analysed. For all participants, usability and satisfaction were highly perceived, with scores of 7.75±1.88 and 8.38±1.57, respectively. The positive affect subscale PANAS showed significant changes (28.86±8.88 before the intervention versus 36.70±9.43 post intervention, Z = -4.18, P = 0.000). There were no significant changes in the PANAS negative affect subscale. CONCLUSIONS: The first prototype of the LONG-REMI technological application can be used by older people both with and without cognitive impairment. This has the potential to be an instrument for future cognitive therapies with stimulating activities and benefits for emotions.

Cognitive-Behavioral and Personal Construct Therapies for Depression in Women with Fibromyalgia: A Randomized Controlled Trial / Terapias Cognitivo-Conductual y de Constructos Personales para la depresión en mujeres con fibromialgia: un estudio controlado aleatorizado

ResumenAntecedentes/Objetivo: La fibromialgia es un trastorno de dolor crónico que los síntomas depresivos agravan. El objetivo de este estudio es probar la eficacia de la Terapia de Cons-tructos Personales (TCP), aproximación que enfatiza las características identitarias y los significados personales como foco de la intervención, para el tratamiento de síntomas de-presivos en mujeres con fibromialgia. Método: Comparamos la TCP con la Terapia Cognitivo-Conductual (TCC) en un ensayo multicéntrico paralelo aleatorizado. Mujeres con fibromial-gia y síntomas depresivos (n = 106) fueron aleatorizadas a TCC (n = 55) o TCP (n = 51), en formato individual y modular para ajustarse a las necesidades de las pacientes. Los datos se analizaron usando modelos lineales de efectos mixtos. Resultados: Ambas condiciones redu-jeron significativamente los síntomas depresivos sin encontrarse diferencias significativas después del tratamiento (β= -0,47, t = -0,49, p = 0,63) ni en el seguimiento (β= -1,12, t = -1,09, p = 0,28). Resultados similares se encontraron para la ansiedad, el impacto de la fi-bromialgia, la distribución del cambio clínicamente significativo para los síntomas depresi-vos y el dolor. Conclusiones: la TCP y TCC parecerían ser igualmente efectivas para el trata-miento de los síntomas depresivos, postulando la TCP como una alternativa de tratamiento.

AbstractBackground/Objective:Fibromyalgia is a chronic pain syndrome that depressive symptoms can aggravate. The aim of the present study was to test the efficacy of Personal Construct Therapy (PCT), an approach that emphasizes identity features and interpersonal meanings as the focus of the treatment of depressive symptoms, in women with fibromyalgia. Method: We compared PCT with Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) in a multicenter parallel randomized trial. Women with fibromyalgia and depressive symptoms (n = 106) were randomly allocated to CBT (n = 55) or PCT (n = 51) in individual and modular formats to adjust to their needs. Analysis was by linear mixed-effects models. Results: Participants in both conditions had significantly reduced depressive symptoms, and we found no significant difference when comparing groups both post-treatment (β= -0.47, t = -0.49, p = .63) and at follow-up (β= -1.12, t = -1.09, p = .28). Results were similar between groups for anxiety, fibromyalgia’s impact, and the distribution of clinically significant changes in depressive symptoms and pain. Conclusions: PCT and CBT seem to be equally effective in the treatment of depressive symptoms, making PCT a viable alternative treatment.

A contribuição dos valores para a terapia cognitiva / The contribution of values to cognitive therapy

A psicoterapia cognitiva baseia-se no pressuposto de que o controle ou remoção de crenças autodepreciativas, caracterizadas como pensamentos automáticos, contribuem significativamente no bem-estar do paciente. Neste estudo, defende-se o ponto de vista de que é possível aumentar a eficácia e a eficiência dessa prática terapêutica mediante a análise dos valores nela envolvidos. Há três pontos a considerar nesta proposta: a suposição de que comportamentos humanos estão sempre baseados em valores; a interpretação cognitivista dos valores; e, o entendimento de que sentimentos constituem a essência psicológica dos valores. Assim, de acordo com esta proposta, a psicoterapia cognitiva será mais eficaz e eficiente se, além das crenças, vierem a ser considerados os valores, sobretudo os do terapeuta. A aceitação desta perspectiva poderia influenciar na formação dos terapeutas cognitivos, os quais ficariam familiarizados com a teoria cognitiva dos valores. (AU)

