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1.
Aten. prim. (Barc., Ed. impr.) ; 56(3): [102809], Mar. 2024. tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-230997

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Identificar fortalezas, obstáculos, cambios en el entorno y capacidades de los equipos y unidades de apoyo en atención primaria, con el objetivo de proporcionar atención de alta calidad en un área de salud integrada. Diseño: Estudio de métodos mixtos basado en la matriz DAFO y el análisis CAME. Emplazamiento: Atención primaria, Comunidad Valenciana. Participantes: En total han participado 271 profesionales de los diferentes colectivos y representantes de asociaciones de pacientes, 99 en la fase de captura de ideas, 154 en la fase de elaboración de la matriz DAFO y 18 en la fase de elaboración del análisis CAME. Intervenciones: Se condujo un análisis DAFO-CAME a partir del cual se establecieron líneas de acción. La captura de información se realizó mediante grupos nominales, la fase de consenso integrando al conjunto de profesionales mediante Delphi y conferencia de consenso. Mediciones principales: Priorización de propuestas para mantener las fortalezas, afrontar las amenazas, explotar las oportunidades, corregir las debilidades en el marco de un plan de acción de un área de salud integrada. Resultados: Se propusieron un total de 82 ideas diferentes (20 fortalezas, 40 debilidades, 4 amenazas, 12 oportunidades y 6 amenazas-oportunidades). Este análisis condujo a un plan estratégico con 7 líneas y 33 acciones/intervenciones priorizadas. Conclusiones: Atención integrada buscando fórmulas colaborativas entre niveles asistenciales, redefinición de roles, soluciones digitales, capacitación del personal y mejoras en equipamientos y procesos de soporte, junto a medidas para afrontar el envejecimiento de la población y las necesidades de centros sociosanitarios constituyen los retos sobre los que actuar.(AU)


Objective: To identify strengths, obstacles, changes in the environment, and capabilities of primary care teams and support units, with the aim of providing high-quality care in an integrated healthcare area. Design: Mixed methods study based on the SWOT matrix and CAME analysis. Location: Primary care, Valencian community. Participants: A total of 271 professionals from different collectives and patient association representatives participated. 99 in the idea generation phase, 154 in the SWOT matrix development phase, and 18 in the CAME analysis development phase. Interventions: A SWOT-CAME analysis was conducted, from which action lines were established. Information capture was carried out through nominal groups, and the consensus phase involved integrating all professionals through Delphi and consensus conference techniques. Main measurements: Prioritization of proposals to maintain strengths, address threats, exploit opportunities, and correct weaknesses within the framework of an integrated healthcare area action plan. Results: A total of 82 different ideas were proposed (20 strengths; 40 weaknesses; 4 threats; 12 opportunities; 6 threats-opportunities), which, once prioritized, were translated into 7 lines and 33 prioritized actions/interventions (CAME analysis). Conclusions: Integrated care, seeking collaborative approaches between care levels, redefining roles, digital solutions, staff training, and improvements in equipment and support processes, along with measures to address the aging population and the needs of socio-sanitary centers, constitute the challenges to be addressed.(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Primary Health Care/organization & administration , Primary Health Care/trends , Quality of Health Care , Patient Care , House Calls , Spain , Health Management , Health Systems
2.
Rev. psicol. clín. niños adolesc ; 11(1): 1-13, Ene. 2024. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-230066

ABSTRACT

La literatura muestra la importancia de identificar experiencias que permitan a los adolescentes desarrollarse en el contexto escolar. Además, indica la escasa evidencia empírica existente con esta población. Por ello, en este estudio se pretende comparar la eficacia de un programa de intervención centrado en el entrenamiento en fortalezas personales, con respecto a otro programa basado en el entrenamiento de habilidades sociales y técnicas para reducir el estrés y un grupo control de lista de espera, para reducir la sintomatología ansiosa y depresiva en adolescentes. Los entrenamientos se aplicaron de forma colectiva y consistieron en 6 sesiones de intervención de dos horas cada una. Los participantes fueron 65 (33 chicos y 32 chicas) estudiantes de ESO (Educación Secundaria Obligatoria) con edades entre 13 y 17 años (M = 14.32 y DT = .89). Los resultados muestran que el programa de entrenamiento centrado en el desarrollo de fortalezas personales es eficaz para aumentar las fortalezas entrenadas además de ser más eficaz para disminuir la sintomatología que otro programa de entrenamiento y que la ausencia del mismo. Implantar de forma transversal en la escuela este tipo de programas podría ayudar a un desarrollo más completo y amplio de la persona adolescente. (AU)


The literature shows us the importance of identifying experiences that allow adolescents to develop in the school context, it also indicates the scant empirical evidence that exists in this population at school, therefore, this study aims to compare the effectiveness of a program of intervention, focused on training in personal strengths, with respect to another intervention program based on the training of social skills and techniques to reduce stress and a waiting list control group, to reduce the anxious and depressive symptoms of the/ as teenagers The trainings were applied collectively and consisted of 6 intervention sessions of two hours each. The participants were 65 (33 boys and 32 girls) ESO (Compulsory Secondary Education) students aged between 13 and 17 years (M = 14.32 and SD = .89). The results show that the training program focused on the development of personal strengths is effective in increasing the trained strengths, as well as being more effective in reducing symptoms than the other training program or the absence of it. Implementing this type of program across schools could help a more complete and comprehensive development of the adolescent. (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Mental Health , Anxiety/prevention & control , Anxiety/psychology , Depression/prevention & control , Depression/psychology
3.
Aten Primaria ; 56(3): 102809, 2024 Mar.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38029655

