Riesgo microbiológico de caries y factores predisponentes en mujeres gestantes / Microbiological caries risk and predisposing factors in pregnant women

La caries es una enfermedad multifactorial que afecta los tejidos duros del diente, con la evaluación del riesgo de caries es posible determinar la probabilidad de su incidencia durante un determinado periodo de tiempo. El objetivo consistió en determinar el estado de salud bucal en mujeres gestantes y su relación con factores de riesgo de caries. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo observacional clínico. La población estuvo constituida por mujeres gestantes que concurrieron al Hospital Ángela Llano de la cuidad de Corrientes para su atención. Se confeccionó una historia clínica y se determinó el estado de salud bucal y de riesgo de caries según protocolo CAMBRA. Para la carac- terización y descripción de los datos se utilizaron estadísticas univariadas. Los resultados alcanzados fueron: Índice de Caries de 4.5 a 6.5, en el índice de Placa la media ± DS 56,8% ± 39,9% Min: 28,5%/ Max: 90,9%. Respecto al valor de pH de 7,11 ±0,43, Min.: 7,00, Max.: 8,67. Flujo salival: media ± DS: 0,58ml/m ± 0,28 ml/m Min.:0,2 ml/m Max.: 0,62 ml/m; Edad promedio: 22años. Min.:18 Max.: 33 años. Recuento de Strepto- coccus mutans (SM) con periodo gestacional 1° y 2° trimestre, el conteo de bacterias: 2.3x105 +/- 3.2x 105 UFC/ml de saliva y 3° Trimestre el conteo de 1.2x 106 +/-2.02 x 106 UFC/ml de saliva. La presencia de SM puede aumentar considerable- mente el riesgo de caries, si los mecanismos de defen- sa del huésped no anulan la bacteria (AU)

Caries is a multifactorial disease that affects the hard tissues of the tooth. By evaluating the risk of caries, it is possible to determine the probability of its incidence during a certain period of time. The objective was to determine the oral health status of pregnant women and its relationship with caries risk factors. A clinical observational descriptive study was carried out. The population was made up of pregnant women who attended the Ángela Llano Hospital in the city of Corrientes for care. A clinical history was prepared, and the oral health status and caries risk were determined according to the CAMBRA protocol. Univariate statistics were used to characterize and describe the data. The results achieved were Caries Index from 4.5 to 6.5, in the Plaque index the mean ± SD 56.8% ± 39.9% Min: 28.5%/ Max: 90.9%. Regarding the pH value of 7.11 ±0.43, Min.: 7.00, Max.: 8.67. Salivary flow: mean ± SD: 0.58 ml/m ± 0.28 ml/m Min.: 0.2 ml/m Max.: 0.62 ml/m; Average age: 22 years. Min.:18 Max.: 33 years. Streptococcus mutans (SM) count with gestational period 1st and 2nd trimester, bacteria count: 2.3x105 +/- 3.2x 105 CFU/ml of saliva and 3rd Trimester count 1.2x 106 +/- 2.02 x 106 CFU/ml of saliva. The presence of SM can considerably increase the risk of caries, if the host defense mechanisms do not override the bacteria (AU)

Vertical Stratification of Solitary Bees and Wasps in an Urban Forest from the Brazilian Amazon.

Solitary bees and wasps that nest in cavities in tree trunks are important components of terrestrial ecosystems, providing pollination services, and in the case of wasps, the regulation of their prey populations. However, little is known about the vertical strata where bees and wasps build their nests. This is especially the case of urban forest remnants in the Amazon, which is relevant in the context of the global crisis in insect losses. We investigated the existence of vertical stratification in the nesting of solitary bees and wasps in an urban forest in Rio Branco, state of Acre, in the western Brazilian Amazon. We focused on whether wood temperature, ants, and termites are predictors of bee and wasp nesting. We sampled bee and wasp nests in the forest using trap-nests made with wooden blocks containing cavities with three different diameters for twelve months. Trap-nests were installed randomly at three heights in the forest. We collected 145 nests of 25 species, belonging to 11 genera and 6 families. A higher number of nests and species were collected in the upper stratum of the forest, strengthening the hypothesis that there is vertical stratification in the assemblage of solitary bees and wasps. Wood surface temperature and termite attacks on trap-nests were significantly different between strata, which may explain the vertical stratification of bee and wasp assemblages. Considering the importance of these insects for tropical forest ecosystems, the conservation of structurally complex and stratified forests is of paramount importance to maintain the diversity of this insect group.