Cognitive psychotherapy is based on the assumption that the control or suppression of low self-esteem beliefs characterized by automatic thoughts contributes significantly to the patient´s well ­ being. In this study it is suggested that it is possible to enhance efficacy and efficiency of such therapeutic practice by means of the evaluation of the set of values involved. Three baseline conditions are assumed: the hypothesis that human behavior is based on values; the cognitive interpretation of values; and the understanding that positive feelings are the psychological essence of values. Thus, according to this proposition, cognitive psychotherapy could be more successful and efficient if, in addition to beliefs, values are considered. The acceptance of such perspective could affect the training and education of cognitive psychotherapists, who would become familiarized whit the cognitive theoretical framework of values. (AU)

FTBC: uma jornada de 15 anos em prol das terapias cognitivas no Brasil / FBTC: a 15 year jorney in favor of cognitive therapies in Brazil

O presente relato tem por objetivo apresentar de forma resumida o crescimento da Federação Brasileira de Terapias Cognitivas no ano em que esta comemora seus 15 anos de fundação. Para tanto, são apresentados alguns dados da literatura que referem o crescimento das terapias cognitivas tanto nas publicações quanto na prática clínica, bem como dados nacionais sobre o ensino das terapias cognitivas nos cursos de graduação em psicologia. Em seguida, são apresentados e discutidos os dados sobre os associados da Federação, que indicam um maior crescimento das terapias cognitivas nas regiões Sul, Sudeste e Nordeste, sendo que as regiões Norte e Centro-Oeste têm obtido modesto crescimento(AU)

This brief report aims to present the growth of the Brazilian Federation of Cognitive Therapies in the year of its fifteenth anniversary. Some literature data refers to the increase of literature and clinical practice of cognitive therapies, as well as national data on the teaching of cognitive therapies in undergraduate courses in psychology. The data about membership growth of the Federation is presented and discussed. The data indicates further growth of cognitive therapies in the South, Southeast and Northeast. On the other hand, in the North and Midwest regions of Brazil, Cognitive Therapies have achieved modest growth(AU)

Experiências e impactos do aprendizado em Homeopatia: relatos de médicos egressos do Curso de Especialização em Homeopatia da FMJ / Experiences and impacts of Learning Homeopathy: reports by medical graduates of a specialization course in homeopathy

Nas últimas décadas, a insatisfação com o cuidado médico contribuiu para a valorização de formações médicas mais abrangentes e humanizadas e para a busca das medicinas complementares e alternativas (CAM) como opções de tratamento. Desde 2003, o Curso de Pós-Graduação em Homeopatia da Faculdade de Medicina de Jundiaí (PGH-FMJ) oferece o ensino da Homeopatia para médicos, integrando-a à medicina convencional. Este estudo analisa as experiências de aprendizado em Homeopatia dos egressos das duas primeiras turmas do Curso de Especialização em Homeopatia da PGH-FMJ, totalizando 14 participantes. A metodologia compreendeu questionários de múltipla escolha, entrevistas não estruturadas e a técnica de História Oral. Os resultados revelaram que os egressos adquiriram competências para o exercício da especialidade, com ganhos nas dimensões afetivas, intelectivas e de atitude, maior satisfação profissional e pessoal, e melhora na relação médico-paciente.

In recent decades, dissatisfaction with medical care has led to greater appreciation of a more comprehensive and humanistic medical education and to the search for other treatment options among complementary and alternative medicines (CAM). Since 2003, the Jundiaí School of Medicine offers graduate education in homeopathy (PGH-FMJ) for medical doctors, combining homeopathy and conventional medicine. The aim of this paper was to analyze the learning experiences of graduate students from the two first classes at the PGH-FMJ, with a total of 14 participants. The methodology included multiple-choice questionnaires, non-structured interviews, and the oral history technique. The results showed that the learning of homeopathy at the Jundiaí School of Medicine developed specific professional skills and led to new humanistic, affective, intellectual, and attitudinal insights among participants, as well as to greater professional and personal satisfaction and an improved physician-patient relationship.

Terapias cognitivas: um re-olhar sobre sua trajetória e pressupostos teóricos e tecnológicos / Cognitive therapies: a re-look at their path and theoretical and technological assumptions

Este artigo tem o objetivo de realizar uma contextualização acerca da trajetória das Terapias Cognitivas nas últimas décadas, abordando o caminho percorrido desde suas origens filosóficas e científicas até o desenvolvimento de suas terapêuticas. Apresenta questões sobre a escolha epistemológica, aportes teóricos e tecnológicos provenientes dos contrutos e conceitos centrais dessa abordagem psicoterápica. Busca ampliar as reflexões sobre as atuais questões teóricas e tecnológicas que permeiam o cotidiano de pesquisadores e psicoterapeutas congnitivistas. (AU)