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To identify strengths, obstacles, changes in the environment, and capabilities of primary care teams and support units, with the aim of providing high-quality care in an integrated healthcare area. DESIGN: Mixed methods study based on the SWOT matrix and CAME analysis. LOCATION: Primary care, Valencian community. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 271 professionals from different collectives and patient association representatives participated. 99 in the idea generation phase, 154 in the SWOT matrix development phase, and 18 in the CAME analysis development phase. INTERVENTIONS: A SWOT-CAME analysis was conducted, from which action lines were established. Information capture was carried out through nominal groups, and the consensus phase involved integrating all professionals through Delphi and consensus conference techniques. MAIN MEASUREMENTS: Prioritization of proposals to maintain strengths, address threats, exploit opportunities, and correct weaknesses within the framework of an integrated healthcare area action plan. RESULTS: A total of 82 different ideas were proposed (20 strengths; 40 weaknesses; 4 threats; 12 opportunities; 6 threats-opportunities), which, once prioritized, were translated into 7 lines and 33 prioritized actions/interventions (CAME analysis). CONCLUSIONS: Integrated care, seeking collaborative approaches between care levels, redefining roles, digital solutions, staff training, and improvements in equipment and support processes, along with measures to address the aging population and the needs of socio-sanitary centers, constitute the challenges to be addressed.


Subject(s)
Aging , Health Facilities , Porphyrins , Humans , Aged , Consensus , Primary Health Care
4.
Rev. psicol. trab. organ. (1999) ; 39(1): 47-54, Abr. 2023. tab, ilus, graf
Article in English | IBECS | ID: ibc-219177

ABSTRACT

Through the lens of self-efficacy and conservation of resources theories, the present study aims to test the mediating role of strengths self-efficacy and the moderating role of job insecurity in the relationship between strengths-based leadership and employee strengths use. Research data from 286 employees working in various organizations in China were gathered at three points in time, spaced by a four-week interval. A moderated mediation path analysis was utilized to test our hypotheses. Results demonstrated that strengths self-efficacy mediates the positive association of strengths-based leadership with employee strengths use, and job insecurity attenuates the direct association of strengths-based leadership with strengths self-efficacy and the indirect relationship of strengths-based leadership with employee strengths use through strengths self-efficacy. The present study advances our understanding of the underlying mechanisms of the relationship between strengths-based leadership and employee strengths use.(AU)


A través de la lente de las teorías de la autoeficacia y de las teorías de la conservación de recursos, el estudio pone a prueba el rol mediador de la autoeficacia de las fortalezas y el papel moderador de la inseguridad en el empleo en la relación entre el liderazgo basado en fortalezas y el uso que hacen de las mismas los empleados. Se recogieron datos de la investigación con 286 empleados de diversas empresas de China en tres momentos separados por un intervalo de cuatro semanas. Se puso a prueba las hipótesis mediante un análisis de vías de mediación moderada. Según los resultados la autoeficacia de las fortalezas media la asociación positiva del liderazgo basado en fortalezas y el uso de las mismas por parte de los empleados y que la inseguridad en el empleo atenúa la asociación directa del liderazgo basado en fortalezas con la autoeficacia de las mismas y la relación indirecta de dicho liderazgo con el uso de las fortalezas por parte de los empleados a través de la autoeficacia de las mismas. El estudio es un paso hacia el conocimiento de los mecanismos subyacentes a la relación entre el liderazgo basado en fortalezas y el uso de las mismas por parte de los empleados.(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Employment , 16054 , Leadership , Self Efficacy , Organizations , China
5.
Medicina (B.Aires) ; 83(supl.2): 64-69, abr. 2023. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1430832

ABSTRACT

Resumen La Alta Capacidad intelectual (ACI) es una manifestación diferencial de la inteligencia humana, de base neurobiológica, pero que debe expresar su alto potencial a lo largo del desarrollo de la per sona que la posee, mediante la covariación de factores moduladores endógenos (como la competencia social) y exógenos. El objetivo del trabajo es doble: 1) conocer, comparativamente la competencia social de menores con y sin ACI, 2) diferenciar aquellas competencias sociales que podrían ser factores protectores o de riesgo frente al mal uso de las tecnologías digitales. Se administra la Social Skills Improvement System-Rating Scales a una muestra de n = 70 aprendices (n = 35 con ACI, n = 35 con inteligencia promedio) de 11 a 16 años, analizando si existen diferencias estadísticamente significativas en habilidades sociales y en dificultades de conducta. Los resultados muestran diferencias estadísticamente significativas, a favor de los participantes con ACI en habilidades sociales (especialmente en: Responsabilidad, Cooperación y Autocontrol) y mejor ajuste personal, con baja inci dencia de dificultades internalizantes y externalizantes. Se concluye y discute el rol protector de las habilidades sociales para afrontar contextos interactivos complejos como el derivado de la era digital y agresiones como el cyberbullying.


Abstract High Intellectual Ability (HIA) is a differential manifestation of human intelligence with a neurobiologi cal basis but which must express its high potential along the developmental trajectory through the covariation of endogenous (such as social competence) and exogenous modulating factors. The aim of the study is twofold: 1) to know, comparatively, the social competence of children with and without HIA, 2) to differentiate those social competences that could be protective or risk factors against the misuse of digital technologies. The Social Skills Improvement System-Rating Scales were administered to a sample of n = 70 learners (n = 35 with ICA, n = 35 with average intelligence) aged 11 to 16, analysing whether there are statistically significant differences in social skills and behavioural difficulties. Results show statistically significant differences in favour of participants with ICA in social skills (especially in: Responsibility, Co-operation and Self-Control) and better personal adjustment, with low incidence of internalising and externalising difficulties. We conclude and discuss the protective role of social skills in coping with complex interactive contexts such as the digital age and aggressions such as cyberbullying.

