ABSTRACT
Many Pseudomonas phages recognize lipopolysaccharides (LPS) as the receptor for infection. LPS defective mutants are often recovered from phage treatments, possibly causing the failure of phage applications. In this work, we isolated a lytic Pseudomonas phage, phiZ98, that can specifically lyse LPS defective strains of the genus Pseudomonas. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed that phiZ98 particles were enveloped in a layer of membrane-like structure. Genomic analysis revealed that the phage has a genome of tri-segmented double-stranded RNA molecules of 6627 bp, 3769 bp, and 3075 bp, respectively. The results indicated that phage phiZ98 was the nineth member of the genus Cystovirus. The phiZ98 genome encoded 12 putative proteins with predicted functions and 15 hypothetical proteins. Mass spectrum analysis further identified 11 proteins present in the virions. Antibacterial activity assays showed that phage phiZ98 significantly inhibited cell growth, reduced biofilm formation, and removed mature biofilm. Moreover, phage phiZ98 can significantly control the growth of the host bacterial cells in sterilized milk or canned corned beef. In combination with phage K8 which used LPS as the receptor, phiZ98 can significantly reduce the phage-resistant mutants generated from the K8 treatment in milk. Taken together, the dsRNA phage phiZ98 could be an effective scavenger in removing phage-resistant mutants with defective LPS in cocktail applications.
Subject(s)
Bacteriophages , Cystoviridae , Cattle , Animals , Lipopolysaccharides , Bacteriophages/genetics , Pseudomonas/genetics , RNA, Double-Stranded/genetics , MeatABSTRACT
The study objectives were to determine assessors' (nâ¯=â¯256) preference for corned beef, produced with sequential reductions in NaCl concentrations and to determine if preference was affected by assessor age. The use of a salt replacer such as potassium lactate was also assessed. The youngest age cohort disliked samples containing the highest level of NaCl, whereas the oldest age cohort did not detect differences between samples. The most negatively perceived sample was the control, suggesting that NaCl levels added to commercial corned beef are currently too high for consumer acceptance. All age cohorts, with the exception of the 65-74 age cohort, accepted corned beef samples possessing NaCl levels closest to the FSAI target (1.63â¯g/100â¯g). No major sensory differences were noted between samples with and without potassium lactate by the ≥65 age cohort. Potassium lactate may be added to corned beef without affecting sensory attributes, whilst enhancing nutritional content. Assessors of varying age groups have differing preferences for certain NaCl levels and salt replacers.
Subject(s)
Food Preferences , Meat Products/analysis , Sodium Chloride, Dietary , Taste , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Animals , Cattle , Consumer Behavior , Female , Humans , Ireland , Lactic Acid , Male , Middle Aged , Odorants , PotassiumABSTRACT
Albendazole, one of the benzimidazole anthelmintics, is used in ruminants and has maximum residue limits in muscle, fat and other tissue owing to reported teratogenicity. Albendazole is extensively metabolised in domestic animals and humans with rapid conversion to a sulphoxide and subsequently sulphone and amino sulphone metabolites. Sulphoxide metabolites are responsible for the systemic biological activity of benzimidazole drugs. Herein we report a case of disputed results for albendazole in a consignment sampled at import in which the Official Analyst certified against the consignment for excess albendazole. A laboratory acting for the importer reported data below the MRL, including a finding of the parent drug which is not included in the residue definition. The Government Chemist has a statutory duty as a route of technical appeal in the UK Official Food Control system and the case was referred for referee analysis. We report our findings based on a LC-MS/MS method, which confirmed the official findings, did not reveal the presence of the parent drug but identified hot spots of albendazole marker residues in the consignment. We discuss the need for recommendations on official sampling at import and interpretation of results.
Subject(s)
Albendazole/analysis , Anthelmintics/analysis , Dissent and Disputes/legislation & jurisprudence , Drug Residues/analysis , Meat/analysis , Albendazole/metabolism , Animals , Anthelmintics/metabolism , Biotransformation , Cattle , Chromatography, Liquid , Drug Residues/metabolism , Food, Preserved/analysis , Guidelines as Topic , Humans , Quality Control , Sulfones/analysis , Sulfones/metabolism , Sulfoxides/analysis , Sulfoxides/metabolism , Tandem Mass Spectrometry , United KingdomABSTRACT
O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a qualidade do corned beef comercializado no Brasil e exportado para outros países. O teorde proteínas, a umidade e a relação entre estes parâmetros e o teor de nitrito residual foram analisados usando-se técnicasoficiais. Cinqüenta e duas amostras provenientes de um estabelecimento aprovado para comércio local e internacional,situado em Barretos, estado de São Paulo, foram estudadas. O teor de proteínas variou de 23,75 a 29,35% (26,49±1,11) e aumidade de 52,31 a 59,98% (56,70±1,48) atendendo às exigências tecnológicas para produtos cárneos industrializados. Oteor de nitrito residual variou de 0,88 a 8,74 ppm (5,34±1,83). Conclui-se que o produto está de acordo com os padrões físicoquímicosda legislação brasileira.
ABSTRACT
O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a qualidade do corned beef comercializado no Brasil e exportado para outros países. O teorde proteínas, a umidade e a relação entre estes parâmetros e o teor de nitrito residual foram analisados usando-se técnicasoficiais. Cinqüenta e duas amostras provenientes de um estabelecimento aprovado para comércio local e internacional,situado em Barretos, estado de São Paulo, foram estudadas. O teor de proteínas variou de 23,75 a 29,35 por cento (26,49±1,11) e aumidade de 52,31 a 59,98 por cento (56,70±1,48) atendendo às exigências tecnológicas para produtos cárneos industrializados. Oteor de nitrito residual variou de 0,88 a 8,74 ppm (5,34±1,83). Conclui-se que o produto está de acordo com os padrões físico-químicos da legislação brasileira.
The objective of this study was to evaluate the quality of corned beef that is commercialized in Brazil and exported to othercountries. The protein, humidity and the relation between these parameters and residual nitrite levels were analyzed accordingto official techniques. Fifty-two samples from an approved establishment to local and international commerce, located inBarretos, São Paulo State, were analyzed. The protein content range of 23.75 to 29.35 percent (26.49±1.11) and the humidity from52.31 to 59.98 percent (56.70±1.48). Relation between these parameters attended to the technological parameters requirements forindustrialized meat products. The residual nitrite levels varied from 0.88 to 8.74 ppm (5.34±1.83). It can be concluded that theproduct is according to the Brazilian physical-chemical standards legislation.
