Impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on the profile and preferences of urban mobility in Brazil: Challenges and opportunities.

Daily commuting characteristics were highly affected by the COVID-19 pandemic, since restriction of the movement of people was one of the main preventive measures adopted. Understanding of the effects that the pandemic had on mobility is essential to help in mitigating the problems arising from this crisis, while also providing an opportunity for the implementation of sustainable policies in the post-pandemic period. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify the impacts of the pandemic on the profile of travel behavior and mobility preferences in Brazil, using a case study of cities located in the state of Rio Grande do Sul. The data obtained from an online survey were modeled using exploratory factor analysis, resulting in the extraction of 15 main factors that explain behavioral changes in mobility due to the effects of the pandemic, as well as future perspectives. In the pandemic period, the use of private vehicles grew as the main mode of transport to the principal activity. Conversely, the use of public transport decreased drastically, due to compulsory measures taken by the health authorities to prevent the spread of the new virus. There was also greater receptivity to the adoption of active mobility, especially the bicycle, although it is necessary to provide better conditions for use of this transport mode. The findings support the development of public policies to reduce urban mobility problems and to provide guidelines for sustainable planning in the post-pandemic period.

A survey dataset to evaluate the changes in mobility and transportation due to COVID-19 travel restrictions in Australia, Brazil, China, Ghana, India, Iran, Italy, Norway, South Africa, United States.

COVID-19 pandemic has heavily impacted the global community. To curb the viral transmission, travel restrictions have been enforced across the world. The dataset documents the mobility disruptions and the modal shifts that have occurred as a consequence of the restrictive measures implemented in ten countries: Australia, Brazil, China, Ghana, India, Iran, Italy, Norway, South Africa and the United States. An online questionnaire was distributed during the period from the 11st to the 31st of May 2020, with a total of 9 394 respondents. The first part of the survey has characterized the frequency of use of all transport modes before and during the enforcement of the restrictions, while the second part of the survey has dealt with perceived risks of contracting COVID-19 from different transport modes and perceived effectiveness of travel mitigation measures. Overall, the dataset (stored in a repository publicly available) can be conveniently used to quantify and understand the modal shifts and people's cognitive behavior towards travel due to COVID-19. The collected responses can be further analysed by considering other demographic and socioeconomic covariates.

A database to analyze cycling routes in Medellin, Colombia.

A bicycle route questionnaire was designed to collect information about the characteristics of cyclists and the routes they take. Medellin is used as a case study in this paper due to its strong sociodemographic inequality, land use, urban form diversity, and topographical variability. The survey execution targeted bicycle commuters in the city by distributing the questionnaires online, personally by telephone, and personally on the street. These data will be useful to support strategies aiming to promote bicycling as a mode of transportation. Several types of analysis may be derived from the data, including an explanation of the factors determining the route choice and route comparisons according to the sociodemographics and locations of users. For instance, these data have already been used by Ospina et al. (2020) [1] where they sought to understand cycling travel distance in Medellin city.

Como Medir o Hábito? Evidências de Validade de um Índice de Autorrelato / How to Measure Habit? Evidence of Validity a of Self-Report Index

RESUMO O hábito é um comportamento aprendido que se tornou automático após várias repetições em um contexto estável. Investigamos o uso habitual do automóvel. Realizaram-se dois estudos sobre as propriedades psicométricas do Índice de Autorrelato do Hábito (IAH). No Estudo 1, o IAH foi traduzido para o português e, posteriormente, testado com 238 participantes. Constataram-se bons indicadores de precisão (α = 0,95), de validade de construto e de validade convergente com duas medidas de hábito (ambas r = 0,70, p = 0,01), assim como com a quantidade de quilômetros rodados (r = 0,20, p = 0,05). No Estudo 2, com 970 participantes, por meio de survey on-line, foram identificadas novas evidências de validade e precisão, corroborando o Estudo 1.

ABSTRACT Habit is a learned behavior that has become automatic after being repeated several times in a stable context. We investigated the habitual use of the automobile. Two studies were performed on the psychometric proprieties of the Self-Report Habit Index (SRHI). In Study 1, the SRHI was translated into Portuguese and then tested with 238 participants. The results showed good indicators of reliability (α = .95), construct validity and convergent validity with two measures of habit (both r = .70, p = .01), and with the number of kilometers traveled (r = .20, p = .05). In Study 2, with 970 participants via an online survey, further evidence of validity and reliability was identified, corroborating the results of Study 1.