6.
Index enferm ; 32(4): [e14564], 20230000.
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-231556

ABSTRACT

Objetivo principal: Identificar diferentes estresores y fortalezas del carácter que permitan predecir el estrés percibido de estudiantes de Enfermería. Metodología: Se realizó un modelo de predicción basado en las 24 fortalezas medidas a partir del Inventario de Virtudes y Fortalezas y en los nueve estresores de las prácticas clínicas evaluados a partir del Inventario de Kezkak. La muestra estuvo conformada por 47 estudiantes de enfermería (59,5 % mujeres). La edad promedio fue de 22.76 años (DT=2,47 años). Resultados principales: Los estudiantes experimentaron más estrés debido a la inseguridad y a su autopercepción de falta de competencia profesional. El estresor sobrecarga de tareas y las fortalezas de gratitud, amor y perspectiva predijeron el 30 % de la variabilidad de estrés percibido. Conclusión principal: El hallazgo principal de este trabajo radica en la identificación de las fortalezas del carácter que actúan como moderadores significativos del estrés percibido por los estudiantes de la Carrera de Enfermería Militar.(AU)


Main Objective: Identify different stressors and character strengths that allow predicting the perceived stress of nursing students. Methodology: A prediction model was developed based on the 24 strengths measured from the Virtues and Strengths Inventory and the nine stressors of clinical practices assessed from the Kezkak Inventory. The sample consisted of 47 nursing students (59.5% women). The average age was 22.76 years (SD=2.47 years). Main Results: Students experienced more stress due to insecurity and their self-perception of lack of professional competence. The task overload stressor and the strengths of gratitude, love, and perspective predicted 30% of the variability of perceived stress. Main Conclusion: The primary discovery of this study lies in the identification of character strengths that act as significant moderators of the stress perceived by students of the Military Nursing Career.(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Young Adult , Students, Nursing , Stress, Psychological , Preceptorship , Character , Virtues , Professional Competence , Nursing , Forecasting , Self Concept
7.
Rev. CES psicol ; 15(3): 81-96, sep.-dic. 2022. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1406719

ABSTRACT

Resumen Objetivo: determinar diferencias en el grado en que los terapeutas enfocan sus intervenciones en activar recursos de los consultantes durante la primera sesión en procesos de psicoterapia con y sin resultados terapéuticos tempranos (RT), y caracterizar dichas intervenciones. Método: se utilizó una muestra de 32 procesos de psicoterapia con pacientes ambulatorios, realizados en contextos de prestación rutinaria de servicios y conducidos por terapeutas de distintas orientaciones teóricas. Estos procesos se agruparon según la presencia o ausencia de RT, evaluada a partir de la diferencia de puntajes en el reporte de bienestar de los consultantes entre la primera y la cuarta sesión, a través del Cuestionario de Autoreporte de Resultados (Outcome Questionnaire -OQ-45.2.-). Y el grado en que la actividad de los terapeutas se enfocó en la Activación de Recursos (AR) se evaluó mediante el Wirkfaktoren-K (WIFA-K. Factores de Efectividad de Klaus Grawe) para jueces independientes. Posteriormente, se realizó una prueba t de varianzas desiguales de Welch, a partir de los promedios de puntajes de la AR en ambos grupos. Resultados: se encontraron diferencias significativas entre ambos grupos; específicamente, los terapeutas del grupo Con RT dedicaron tres veces más tiempo de la sesión a trabajar en la AR que los del grupo Sin RT. Adicionalmente, se ofrece evidencia detallada respecto de la variación del foco en la AR a lo largo de la sesión y la proporción en que distintos contenidos relacionados con la AR son abordados en ambos grupos.


Abstract Objective: the objective of this paper is to determine the differences in the degree to which therapists focus their interventions on activating clients' resources during the first session of psychotherapy processes with and without Early Therapeutic Outcomes (ETO), and to characterize these interventions. Method: a sample of 32 outpatient psychotherapy processes was collected, carried out in routine service delivery contexts and conducted by therapists with different theoretical orientations. The therapies were grouped according to the presence or absence of ETO, evaluated from the difference in well-being reported by clients between the first and fourth session, through the Outcome Questionnaire (OQ-45.2; Lambert et al.,1996). To assess the extent to which the therapists' activity focused on RA in both groups, the Wirkfaktoren-K (Klaus Grawe Effectiveness Factors; von Consbruch et al., 2013) instrument was used by independent judges. Subsequently, a Welch's t-test of unequal variances was performed, based on the averages of AR scores, between both groups. Results: significant differences were found between both groups. Specifically, therapists in the "With ETO" group spent 3 times more minutes working on RA than those in the "Without ETO" group. In addition, detailed evidence is provided on the variation of the focus on RA throughout the session and the proportion in which different RA-related content is addressed in both groups.

8.
Radiologia (Engl Ed) ; 64(4): 333-347, 2022.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36030081

ABSTRACT

Technological development of dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) can play an important role in head and neck area. Multiple innovative applications have evolved, optimizing images, achieving metallic artifact reduction, differentiating materials with better primary tumor delineation, thyroid cartilage and bone invasion. Furthermore, quantification algorithms allow measuring iodine concentration, reflecting the blood supply of a lesion indirectly. DECT enables acquiring images with lower radiation doses and iodine intravenous contrast load to obtain the same CT values.. However, DECT uses ionizing radiation, which does not occur with MRI, and requires long post-processing times. Artifacts on iodine maps may be a potential source of pseudolesions. Besides, photon-counting CT scanners are a promising technique that may displace some DECT advantages. A review analyzing the current status of DECT applied to head and neck imaging from the scope of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threatsanalysis would be very interesting to facilitate a realistic, fact-based, data-driven look of this technique.


