Your browser doesn't support javascript.
loading
Show: 20 | 50 | 100
Results 1 - 20 de 45
Filter
1.
Rev. cuba. pediatr ; 952023. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-1515294

ABSTRACT

Introducción: La insuficiencia adrenal hipotálamo hipofisaria usualmente se manifiesta secundaria a tumores y, cuando resulta congénita se asocia, con frecuencia, con otras deficiencias hormonales. La crisis adrenal suele presentarse en su debut y puede resultar potencialmente mortal. Objetivo: Examinar el caso de una paciente con insuficiencia adrenal central que debutó con una crisis adrenal congénita. Presentación del caso: Recién nacida a término, padres no consanguíneos, hospitalizada a los 9 días de vida por clínica de una semana con múltiples episodios eméticos y apnea. Ingresó con deshidratación severa, hipotensa y estuporosa. Además, se encontró acidosis metabólica severa, hipoglucemia persistente, hiponatremia e insuficiencia prerrenal. Ante la no mejoría de su estado hemodinámico, a pesar del uso de cristaloides y vasopresores, finalmente mejoró con la administración de dosis altas de hidrocortisona. El diagnóstico de deficiencia de cortisol de origen central se realizó con un test dinámico de insulina y la resonancia magnética nuclear hipofisaria. Conclusiones: La crisis adrenal se debe tener presente como diagnóstico diferencial en episodios agudos con inestabilidad hemodinámica persistente e hipoglucemia de difícil manejo. Adicionalmente, hay que considerar que existen otras causas menos comunes de insuficiencia adrenal en neonatos como la hipoplasia hipofisaria(AU)


Introduction: Hypothalamic-pituitary adrenal insufficiency usually manifests secondary to tumors and, when congenital, is often associated with other hormonal deficiencies. Adrenal crisis usually occurs at its onset and can be life threatening. Objective: To review the case of a patient with central adrenal insufficiency who had an onset with a congenital adrenal crisis. Case presentation: Term newborn, non-consanguineous parents, hospitalized at 9 days of life for a week-long clinical presentation with multiple emetic episodes and apnea. She was admitted with severe dehydration, hypotensive and stuporous. In addition, severe metabolic acidosis, persistent hypoglycemia, hyponatremia and prerenal failure were found. Given the lack of improvement of her hemodynamic status, despite the use of crystalloids and vasopressors, she finally improved with the administration of high doses of hydrocortisone. The diagnosis of cortisol deficiency of central origin was made with a dynamic insulin test and pituitary nuclear magnetic resonance imaging. Conclusions: Adrenal crisis should be kept in mind as a differential diagnosis in acute episodes with persistent hemodynamic instability and difficult-to-manage hypoglycemia. Additionally, other less common causes of adrenal insufficiency in neonates, such as pituitary hypoplasia, should be considered(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Infant, Newborn , Ceftriaxone/therapeutic use , Hydrocortisone/therapeutic use , Adrenal Insufficiency/etiology , Milrinone/therapeutic use , Dobutamine/therapeutic use , Vasoconstrictor Agents/therapeutic use , Intensive Care Units, Pediatric
3.
Galicia clin ; 83(1): 1-2, Jan-Feb-Mar. 2022. tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-204007

ABSTRACT

Iron overload in the context of a Blackfan-Diamond anemia is a extremely uncommon cause of central adrenal insufficiency. We report apatient with Blackfan-Diamond anemia diagnosis during his childhood.Ten years later, as a consequence of iron overload caused by repeatedtransfusions, he developed central hypocortisolism. Blackfan-Diamondanemia is a hereditary syndrome characterized by erythroid aplasia,predisposition to hematologic and solid organ malignancies and congenital abnormalities.Endocrine complications of Blackfan-Diamond anemia are reported inthe literature and highly variable. Hypocortisolism is considered as anuncommon complication (0.7-4 %). Therefore, in a patient with repeated transfusions, we must considerer in a possible ACTH deficiency inthe context of hemochromatosis due to iron overload. (AU)


Las causas de insuficiencia adrenal de origen central son múltiples,siendo la sobrecarga férrica en el seno de una anemia de Blackfan-Diamond extremadamente infrecuente. Se presenta el caso de un pacientede 15 años diagnosticado de anemia de Blackfan-Diamond en la infancia que desarrolla hipocortisolismo de origen central como consecuencia de la sobrecarga férrica por transfusiones de repetición comotratamiento de soporte de la anemia. La anemia de Blackfan-Diamondes un síndrome hereditario caracterizado por una aplasia eritroide queconlleva un recuento reducido de glóbulos rojos, anomalías congénitasy predisposición a neoplasias hematológicas y de órganos sólidos. Laprevalencia de las complicaciones endocrinas reportadas en la literatura secundarias a esta patología es muy variable siendo el hipocortisolismo muy poco frecuente (0,7-4 %).Por ello, ante un paciente contransfusiones de repetición, debemos tener en cuenta el posible déficitde ACTH en en el contexto de una hemocromatosis por sobrecarga férrica. (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Adolescent , Anemia, Diamond-Blackfan , Anemia, Diamond-Blackfan/prevention & control , Iron Overload/therapy , Epinephrine/deficiency
4.
Rev. cuba. pediatr ; 93(4)dic. 2021.
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1409088