A Systematic Review on Caries Detection, Classification, and Segmentation from X-Ray Images: Methods, Datasets, Evaluation, and Open Opportunities.

Dental caries occurs from the interaction between oral bacteria and sugars, generating acids that damage teeth over time. The importance of X-ray images for detecting oral problems is undeniable in dentistry. With technological advances, it is feasible to identify these lesions using techniques such as deep learning, machine learning, and image processing. Therefore, the survey and systematization of these methods are essential to determining the main computational approaches for identifying caries in X-ray images. In this systematic review, we investigated the primary computational methods used for classifying, detecting, and segmenting caries in X-ray images. Following the PRISMA methodology, we selected relevant studies and analyzed their methods, strengths, limitations, imaging modalities, evaluation metrics, datasets, and classification techniques. The review encompassed 42 studies retrieved from the Science Direct, IEEExplore, ACM Digital, and PubMed databases from the Computer Science and Health areas. The results indicate that 12% of the included articles utilized public datasets, with deep learning being the predominant approach, accounting for 69% of the studies. The majority of these studies (76%) focused on classifying dental caries, either in binary or multiclass classification. Panoramic imaging was the most commonly used radiographic modality, representing 29% of the cases studied. Overall, our systematic review provides a comprehensive overview of the computational methods employed in identifying caries in radiographic images and highlights trends, patterns, and challenges in this research field.

Numerical investigation of viscoplastic fluids on natural convection in open cavities with solid obstacles.

This study investigates the natural convection process within open cavities filled with viscoplastic fluid following the Bingham model with solid square conductive blocks uniformly distributed throughout the cavity. The problem is modeled as a two-dimensional laminar in a steady state with the heated surface parallel to the cavity opening and the other adiabatic surfaces. Three geometries are analyzed: the downward-facing cavity, side-facing cavity, and upward-facing cavity. Parametric analysis is performed in terms of Rayleigh number and Bingham number. The solid-fluid thermal conductivity ratio, the number of blocks, the Prandtl number, and the solid volume fraction within the cavity are fixed, with values of 10, 16, 500, and 0.36, respectively. The results are presented in streamlines, isotherms, unyielded regions, dimensionless velocity, dimensionless temperature, and Nusselt number on the heated surface. A comparison with the closed square cavity is performed, and it is noted that the natural convection has a greater magnitude in the open cavity. Rayleigh and Bingham's numbers have opposite effects on heat transfer. Effects of block interference and channeling of flow within the cavity are observed. For a given value of the Bingham number, there is an abrupt transition from the advective to conductive regime inside the cavity and a critical Bingham number (Bnmax) in which unyielded regions fill the entire geometry, i.e., without flow. Finally, average Nusselt number correlations for each geometry and flow, and no-flow diagrams are presented.

Prevalencia y severidad de la caries dental en adolescentes / Prevalence and Severity of Dental Cavities in Adolescents

Introducción: La caries dental es una enfermedad multifactorial que prevalece durante la infancia y adolescencia. Objetivo: Determinar la prevalencia, severidad y gravedad de la caries dental en los adolescentes. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal en adolescentes pertenecientes al municipio Plaza de la Revolución, La Habana, Cuba, en el período de octubre de 2019 a octubre de 2022. La muestra que se empleó fue de tipo aleatoria estratificada de 969 adolescentes. Para medir la prevalencia de la caries se utilizó el COP-D, para la severidad y gravedad el sistema ICDAS. Los datos primarios se procesaron con los programas informáticos Statistica 6.1. Se realizó prueba de ji al cuadrado por el programa Epidat y los resultados se describieron mediante cifras frecuenciales y porcentuales. Resultados : El índice de COP-D fue de 1,92; en el grupo de 18-19 años el COP-D fue de 1,96. Con relación a la severidad de las caries, el 19,2 por ciento presentó caries código 1; el grupo de 18-19 años mostró un 18,9 por ciento de afectación por caries, relacionadas con la gravedad de las lesiones; los mayores porcentajes se presentaron en las lesiones leves con un 35,2 por ciento. Conclusiones: La prevalencia de la caries dental fue baja. El índice de COP-D ligeramente mayor en el grupo de 18-19 años. En cuanto a la severidad, predominaron las lesiones de caries código 1 y 2; las mayores proporciones fueron leves(AU)