Subject(s)
Iodine , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , Algorithms , Artifacts , Magnetic Resonance Imaging
9.
Radiología (Madr., Ed. impr.) ; 64(4): 333-347, Jul - Ago 2022. ilus, tab, graf
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-207301

ABSTRACT

El desarrollo tecnológico de la tomografía computarizada de energía dual (TCED) en el área de la cabeza y el cuello ha supuesto un avance importante, ya que se han desarrollado múltiples aplicaciones para optimizar las imágenes y reducir los artefactos metálicos, así como para diferenciar los materiales, permitiendo una mejor delineación del tumor primario, del cartílago tiroideo y la invasión ósea. Además, los algoritmos de cuantificación permiten medir la concentración de yodo, lo que refleja el flujo de sangre que llega a una lesión de forma indirecta. Permite adquirir imágenes con menores dosis de radiación y menor cantidad de contraste yodado para obtener los mismos valores de TC. Sin embargo, utiliza radiaciones ionizantes y el posprocesamiento de las imágenes consume tiempo, y los artefactos en los mapas de yodo pueden suponer una fuente potencial de pseudolesiones. Además, los escáneres de TC con tecnología de recuento de fotones son una técnica prometedora que puede desplazar algunas de las ventajas de la TCED.Esta revisión hace un análisis de la TCED aplicada a las imágenes de cabeza y cuello desde el ámbito del análisis de las fortalezas, oportunidades, debilidades y amenazas para facilitar una visión realista, basada en datos, de esta técnica.(AU)


Technological development of dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) can play an important role in head and neck area. Multiple innovative applications have evolved, optimizing images, achieving metallic artifact reduction, differentiating materials with better primary tumor delineation, thyroid cartilage and bone invasion. Furthermore, quantification algorithms allow measuring iodine concentration, reflecting the blood supply of a lesion indirectly.DECT enables acquiring images with lower radiation doses and iodine intravenous contrast load to obtain the same CT values. However, DECT uses ionizing radiation, which does not occur with MRI, and requires long post-processing times. Artifacts on iodine maps may be a potential source of pseudolesions. Besides, photon-counting CT scanners are a promising technique that may displace some DECT advantages.A review analyzing the current status of DECT applied to head and neck imaging from the scope of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threatsanalysis would be very interesting to facilitate a realistic, fact-based, data-driven look of this technique.(AU)


Subject(s)
Tomography, X-Ray Computed/adverse effects , Neck/diagnostic imaging , Head/diagnostic imaging , Process Optimization , Radiology , Diagnostic Imaging
10.
An. psicol ; 38(1): 177-190, ene. 2022. tab, graf
Article in English | IBECS | ID: ibc-202879

ABSTRACT

Gran parte de los estudios sobre Violencia de Género en la Pareja (VGP) presentan a las mujeres como víctimas pasivas, pero en los últimos años el número de investigaciones centradas en fortalezas está aumentando. El objetivo del presente estudio es revisar la literatura empírica sobre resiliencia en mujeres supervivientes de VGP para: (a) analizar el consenso en la definición y evaluación de resiliencia; (b) estudiar los correlatos del constructo; y (c) reflexionar sobre la aplicabilidad de este conocimiento en las políticas y la práctica profesional. Siguiendo las guías PRISMA, se realizó una revisión sistemática en las bases de datos Scopus, WoS y PsycINFO, encontrando 42 artículos publicados en inglés o español sin restricción temporal. Los resultados muestran que los estudios adoptan definiciones de resiliencia tanto orientadas al proceso como al rasgo y a los resultados, y que el método de evaluación difiere entre investigaciones. Entre los correlatos de resiliencia se encontraron factores individuales, relacionales y contextuales. Se necesita un consenso teórico y profundizar en los mecanismos por los cuales los factores de vulnerabilidad o protección afectan a grupos con riesgos específicos. Por último, los gobiernos e instituciones deberían emprender acciones de prevención y de apoyo a las mujeres e hijos/as.(AU)


Most researchonIntimate PartnerViolenceagainstwomen(IPV)hastended topresentwomenaspassivevictims,butinrecentyears,therehasbeenan increaseinstudiesadoptinga strengths-based approach. The aim of the present study is to review the empirical literatureabout re-silience in women survivors of IPV to (a) analyze the consensus on the definition andassessment of resilience; (b) study the correlates of resilience; and (c) reflect on theapplicability of such knowledge in policies and pro-fessional practice. Following PRISMAguidelines, a systematic search was carried out in the Scopus, WoS and PsycINFO databases.The search yield-ed 42 articles published in English or Spanish over an unlimited timeframe.Results showed that process-oriented, trait-oriented, and outcomes-oriented definitions ofresilience were all adopted in the research and that assessment methods also differed acrossstudies.Individual,relational,and contextualfactorswerefoundasresiliencecorrelates.There is a need for a theoretical consensus and for research on the mecha-nisms throughwhich vulnerability or protective factors exert their influ-ence on groups with specific riskconditions.Finally,governmentsand in-stitutionsshouldtakeactionstosupportwomenandchildrenandtopre-ventfutureIPV.(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Health Sciences , Women , Gender-Based Violence , Survival , Methodology as a Subject , Resilience, Psychological
11.
Psico (Porto Alegre) ; 53(1): 36703, 2022.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1370897