The purpose of this article is to contextualize the trajectory of the Cognitive Therapies in the last decades, approaching the path it has taken since its philosophical and scientific origins through the development of its therapeutics. His work also raises the issue of the epistemological choice, theoretical and technological bases originated from constructs and concepts central to this psychotherapeutic approach. It aims at expanding the reflection on the current theoretical and technological issues that underlie the daily lives of researchers and cognitive psychotherapists. (AU)

Terapias cognitivo-comportamentais, terapias cognitivas e técnicas comportamentais para o transtorno de ansiedade social / Cognitive behavioral-therapies, cognitive therapies and behavioral strategies for the treatment of social anxiety disorder

CONTEXTO: Pacientes com transtorno de ansiedade social respondem de forma distinta a diferentes tipos de terapias cognitivas e/ou comportamentais, o que motiva a avaliação das melhores técnicas para o tratamento desse transtorno. OBJETIVO: Realizar uma revisão sistemática de estudos controlados que avaliaram a eficácia das técnicas cognitivo e/ ou comportamentais na redução do transtorno de ansiedade social. MÉTODO: Análise sistemática de ensaios clínicos randomizados indexados nas seguintes bases de dados: PubMed/MedLine, PsycINFO, Registro Cochrane de Ensaios Controlados, LILACS, ISI/Web of Science e em artigos relacionados. RESULTADOS: Não se encontrou consenso sobre a eficácia da associação da terapia cognitiva com técnicas comportamentais. Novas técnicas (tratamento por realidade virtual, tarefa de casa via computador e autoterapia com assistência terapêutica) demonstraram ser tão eficazes quanto aquelas utilizadas na terapia cognitivo-comportamental (TCC) padrão. A associação da TCC com evitação de comportamentos de segurança e com o treino de habilidades sociais apresentou vantagem adicional em relação ao modelo convencional. Entre as técnicas comportamentais, o treino em tarefa de concentração e a exposição foram as estratégias mais eficazes. O tratamento individual foi mais efetivo do que em grupo e o modelo de sessões semanais foi mais eficaz do que sessões no mínimo quinzenais. CONCLUSÃO: Os estudos avaliados confirmaram que tanto técnicas cognitivas quanto comportamentais (convencionais e inovadoras) são eficazes no tratamento do transtorno de ansiedade social.

BACKGROUND: Patients with social anxiety disorder (SAD) exhibit distinctive patterns of response to different types of cognitive and/or behavioral treatment. Therefore, it is imperative to assess the best techniques used for the treatment of this disorder. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this paper is to perform a systematic review of controlled studies that evaluated the efficacy of cognitive and/or behavioral techniques on the treatment of SAD. METHOD: A systematic analysis of randomized clinical trials indexed in the following databases was made: PubMed/MedLine, PsycINFO, Cochrane Controlled Trials Register, LILACS, ISI Web of Science, and related articles. RESULTS: No consensus on the efficacy of associating cognitive and behavioral therapies was found. Novel techniques (such as virtual reality, bycomputerhomework,and self therapy with therapeuticassistance) werefoundto be as effectiveasstandardcognitivebehavioral therapy (CBT). The association of CBT with the avoidance of safety behaviors, as well as with social skills training was associated with an additional advantage. As for behavioral therapy, focus training and exposure therapy were considered to be the most effective techniques. Further, individual treatment was more effective than group therapy, and weekly sessions were associated with better results than those occurring at least every other week. DISCUSSION: Both cognitive and behavioral (standard and innovative) therapies are effective for treating social phobia.

Terapias cognitivas: um re-olhar sobre sua trajetória e pressupostos teóricos e tecnológicos / Cognitive therapies: a re-look at their path and theoretical and technological assumptions

Este artigo tem o objetivo de realizar uma contextualização acerca da trajetória das Terapias Cognitivas nas últimas décadas, abordando o caminho percorrido desde suas origens filosóficas e científicas até o desenvolvimento de suas terapêuticas. Apresenta questões sobre a escolha epistemológica, aportes teóricos e tecnológicos provenientes dos contrutos e conceitos centrais dessa abordagem psicoterápica. Busca ampliar as reflexões sobre as atuais questões teóricas e tecnológicas que permeiam o cotidiano de pesquisadores e psicoterapeutas congnitivistas.

The purpose of this article is to contextualize the trajectory of the Cognitive Therapies in the last decades, approaching the path it has taken since its philosophical and scientific origins through the development of its therapeutics. His work also raises the issue of the epistemological choice, theoretical and technological bases originated from constructs and concepts central to this psychotherapeutic approach. It aims at expanding the reflection on the current theoretical and technological issues that underlie the daily lives of researchers and cognitive psychotherapists.