Introduction: Dental cavities is a multifactorial disease prevalent during childhood and adolescence. Objective: To determine the prevalence and severity of dental cavities in adolescents. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out in adolescents belonging to the Plaza de la Revolución municipality, Havana, Cuba, in the period from October 2019 to October 2022. The sample used was a stratified random sample of 969 adolescents. The COP-D was used to measure the prevalence of cavities, and the ICDAS system was used for severity and severity. The primary data were processed with Statistica 6.1 software. The chi-square test was performed with the Epidat program and the results were described by frequency and percentage figures. Results: The COP-D index was 1.92; in the group aged 18-19 years the COP-D was 1.96. In relation to cavities severity, 19.2 percent presented code 1 cavities; the 18-19 years age group showed 18.9 percent cavities involvement, related to the severity of the lesions; the highest percentages were presented in mild lesions with 35.2 percent. Conclusions: The prevalence of dental cavities was low. The rate of COP-D was slightly higher in the 18-19 years age group. In terms of severity, cavities code 1 and 2 lesions predominated; the highest proportions were mild(AU)

Frecuencia de caries en niños de 6 a 11 años con normopeso y malnutridos por exceso / Frequency of cavities in children aged 6 to 11 with normal weight and malnutrition by excess

RESUMEN Objetivo: Estimar y comparar la frecuencia de caries en niños de 6 a 11 años con malnutrición por exceso y normopeso que fueron atendidos en la clínica de odontopediatría de la Universidad Andrés Bello (Santiago, Chile) en 2021 y 2022. La hipótesis es que la frecuencia de caries dental en niños con malnutrición por exceso es mayor que en niños normopeso. Materiales y métodos: Diseño: Exploratorio, descriptivo y transversal. Se escogieron 52 pacientes normopeso que cumplían con los criterios de inclusión (28 y 24 niños de 6 a 8 años y de 9 a 11 años, respectivamente) y 44 malnutridos por exceso (29 y 15 niños 6 a 8 años y 9 a 11 años, respectivamente), tomando en consideración el control de los factores confundentes o factores no controlados: nivel socioeconómico, dieta, higiene y enfermedades que condicionen la salud bucal. Mediciones: Estimación de medias de frecuencia de caries, desviación estándar e intervalo de confianza 95 %. Resultados: Se observa que las medias de las frecuencias de caries en los niños normopeso son menores que los niños malnutridos por exceso en todos los grupos de edades estudiados. Conclusión: Se infiere que los niños con mala nutrición por exceso se relacionan con valores altos de frecuencia de caries.

ABSTRACT Objective: To estimate and compare the frequency of caries in children aged 6 to 11 years with malnutrition due to excess and normal weight who were treated at the Odontological Clinic of Pediatric Dentistry at the Andrés Bello University (Santiago, Chile) in the years 2021 and 2022. The hypothesis is that the frequency of dental caries in children with excess malnutrition is higher than in normal weight children. Materials and methods: Desing: exploratory, descriptive and cross-sectional. 52 normal weight patients (28 and 24 children aged 6 to 8 and 9 to 11 years respectively) and 44 malnourished due to excess (29 and 15 children aged 6 to 8 and 9 to 11 years respectively) were chosen, taking into consideration the control of confounding factors: socioeconomic level, diet, hygiene and diseases that condition oral health. Measurements: to estimate of the frequency of caries, standard deviation and confidence interval. Results: It is observed that the mean caries frequencies in children with normal weight are lower than those in children malnourished due to excess. Conclusion: It is inferred that children with poor nutrition due to excess are related to high caries frequency values.

Factors associated with dental cavity in children aged six to 36 months old, in Salvador-BA / Fatores associados à cárie dentária em crianças de seis a 36 meses, em Salvador-BA

Abstract Objectives: to analyze the factors associatedwith dental cavity in early childhood. Methods: this is a cross-sectional study on oral health condition of 535 children aged between six and 36 months old, at Family Health Units, in Salvador-BA. Information was collected on socioeconomic conditions, mother and child's health, eating and oral hygiene habits, and oral examination. Results: the prevalence of dental cavity was 13.64% (CI95%=11.44 -15.84) and the factors associated were: child's age, number of rooms in the house, "Bolsa Família" (Family Welfare) benefit, prenatal consultations, birth weight and exclusive breastfeeding. Conclusions: socioeconomic conditions strongly influenced oral health, as well as prenatal care and breastfeeding. To prevent childhood cavities, it is pertinent to invest in intersectoral actions and systematized programs, including the medical and nursing staff, as these actions are essential for integral care for the child's health and quality of life