ABSTRACT

Em um mundo com um número crescente de idosos, envelhecer bem se torna cada vez mais importante, e as forças do caráter podem contribuir para que isso seja alcançado. A fim de analisar forças na velhice, associando-as com sintomas depressivos e bem-estar psicológico, 188 idosos responderam às versões reduzidas e em português dos instrumentos Values-in-Action Inventory of Strengths, Escala de Depressão Geriátrica e Philadelphia Geriatric Center Morale Scale. As forças Amor, Esperança, Curiosidade, Perdão e Vitalidade se associaram tanto a níveis mais elevados de bem-estar psicológico quanto a mais baixos de sintomas depressivos. Foram obtidas correlações significativas entre seis forças e sintomas depressivos ­ negativas fracas ­ e entre 11 delas e bem-estar psicológico ­ positivas fracas. Os resultados deste estudo ampliam, ainda que limitadamente, o conhecimento sobre forças de idosos, especialmente como elas se relacionam com dois construtos que influenciam a velhice. Ademais, fornecem uma base para o desenvolvimento de intervenções futuras.


In a world with an increasing number of elderly people, aging well is becoming increasingly important, and character strengths can contribute to this. In order to analyze strengths among the elderly, associating them with depressive symptoms and psychological well-being, 188 elderly people answered the reduced and Portuguese versions of Values-in-Action Inventory of Strengths, Geriatric Depression Scale and Philadelphia Geriatric Center Morale Scale. Love, Hope, Curiosity, Forgiveness, and Vitality strengths were associated with both higher levels of psychological well-being and lower depressive symptoms. Significant correlations were found between six strengths and depressive symptoms ­ weak negatives ­ and between 11 of them and psychological well-being ­ weak positives. The results of this study expand, albeit to a limited extent, knowledge about elderly people's strengths, especially as they relate to two constructs that influence old age. In addition, they provide a basis for the development of future interventions.


En un mundo con un número creciente de ancianos, envejecer bien se está volviendo cada vez más importante, y las fortalezas de carácter pueden contribuir para esto. Para analizar las fortalezas en ancianos, asociándolas con los síntomas depresivos y el bienestar psicológico, 188 ancianos respondieron las versiones cortas, en português, de los instrumentos Values-in-Action Inven-tory of Strengths, Escala de Depresión Geriátrica y Philadelphia Geriatric Center Morale Scale. Las fortalezas Amor, Esperanza, Curiosidad, Perdón y Vitalidad se asociaron con niveles más altos de bienestar psicológico y síntomas depresivos más bajos. Se encontraron correlaciones significativas entre seis fortalezas y síntomas depresivos ­ negativas bajas ­ y 11 entre ellos y el bienestar psicológico ­ positivas bajas. Los resultados de este estudio amplían, aunque de forma limitada, el conocimiento sobre las fortalezas en ancianos, especialmente en como ellas se relacionan con dos constructos que influyen en la vejez. Además, proporcionan una base para el desarrollo de futuras intervenciones.


Subject(s)
Humans , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Aging/psychology , Aging , Depression
12.
Acta colomb. psicol ; 24(2): 120-129, July-Dec. 2021. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1345042

ABSTRACT

Resumen El enfoque de las fortalezas familiares sugiere que las familias son capaces de surgir y salir exitosas de los desafíos de la vida cotidiana. Teniendo esto en cuenta, el objetivo de este estudio fue validar la Escala de Fortalezas Familiares, adaptada de un estudio en España, en una población chilena. Para esto, la muestra estuvo formada por 324 adultos chilenos que debían completar el instrumento de 12 ítems. El modelo de dos factores de la escala fue validado mediante un análisis factorial confirmatorio (X2/gl = 2.86; RMSR = 0.041; RMRSEA = 0.076; OFI = 0.950; TLI = 0.937), y se encontró que los dos factores se relacionan con aspectos de la autoeficacia familiar y la percepción de adaptación en las familias; en ambos casos se estimaron valores de confiabilidad de escala adecuados (alfa de Cronbach de .91 y .72, respectivamente). Estos resultados permiten avalar la utilización de la escala en la población chilena, lo que podrá contribuir en el avance del conocimiento respecto al funcionamiento familiar, así como guiar intervenciones de prevención y promoción con familias dirigidas a potenciar fortalezas y recursos protectores garantes de una parentalidad respetuosa y afectiva, y al mejoramiento de la calidad de vida familiar.


Abstract The family strength approach suggests that families can overcome daily life challenges. The aim of this research was to validate the Family Strengths Scale, adapted from a study in Spain, to a Chilean population. For this purpose, the sample consisted of 324 Chilean adults who completed a 12-item questionnaire. The two-factor model of the scale was validated by confirmatory factor analysis (x2/g.l.= 2.86; RMSR = 0.041; RMRSEA = 0.076; CFI = 0.950; TLI = 0.937), and it was found that the two factors are related to aspects of family self-efficacy and the perception of family adaptation. In both cases, adequate scale reliability values were estimated (Cronbanch's alpha of 0.91 and 0.72, respectively). These results support the use of the scale in the Chilean population, which may contribute to the advancement of knowledge regarding family functioning, as well as to guide prevention and promotion interventions with families, aimed at enhancing strengths and protective resources that guarantee a respectful and affectionate parenting, and at improving the quality of family life.