Resumo Objetivos: analisar os fatores associados à cárie dentária na primeira infância. Métodos: trata-se de um estudo transversal das condições de saúde oral de 535 crianças entre seis e 36 meses, em Unidades de Saúde da Família, em Salvador-BA. Foram coletadas informações sobre as condições socioeconômicas, saúde da mãe e da criança, hábitos alimentares e de higiene oral e exame oral. Resultados: a prevalência de cárie dentária foi de 13,64% (IC95%=11,44-15,84) e os fatores associados foram: idade da criança, número de cômodos da casa, benefício "Bolsa Família", consultas de pré-natal, peso ao nascer e aleitamento materno exclusivo. Conclusões: as condições socioeconômicas influenciam fortemente na saúde oral, bem como o pré-natal e o aleitamento materno. Para prevenir cárie na infância, é pertinente investir em ações intersetoriais e programas sistematizados, incluindo a equipe médica e de enfermagem, pois estas ações são imprescindíveis para o cuidado integral à saúde da criança e qualidade de vida

Angiosarcoma de cavidad nasal: reporte de caso y revisión de literatura / Nasal cavity angiosarcoma: case report and literature review

Los tumores malignos de cavidad nasal y cavidades paranasales son poco frecuentes y sus síntomas de presentación suelen ser unilaterales e inespecíficos; éstos incluyen: epistaxis, rinorrea y obstrucción nasal. Encontramos una amplia variedad histológica de tumores, entre ellos tenemos el angiosarcoma nasal, que es considerado una rareza y el diagnóstico definitivo lo da la confirmación anatomopatológica complementado con estudios inmunohistoquímicos. Su modalidad de tratamiento incluye múltiples opciones, pero la cirugía radical temprana con márgenes negativos asociado a radioterapia adyuvante, ofrece el mejor pronóstico. Se presenta a un paciente adulto masculino con un angiosarcoma nasal izquierdo que fue detectado de forma precoz y se manejó con cirugía radical y radioterapia.

Malignant tumors of the nasal cavity and paranasal cavities are rare, while presenting symptoms are usually unilateral and nonspecific like, epistaxis, rhinorrhea, and nasal obstruction. There are many histological varieties of tumors, among them we have nasal angiosarcoma, which is considered a rarity pathology. The definitive diagnosis is given by biopsy confirmation complemented with immunohistochemical studies. Its treatment modality includes multiple options, but early radical surgery with negative margins associated with adjuvant radiotherapy offers the best prognosis. We present a male adult patient with a left nasal angiosarcoma that was detected early and managed with radical surgery and radiotherapy.

Analysis of changes of cavity volumes in predefined directions of protein motions and cavity flexibility.

Dynamics of protein cavities associated with protein fluctuations and conformational plasticity is essential for their biological function. NMR ensembles, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, and normal mode analysis (NMA) provide appropriate frameworks to explore functionally relevant protein dynamics and cavity changes relationships. Within this context, we have recently developed analysis of null areas (ANA), an efficient method to calculate cavity volumes. ANA is based on a combination of algorithms that guarantees its robustness against numerical differentiations. This is a unique feature with respect to other methods. Herein, we present an updated and improved version that expands it use to quantify changes in cavity features, like volume and flexibility, due to protein structural distortions performed on predefined biologically relevant directions, for example, directions of largest contribution to protein fluctuations (principal component analysis [PCA modes]) obtained by MD simulations or ensembles of NMR structures, collective NMA modes or any other direction of motion associated with specific conformational changes. A web page has been developed where its facilities are explained in detail. First, we show that ANA can be useful to explore gradual changes of cavity volume and flexibility associated with protein ligand binding. Secondly, we perform a comparison study of the extent of variability between protein backbone structural distortions, and changes in cavity volumes and flexibilities evaluated for an ensemble of NMR active and inactive conformers of the epidermal growth factor receptor structures. Finally, we compare changes in size and flexibility between sets of NMR structures for different homologous chains of dynein.

Índice CPOD y ceo-d en niños de 5 a 8 años de una escuela en una localidad de Ecuador / CPOD and ceo-d index in children between 5 and 8 years old from a school in a locality in Ecuador

Las enfermedades orales son las más comunes de las enfermedades crónicas y uno de los problemas más importantes de salud pública debido a su prevalencia, su impacto en los individuos y la sociedad y el costo de su tratamiento. En el caso de los niños este efecto se multiplica por las consecuencias que se derivan para la edad adulta. El objetivo de este estudio fue estimar los índices ceo-d en niños escolares de 5 a 8 años en la Unidad Educativa "Alejandro Dávalos Calle", Ecuador. Para ello, bajo una investigación exploratoria, descriptiva, no experimental, de campo y de corte transversal. Se seleccionó como población los niños entre 5 y 8 años de edad en el periodo académico 2017-2018; la muestra estuvo conformada por 96 niños de ambos sexos, previo a consentimiento informado y cumpliendo las normas de bioéticas. Se realizaron revisión de historia clínica de los infantes y se les aplico encuestas validadas por expertos, a estudiantes, representantes y docentes. Se obtuvo prevalencia a caries en el 100% de los niños, 47% con dientes obturados y 64% perdieron piezas dentales, no se encontró evidencia estadísticamente significativa entre la presencia de caries y el sexo. El CEOD moderado, identificándose como factores de riesgos el desconocimiento de las medidas higiénicas bucal, baja frecuencia en la revisión odontológica y una dieta altamente cariogénica en estos niños. Se recomienda diseñar campañas educativas integrales que oriente a buenas prácticas de higiene bucal con el objetivo de prevenir y minimizar el número de personas afectadas por este mal(AU)

Oral diseases are the most common of the chronic diseases and one of the most important public health problems due to their prevalence, their impact on individuals and society, and the cost of their treatment. In the case of children, this effect is multiplied by the consequences that are derived for adulthood. The objective of this study was to estimate the ceo-d indices in school children aged 5 to 8 years at the "Alejandro Dávalos Calle" Educational Unit, Ecuador. For this, under an exploratory, descriptive, non-experimental, field and cross-sectional investigation. Children between 5 and 8 years of age in the academic period 2017-2018 were selected as the population; The sample consisted of 96 children of both sexes, prior to informed consent and complying with bioethical norms. The infants' clinical history was reviewed and surveys validated by experts, students, representatives, and teachers were applied. Caries prevalence was obtained in 100% of the children, 47% with filled teeth and 64% lost teeth, no statistically significant evidence was found between the presence of caries and sex. The CEOD is high, identifying as risk factors the ignorance of oral hygiene measures, low frequency in dental check-ups and a highly cariogenic diet in these children. It is recommended to design comprehensive educational campaigns that guide good oral hygiene practices in order to prevent and minimize the number of people affected by this disease(AU)

Afectación del primer molar permanente y efecto de una estrategia educativa en una institución educativa de la ciudad de Medellín: 2016-2019 / Affectation of the first permanent molar and effect of an educational strategy in an educational institution in the city of Medellin: 2016-2019

RESUMEN Introducción: el desconocimiento sobre la importancia del primer molar permanente en la salud bucal continúa siendo un problema en gran parte de la población. El objetivo fue evaluar la efectividad de una estrategia educativa para la conservación del primer molar permanente (PMP), en escolares de una Institución Educativa en Medellín. Métodos: estudio de seguimiento a una intervención educativa entre los años 2016 y 2019 en una muestra de 35 escolares entre 12 y 13 años, a quienes se les realizó tamizaje bucal para observar el COP-D modificado y el índice de placa según Silness & Loe. Se realizaron encuesta a 35 padres de familia sobre saberes y prácticas en salud bucal y el primer molar permanente, y actividades educativas con énfasis en el cuidado del primer molar a los escolares. Los datos fueron analizados a través de estadística descriptiva y bivariada mediante las pruebas de Mac Nemar, Wilcoxon y Chi cuadrado de Pearson. Resultados: después de la estrategia aumentó la proporción de padres y cuidadores que identificaron el primer molar permanente y su importancia (38,7% vs 67,6%), la frecuencia de caries no cavitacional en PMP disminuyó (45,7% vs 26,5%), se observó un aumento en el reporte de uso de la seda dental (40% vs 67,6%) y de la consulta odontológica de los escolares (74,3% vs 97,1%), además de una mejoría significativa en la calidad del cepillado (Me % placa = 85% vs 30%). Conclusión: se demostró la efectividad de la intervención educativa respecto a los conocimientos sobre el PMP y prácticas de la higiene bucal, como factores protectores para su permanencia en boca.