13.
Rev. esp. drogodepend ; 46(2): 12-21, 2021. graf
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-232742

ABSTRACT

Durante la situación crítica generada por el nuevo coronavirus SARS-Cov-2, en el servicio científico-tecnológico de Consultoría Especializada en Adicciones de la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de La Habana fue necesario instrumentar un cambio de modalidad terapeútica de forma inucitada. Para la realización de acciones preventivas y asistenciales, dirigidas a integrantes de la comunidad universitaria con uso indebido de drogas u otros comportamientos adictógenos, se introdujeron los recursos propios de la telepsicología. Ello ha propiciado que la mayoría de los pacientes que han sido atendidos hayan evolucionado positivamente; lograran desarrollar habilidades para el afrontamiento psicológico adecuado a las situaciones adversas; y evitaran retrocesos y recaidas desmoralizantes. Una evidencia inicial, generada en la práctica asistencial, mostró que el 78.3% de los participantes desarrollaron fortalezas personales que les han ayudado a empoderarse para mantener la abstinencia o el consumo controlado durante la cuarentena preventiva. No obstante se pusieron de manifiesto dificultades para afrontar hechos y situaciones específicas que desbordan sus recursos personales; exacerbación de mitos relacionados con las drogas y las actividades adictivas en general; y ausencia de control emocional asociado a tendencias irracionales. Los resultados obtenidos han sido esenciales para potenciar la rehabilitacion de dichas personas desde una perspectiva correctiva y preventiva. (AU)


During the critical situation generated by the new SARS-Cov-2 coronavirus, in the scientifictechnological service of Specialized Consultancy in Addictions of the University of Medical Sciences of Havana it was necessary to implement a change in the therapeutic modality in an unexpected way. To carry out preventive and assistance actions, aimed at members of the university community with drug abuse or other addictive behaviors, the resources of telepsychology were introduced. This has led to the majority of the patients who have been cared for having evolved positively; They will be able to develop skills for adequate psychological coping with adverse situations; and avoid demoralizing setbacks and relapses. Initial evidence, generated in healthcare practice, showed that 78.3% of the participants developed personal strengths that have helped them empower themselves to maintain abstinence or controlled consumption during preventive quarantine. However, difficulties were revealed to face specific events and situations that exceed their personal resources; exacerbation of myths related to drugs and addictive activities in general; and lack of emotional control associated with irrational tendencies. The results obtained have been essential to promote the rehabilitation of these people from a corrective and preventive perspective. (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Substance-Related Disorders/psychology , Adaptation, Psychological , /psychology , Cuba/epidemiology
14.
Article in Spanish, English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1177985

ABSTRACT

Objetivo. El estudio de cohortes es un diseño de tipo observacional. Este diseño solo incluye participantes que tienen el mismo riesgo de estar expuestos, para luego comparar quienes de los expuestos y no expuestos presentarán el desenlace de interés durante el mismo periodo de tiempo. La temporalidad entre la exposición y el resultado de interés en un estudio de cohorte está bien definida porque se tiene certeza de que la exposición antecede al resultado de interés. Los estudios de cohorte pueden ser prospectivos, retrospectivos o una combinación de ambos. Una de las principales ventajas es su naturaleza longitudinal, lo que permiten estimar la incidencia y el riesgo relativo como asociación de interés. Algunas variables pueden variar en el tiempo por lo que es importante, utilizar técnicas de modelamiento de datos avanzados como los modelos de efectos fijos y aleatorios


Objetive. The cohort study is an observational design. This only includes participants who have the same risk of being exposed, then compares who is exposed and unexposed presents the outcome of interest during the same period. The temporality between the exposure and the outcome of interest in a cohort study is well defined because it is certain that the exposure antecedent to the outcome of interest. Cohort studies can be prospective, retrospective, or a combination of both. One of the main advantages is its longitudinal nature, making it possible to estimate the incidence and relative risk as an association of interest. Some variables may vary over time, so it is essential to use advanced data modeling techniques such as fixed and random effects models.

15.
Interdisciplinaria ; 37(1): 39-40, jun. 2020. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1124930

ABSTRACT

Resumen La investigación que se informa tuvo como objetivos: 1) estudiar las 24 fortalezas de carácter en pacientes adultos que se encuentran en diferentes etapas de un tratamiento cognitivo conductual psicoterapéutico naturalista; y 2) analizar la relación de las fortalezas con algunas del progreso durante el tratamiento, la alianza terapéutica y la adherencia al tratamiento desde la perspectiva del terapeuta. Se contó con una muestra intencional de 85 pacientes adultos de ambos sexos en tratamiento psicoterapéutico ambulatorio y sus respectivos terapeutas. Se utilizaron: una hoja de datos demográficos y del tratamiento, el Inventario de Fortalezas y Virtudes y una encuesta de opinión para el terapeuta. Los resultados mostraron que los pacientes en la etapa final presentan una mayor fortaleza de Autorregulación. Los pacientes con depresión presentaban menores fortalezas de apertura mental y capacidad de perdonar, en comparación con pacientes con trastornos de ansiedad y con trastornos comórbidos ansioso-depresivos. Aquellos pacientes que habían tenido un tratamiento psiquiátrico previo presentaban menores niveles de la fortaleza persistencia. Un mayor tiempo de tratamiento se asoció con mayores niveles de las fortalezas Liderazgo y curiosidad, en tanto que un mayor malestar psicológico se vinculó con una disminución de una alta cantidad de fortalezas. La fortaleza espiritualidad se halló significativamente asociada al progreso en el tratamiento según su terapeuta. Una mayor apertura mental se halló vinculada a mayor adherencia a horarios, sugerencias y mejor vínculo terapéutico según la opinión del terapeuta. El estudio del funcionamiento positivo en pacientes permitirá enriquecer la psicología clínica para convertirse en una disciplina más integradora.