ABSTRACT Introduction: the lack of knowledge about the importance of the first permanent molar in oral health continues to be a problem in a large part of the population. The objectivewas to evaluate the effectiveness of an educational strategy for the preservation of the permanent first molar (PMP) in school children of an educational institution in Medellin. Methods: follow-up study of an educational intervention between 2016 and 2019 in a sample of 35 schoolchildren between 12 and 13 years of age, who were screened for modified CPO-D and plaque index according to Silness & Loe. Thirty-five parents were surveyed about knowledge and practices in oral health and the permanent first molar, and educational activities with emphasis on the care of the first molar were carried out for schoolchildren. The data were analyzed through descriptive and bivariate statistics using Mac Nemar, Wilcoxon and Pearson's Chi-square tests. Results: after the strategy, the proportion of parents and caregivers who identified the first permanent molar and its importance increased (38.7% vs 67.6%), the frequency of non-cavitational caries in PMP decreased (45.7% vs 26.5%), an increase was observed in the reported use of dental floss (40% vs 67.6%) and dental consultation of school children (74.3% vs 97.1%), as well as a significant improvement in the quality of brushing (Me % placa = 85% vs 30%). Conclusion: the effectiveness of the educational intervention was demonstrated with regard to knowledge about PMP and oral hygiene practices, as protective factors for its permanence in the mouth.

Uncovering the Neglected Floral Secretory Structures of Rhamnaceae and Their Functional and Systematic Significance.

Rhamnaceae flowers are notably recognized by their fleshy nectary. Other types of floral secretory structures have been scarcely reported for this family. Thus, the objective of the present study was to update the occurrence of these structures in the family and to contribute to the knowledge of their morphology and systematic significance. To this end, we carried out an extensive bibliographic search on the secretory structures of the family and obtained data for 257 taxa. Additionally, we presented here novel data (surface, anatomy, and ultrastructure) for six species belonging to the main clades within Rhamnaceae. The family has a wide diversity of types of mucilage-secreting structures: epidermis, hypodermis, idioblasts, cavities, and ducts. Mucilage and phenolic idioblasts are widely distributed among the floral organs. Colleters are present in all sampled species, and these are the first reports of their occurrence in floral organs of Rhamnaceae. The information obtained about the structure, secreted content, and occurrence of the secretory structures of Rhamnaceae helped us to understand the assertive folk use of its species. The absence of mucilage and the presence of resin or mucilage cavities and ducts in some taxa may have intrafamily systematic significance.

Frustules of Amphora sp. as a photonic crystal with photoluminescent CdS nanoparticles.

Diatom frustules have species-specific patterns of pores, striae, pores, and nanopores, periodically arranged on its silica surface, as sets of cavities that modify the vacuum electromagnetic density of states. Therefore, frustules may be considered photonic crystals; the interaction with light-emitting sources inside the pores may potentially result in enhancement or inhibition of their spontaneous radiative emission rate and frequencies. In this work, we studied the photoluminescence of cadmium sulfide nanoparticles (CdS-NP) deposited inside frustule cavities that conveyed evidence of cavity-NP interaction. We synthesized CdS-NP, a semiconductor compound achieving quantum dots small enough to impose confinement effects to the electronic states. CdS-NP and their clusters were physiosorbed onto the surface, striae, and predominantly inside the pores of the cleansed frustules of Amphora sp. A broad peak with a maximum intensity at 437 nm (2.84 eV) was recorded after excitation with a 375 nm light source, showing a large blue shift and signal amplification of the CdS-NP photoluminescence when these were embedded inside the pores of the silica frustule. Using the Brus equation, we estimated a NP size of 4.1 ± 0.2 nm for the CdS-NP snuggly packed inside the smaller pores of the frustule, of 10 ± 0.7 nm in average diameter, The emission Purcell enhancement factor for an emitting atom in a cavity was calculated. The obtained Q factor (c. 5) was smaller than typical Q factors for designed semiconductor cavities of similar dimensions, an expected situation if it is assumed that the pores are open-ended cavities.

Influence of glass fiber posts and class III direct restorations on the resistance of anterior teeth / Influência dos pinos de fibra de vidro e restaurações diretas classe III na resistência dos dentes anteriores

This study objectives to evaluate the fracture strength of upper central incisors (UCI) restored with composite resin (CR) in Class III cavities and endodontically treated teeth with or without glass fiber post (GFP), analyzing their failure mode. Sixty human UCI were randomly divided into four experimental groups: endodontically treated teeth without GFP (G1), endodontically treated teeth with GFP (G2), teeth with mesial/distal Class III cavities restored with CR without GFP (G3), and teeth with mesial/distal Class III cavities restored with CR with GFP (G4). The samples were submitted to the fracture strength test in a universal testing machine with a compression shear load applied at speed of 1.0 mm/min until fracture occurred. The data were submitted to one-way ANOVA (α=0.05) and the samples were analyzed for failure mode. The analysis did not show a significant statistical difference in fracture strength between the groups (p>0.05). The results showed that only endodontically treated teeth (G1) (753.4N) presented behavior similar to teeth with GFP (G2) (702.1N). The same occurred when comparing teeth with Class III cavities without GFP (G3) (670.2 N) and with GFP (G4) (746.1N). It can be concluded that glass fiber posts do not change the fracture strength of incisors with endodontic treatment and Class III cavities.

Este estudo objetiva avaliar a resistência à fratura de incisivos centrais superiores (ICS) restaurados com resina composta (RC) em cavidades Classe III e dentes tratados endodonticamente com ou sem pino de fibra de vidro (PFV), analisando seu padrão de fratura. Sessenta ICS humanos foram divididos aleatoriamente em quatro grupos experimentais: dentes tratados endodonticamente sem PFV (G1), dentes tratados endodonticamente com PFV (G2), dentes com cavidades mesiais/distais Classe III restauradas com RC sem PFV (G3), e dentes com cavidades mesiais/distais Classe III restauradas com RC com PFV (G4). As amostras foram submetidas ao teste de resistência à fratura em uma máquina universal de ensaios com uma carga de cisalhamento de compressão aplicada na velocidade de 1,0 mm / min até a ocorrência da fratura. Os dados foram submetidos à ANOVA unidirecional (α=0,05) e as amostras foram analisadas quanto ao modo de falha. A análise não mostrou diferença estatisticamente significativa na resistência à fratura entre os grupos (p>0,05). Os resultados mostraram que os dentes apenas tratados endodonticamente (G1) (753,4N) apresentaram comportamento semelhante aos dentes com PFV (G2) (702,1N). O mesmo ocorreu ao comparar dentes com cavidades Classe III sem PFV (G3) (670.2 N) e com PFV (G4) (746.1N). Pode-se concluir que pinos de fibra de vidro não alteram a resistência à fratura de incisivos com tratamento endodôntico e cavidades Classe III.

Cavidades pulmonares en Lupus Eritematoso Sistémico / Lung cavities in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Las lesiones pulmonares cavitadas en pacientes con Lupus Eritematoso Sistémico (LES) han sido descriptas en asociación con neumonitis por citomegalovirus, o secundarias a infecciones fúngicas. Haciendo una revisión en la literatura, se han descripto 13 casos de pacientes con estas lesiones. Presentamos cuatro pacientes con diagnóstico de LES, que durante la evolución de su enfermedad desarrollan cavidades pulmonares.

Cavitary lung lesions in patients with SLE have been described in association with cytomegalovirus pneumonitis, or secondary to fungal infections. Making a review in the literature, 13 cases of patients with these lesions have been described. We present four patients diagnosed with SLE, whom developed lung cavities during the evolution of the disease.

Antimicrobial Orthodontic Wires Coated with Silver Nanoparticles

Abstract Conventional orthodontic treatment with the use of stainless steel may be detrimental to oral health by promoting demineralizing lesions appearance and increasing adhesion and formation of bacterial biofilm, inducing the development of cavities. An alternative that has been researched to reduce the side effects of orthodontic treatment is the coating of materials with antimicrobial nanoparticles. Nanometric- sized particles increase their surface area and contact with the microbial membrane, consequently intensifying their bacteriostatic and bactericidal effect. In this work, hydrothermal synthesis, a "green" process was used to attach silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) to the surface of two different brands of orthodontic wires. The coated materials were analyzed for their physicochemical properties by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), which showed the distribution of AgNPs along the wires without modifying their properties. In the microbiological test, one of the brands showed a statistically significant difference in microbial adhesion and biofilm formation by Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus mutans. Results lead to the conclusion that antimicrobial orthodontic wires coated with silver nanoparticles through hydrothermal synthesis is a promising material for the improvement of orthodontic treatment.