Abstract The study of positive traits or strengths has been the cornerstone of positive psychology. Positive psychology assumes that positive variables are different in nature from psychopathological variables and they do not necessarily improve with a usual psychotherapeutic treatment. They would require another type of intervention to progress: a positive intervention. Studies on character strengths in the clinical population are very scarce and, in general, focused on depression. Previous studies found that higher levels of hope, vitality, spirituality and leadership strengths were related to lower levels of anxiety and depression. In addition, lower levels of gratitude have been linked to symptoms of depression. The study of strengths and progress during treatment is very limited, whereas the relationship between strengths of character and treatment process has not yet been investigated. This research aims to: 1) study the 24 character strengths in adult patients who are at different stages of a naturalistic cognitive behavioral treatment; and 2) to analyze the relationship of character strengths with progress during treatment, therapeutic alliance and adherence to treatment from the therapist's perspective. Therapist's report has proven to be a very valuable source of information about the therapeutic process and outcome. An intentional sample of 85 adult outpatients (25 men and 60 women) was used and their respective therapists (11 men and 7 women). Patients had mainly anxiety, depressive or comorbid anxiety-depressive disorders; 22 were in the initial stage, 46 in the intermediate stage and 17 in the final stage of treatment.They completed a demographic and treatment datasheet, the Inventory of Strengths and Virtues and the therapist filled in an opinion survey. The study was cross-sectional. The treatment was cognitive-behavioral. The therapists did not receive any training or instruction during study, the treatment was "as usual". Stages of treatment, initial, intermediate or final, were assigned by the therapist. The results showed that patients in the final stage have greater self-regulation strength. In this strength, there are no differences between patients at initial and intermediate stages of treatment but it increases significantly in the group that was finishing treatment. It should also be noted that in the 23 remaining strengths there are no differences among patients at the different stages of treatment. Patients with depression had lower strengths of open-mindedness and forgiveness compared to patients with anxiety disorders and comorbid anxiety-depressive disorders. Those patients who had had a previous psychiatric treatment had lower levels of Persistence strength. However, no differences were found between patients who had a previous psychological treatment and those who had not. A longer duration of treatment was associated with higher levels of leadership and curiosity strengths, while greater psychological distress was associated with a decrease in a high number of strengths. The strength spirituality was found to be significantly associated with progress in treatment according to the therapist. A greater open-mindedness was associated with better adherence to schedules, suggestions and therapeutic alliance according to the therapist´s opinion.The association between character strengths and the therapist's opinion has been mild to moderate, which is expected for being a hetero-report. This has been the first study to compare the character strengths between patients at different stages of a naturalistic psychotherapeutic treatment and to include patients with anxiety disorders. This research provided a first approach to the relationship between character strengths and the therapist's perception of progress in therapy and some treatment process related variables. The study of positive functioning in patients will enrich clinical psychology to become a more integrative discipline. In this way, the goal of therapy will not only be to alleviate the negative symptoms, but also to help individuals build a full life.

16.
Nutr Hosp ; 36(Spec No1): 139-141, 2019 Jul 02.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31232575

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCCIÓN: Desde el Grupo de Expertos es posible plantear las siguientes conclusiones siguiendo el modelo DAFO de análisis (debilidades, amenazas, fortalezas y oportunidades).


Subject(s)
Cooking , Food Preferences , Humans , Spain , Terminology as Topic
17.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-987053

ABSTRACT

El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar las propiedades psicométricas de la versión revisada de la escala de fortalezas internas y externas para adolescentes (FIE-AR). Se seleccionó una muestra no probabilística de 1486 estudiantes de escuelas públicas de Ciudad de México, 47.3% fueron hombres y 52.7% mujeres, con un promedio de edad de 14.6 años (DE=1.7). Se utilizó la segunda versión de la FIE-AR, la cual es una escala que evalúa siete fortalezas externas (supervisión de la madre, apoyo de la madre, apoyo y supervisión del padre, reglas en la casa, amigos sin conductas de riesgo, amigos sanos y no acceso a drogas) y ocho fortalezas internas (responsabilidad, importancia de la salud, evitación de conductas de riesgo, resistencia a la presión de pares, importancia de la religión, toma de decisiones, expresión del enojo y expectativas escolares). Los análisis factoriales confirmatorios identificaron un buen ajuste de los modelos (uno para fortalezas externas y otro para internas).


The objective of this study was to analyze the psychometric properties of the revised version of the scale of internal and external assets for adolescents (FIE-AR). A nonprobabilistic sample of 1486 public school students from Mexico City was selected, 47.3% were men and 52.7% were women, with an average age of 14.6 years (SD = 1.7). The second version of the FIE-AR was used, which is a scale that evaluates seven external assets (mother's supervision, support from the mother, father's support and supervision, rules at home, friends without risky behaviors, healthy friends and no access to drugs) and eight internal strengths (responsibility, health's importance, avoidance of risky behaviors, resistance to peer pressure, religion's importance, decision making, anger expression and school expectations). The confirmatory factor analyzes identified a good adjustment of the models (one for external assets and another for internal ones).