Lung cavities in chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension

OBJECTIVES: Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) is a unique form of pulmonary hypertension (PH) that arises from obstruction of the pulmonary vessels by recanalized thromboembolic material. CTEPH has a wide range of radiologic presentations. Commonly, it presents as main pulmonary artery enlargement, peripheral vascular obstructions, bronchial artery dilations, and mosaic attenuation patterns. Nevertheless, other uncommon presentations have been described, such as lung cavities. These lesions may be solely related to chronic lung parenchyma ischemia but may also be a consequence of concomitant chronic infectious conditions. The objective of this study was to evaluate the different etiologies that cause lung cavities in CTEPH patients. METHODS: A retrospective data analysis of the medical records of CTEPH patients in a single reference PH center that contained or mentioned lung cavities was conducted between 2013 and 2016. RESULTS: Seven CTEPH patients with lung cavities were identified. The cavities had different sizes, locations, and wall thicknesses. In two patients, the cavities were attributed to pulmonary infarction; in 5 patients, an infectious etiology was identified. CONCLUSION: Despite the possibility of being solely associated with chronic lung parenchyma ischemia, most cases of lung cavities in CTEPH patients were associated with chronic granulomatous diseases, reinforcing the need for active investigation of infectious agents in this setting.

Cavidades pulmonares en Lupus Eritematoso Sistémico / Pulmonary cavities in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Las lesiones pulmonares cavitadas en pacientes con Lupus Eritematoso Sistémico (LES) han sido descriptas en asociación con neumonitis por citomegalovirus, o secundarias a infecciones fúngicas. Haciendo una revisión en la literatura, se han descripto 13 casos de pacientes con estas lesiones. Presentamos cuatro pacientes con diagnóstico de LES, que durante la evolución de su enfermedad desarrollan cavidades pulmonares.

Cavitary lung lesions in patients with SLE have been described in association with cytomegalovirus pneumonitis, or secondary to fungal infections. Making a review in the literature, 13 cases of patients with these lesions have been described. We present four patients diagnosed with SLE, whom developed lung cavities during the evolution of the disease.

The last giant Araucaria trees in southern Brazil

Araucaria angustifolia (Bertol.) Kuntze is a native tree species of major importance in southern Brazil. It is a regional symbol due to its iconic shape and stature in the landscape; its wood was once economically important and its seeds are an important source of food for the fauna and are presently used in regional cuisine. Despite its importance and apparent abundance, the species is facing extinction mainly as a result of unregulated exploitation and deforestation. This study catalogued the remaining individuals in order to add to the body of knowledge available on A. angustifolia, a species that has become rare across its historic range. The circumference at breast height (1.30 m), the total height, and the tree volume were measured (3,529 araucarias). We catalogued trees with a large diameter measuring them in loco over three years involving a journey of more than 6,800 km. The volumes of these old trees are very large, ranging from 38.2 m3 to 106.6 m3. The largest A. angustifolia individual is located in the state of Santa Catarina and measures 3.25 m in diameter. The giant araucarias with > 2.00 m in diameter are rare and only 13 individuals could be found in southern Brazil; a priority action at the governmental level is to recognize and preserve these monumental trees and together with a need for a public policy of drawing up specific inventories of large trees.

The last giant Araucaria trees in southern Brazil

Araucaria angustifolia (Bertol.) Kuntze is a native tree species of major importance in southern Brazil. It is a regional symbol due to its iconic shape and stature in the landscape; its wood was once economically important and its seeds are an important source of food for the fauna and are presently used in regional cuisine. Despite its importance and apparent abundance, the species is facing extinction mainly as a result of unregulated exploitation and deforestation. This study catalogued the remaining individuals in order to add to the body of knowledge available on A. angustifolia, a species that has become rare across its historic range. The circumference at breast height (1.30 m), the total height, and the tree volume were measured (3,529 araucarias). We catalogued trees with a large diameter measuring them in loco over three years involving a journey of more than 6,800 km. The volumes of these old trees are very large, ranging from 38.2 m3 to 106.6 m3. The largest A. angustifolia individual is located in the state of Santa Catarina and measures 3.25 m in diameter. The giant araucarias with > 2.00 m in diameter are rare and only 13 individuals could be found in southern Brazil; a priority action at the governmental level is to recognize and preserve these monumental trees and together with a need for a public policy of drawing up specific inventories of large trees.(AU)