Subject(s)
Humans , Adolescent , Psychological Tests , Psychometrics , Factor Analysis, Statistical , Psychology, Adolescent , Mexico
18.
Rev. latinoam. cienc. soc. niñez juv ; 16(2): 797-807, jul.-dic. 2018. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-978572

ABSTRACT

Resumen (analítico): Nuestro objetivo en la presente investigación fue analizar si las personas adolescentes de México y Colombia que nunca han intentado suicidarse, presentan más fortalezas internas y externas que quienes sí lo han intentado. Método: se trató de un diseño pre-experimental, de un estudio de caso con una medición. Participaron en el estudio 1987 estudiantes de bachillerato -hombres y mujeres de 15 a 18 años de edad-, seleccionados de manera no probabilística: 991 estudiantes de Colombia y 996 de México. Utilizamos la escala (FIE-A) para medir fortalezas, y cinco indicadores de intento de suicidio. Los resultados principales muestran que los individuos adolescentes que nunca han intentado suicidarse presentan puntajes significativamente más altos en las siguientes fortalezas: apoyo y supervisión de la madre y el padre, importancia de la salud y toma de decisiones. Concluimos que siguen siendo fortalezas protectoras las buenas relaciones parentales, específicamente la importancia que tiene para el individuo joven contar con el apoyo y comunicación del padre y de la madre.


Abstract (analytical): The objective of this research was to analyze whether Mexican and Colombian adolescents who have never attempted suicide present more internal and external strengths than those who have tried. Method: This study used a pre-experimental design and a methodology using case studies. 1,987 students from 15 to 18 years of age were selected in a non-probabilistic manner for participation in the study; 991 Colombian students and 996 Mexican students. A scale (FIE-A) was used to measure strengths and five indicators for attempted suicide. The main results showed that adolescents who have never attempted suicide had significantly higher scores in the following strengths: support and supervision of mother and father, importance of looking after their health and decision-making. The authors conclude that the key differences for young people that have never attempted suicide include good relationships with parents continue to be protective strengths, specifically the importance for a young person to have the support and communication of both parents.


Resumo (analítico): O objetivo da presente investigação foi analisar se os adolescentes mexicanos e colombianos que nunca tentaram se suicidar apresentam mais forças internas e externas que aqueles que sim o tentaram. Método: tratou-se de um desenho preexperimental, de um estudo de caso com uma medida. Participaram no estudo 1987 estudantes de bachillerato homens e mulheres de 15 a 18 anos de idade, selecionados de maneira não probabilística; 991 estudantes colombianos e 996 mexicanos. Utilizou-se a escala (FIE-A) para medir forças e cinco indicadores de tentativa de suicídio. Os resultados principais mostraram que os adolescentes que nunca tentaram se suicidar apresentaram pontuações significativamente mais altas nas seguintes forças: apoio e supervisão dos pais, importância da saúde e tomada de decisões. Conclui-se que os bons relacionamentos parentais continuam a ser pontos fortes de proteção, especificamente a importância para o jovem de ter o apoio e a comunicação de ambos os país.


Subject(s)
Suicide, Attempted , Adolescent
19.
Summa psicol. UST ; 14(1): 23-32, 2017. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1179378

ABSTRACT

El presente estudio tiene como objetivo establecer la validez cultural de la clasificación VIA (24 fortalezas en 6 virtudes) mediante la utilización de un enfoque mixto (ético/émico). Se intentó determinar si la clasificación VIA resultaba relevante culturalmente para poder capturar las respuestas de personas legas en ocasión de describir las características positivas de personajes protípicos admirados en un formato de respuesta libre (free listing). Participaron del estudio una muestra de 378 personas adultas de población general no consultante argentina, varones y mujeres. Los resultados señalan que las fortalezas más frecuentes fueron la integridad, la persistencia, la bondad y el amor, lo que da lugar a dos perfiles diferenciados de personajes prototípicos de características positivas. No se encontraron diferencias según sexo y edad. Los resultados sugieren que la clasificación VIA debe ser ajustada en función de las variables culturales.


The purpose of the present study is to establish the cultural validity of the Values in Action (VIA) classification through the use of 24 character strengths contained in 6 virtues, by implementing a combined emic-etic approach. A group of 378 male and female Argentinian adults participated from this research. The aim was to determine if the VIA classification was culturally relevant to portray the answers of the participants involved. Results indicate that the most frequent strengths listed by the participants were integrity, persistency, kindness and love. No differences regarding age and gender were found. The results also suggest that the VIA classification needs to be adjusted according to cultural variables.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Virtues , Psychology, Positive , Personality Inventory , Surveys and Questionnaires
20.
Med Clin (Barc) ; 147(9): 393-396, 2016 Nov 04.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27677449

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To examine the percentage of psychoemotional problems in Spanish children and adolescents and the difference between 2006 and 2012. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Data from 9,761 participants were taken from the Spanish National Health Survey of 2006 and 2012. The Goodman Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire was used to assess mental health. The percentage of participants with abnormal scores in the different scales was calculated. Chi-square test and multivariate logistic regression models adjusted for age, sex, social level and adult mental health status were used. RESULTS: In 2012, the percentage of Spanish youths with emotional, conduct, hyperactivity, peer and prosocial problems and abnormal total problem score was 8.5, 6.7, 10.2, 7.7, 0.7 and 4%, respectively. In 2006, these percentages were 11.5, 10.2, 14.7, 10.1, 0.9 and 6.7%. A significant reduction was found for the percentage of children and adolescents with problematic behavior between 2006 and 2012. CONCLUSIONS: Based on the total problem score, about 4% of Spanish youths suffer from psychoemotional problems. This percentage has decreased between 2006 and 2012.


Subject(s)
Mental Disorders/epidemiology , Adolescent , Child , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Health Surveys , Humans , Logistic Models , Male , Spain/epidemiology
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