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN Introducción: Las glándulas suprarrenales se dividen en corteza y médula. La corteza secreta tres clases de hormonas diferentes: los glucocorticoides, mineralocorticoides y andrógenos; la médula produce las catecolaminas. Todas ellas intervienen en múltiples funciones corporales. Objetivo: Mostrar diferentes formas de presentación de algunas de las enfermedades de la corteza adrenal. Presentación de los casos: Paciente 1: escolar de 7 años, antecedentes de hipotiroidismo controlado, presenta decaimiento y escaso crecimiento pondoestatural. Cortisol en ayunas 86 nmol/L y ACTH 154 pg/ml. Se diagnostica insuficiencia adrenal primaria. Reingresa a los 9 años, por mantener escaso crecimiento. Edad ósea: 2 años y 8 meses. Test de clonidina: alterado, confirma déficit de hormona del crecimiento. Paciente 2: escolar de 8 años, antecedentes de hiperplasia adrenal congénita por déficit de 21 hidroxilasa, forma virilizante simple. Presenta aceleración del desarrollo genital. Se incumplió tratamiento con hidrocortisona, durante 5 años. Se comprobó elevada la 17 hidroxiprogesterona 189 ng/dl. Se diagnosticó pubertad precoz periférica y virilización de los genitales. Paciente 3: lactante de 5 meses con obesidad de 3 meses de evolución. Tomografía axial computarizada de abdomen contrastado confirma lesión tumoración de 5 cm en proyección de la suprarrenal derecha. Cortisol en ayunas 892 nmol/L, cortisol 11 pm 920 nmol/L. Se realizó cirugía y se diagnosticó síndrome de Cushing por carcinoma adrenal productor de cortisol. Conclusiones: En la práctica clínica diaria podemos encontrar pacientes con síntomas y signos tan comunes como el decaimiento, vómitos o el aumento brusco de peso y ellos ser secundario a enfermedades de la glándula suprarrenal.


ABSTRACT Introduction: The adrenal glands are divided into cortex and marrow. The cortex secretes three different classes of hormones: glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids and androgens; the marrow produces catecholamines. All of them are involved in multiple corporal functions. Objective: Show different forms of presentation of some of the diseases of the adrenal cortex. Presentation of cases: Patient 1: 7-year-old school boy, history of controlled hypothyroidism, and presenting decay and poor pondostatural growth. Cortisol level in fasting 86 nmol/L and ACTH 154 pg/ml. Primary adrenal insufficiency is diagnosed. Re-admitted at age 9 for maintaining little growth. Bone age: 2 years and 8 months. Clonidine test: altered, it confirms growth hormone deficiency. Patient 2: 8-year-old schoolboy, history of congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21 hydroxylase deficiency, simple virilizing form. He presents acceleration of genital development. Hydrocortisone treatment was missed for 5 years. 17 hydroxyprogesterone was found to be elevated to 189 ng/dl. Peripheral precocious puberty and virilization of the genitals were diagnosed. Patient 3: 5-month-old infant with obesity of 3 months of evolution. Contrasted computed axial tomography of the abdomen confirms tumor lesion of 5 cm in projection of the right adrenal. Cortisol level in fasting 892 nmol/L, cortisol 11 pm 920 nmol/L. Surgery was performed and Cushing's syndrome was diagnosed due to cortisol-producing adrenal carcinoma. Conclusions: In daily clinical practice we can find patients with symptoms and signs as common as decay, vomiting or sudden weight gain and they are secondary to diseases of the adrenal gland.

5.
Revista Digital de Postgrado ; 10(3): 322, dic. 2021. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS, LIVECS | ID: biblio-1425537

ABSTRACT

Los corticoesteroides tópicos son drogas muy comunes, frecuentemente utilizadas en patologías dermatológicas. Su mal uso puede causar efectos sistémicos, como el síndrome de Cushing y la supresión del eje hipotalámico ­ hipofisiario ­ adrenal. Presentamos un caso de un lactante menor de siete meses quien desarrolla un síndrome de Cushing secundario al uso de Clobetasol por una dermatitis en el área del pañal, por tiempo prolongado, sin prescripción médica. Al examen físico se evidencia obesidad a predominio central, con fascie de luna llena, hipertricosis en región frontal, telangiectasias aisladas en mejillas y cuello de búfalo. Los paraclínicos demuestran una hipercolesterolemia, hipertrigliceridemia, elevación de las transaminasas y cortisol sérico en la mañana disminuido. Se concluye que se debe informar a los padres de los efectos adversos sistémicos de los esteroides tópicos y se sugiere evitar en pacientes pediátrico(AU)


Topical corticosteroids are very common drugs used in the treatment of inflammatory skin diseases. Prolonged ormisuse of them may cause systemic adverse effects, including Cushing syndrome and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axissuppression. We present a case of a seven months old maleinfant who developed iatrogenic Cushing syndrome after diaperdermatitis treatment through misuse of Clobetasol, withoutdoctor's prescription. We observe redness and a moon face, abuffalo hump, central obesity and hirsutism. Laboratory values revealed hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, elevationin liver enzymes and low early morning cortisol. To conclude,parents must be informed by physicians about the adverse effect of steroids and the should be avoided in very young infant(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Infant , Clobetasol , Adrenal Cortex Hormones , Cushing Syndrome , Dermatitis , Glucocorticoids , Signs and Symptoms , Skin Diseases , Therapeutics , Pharmaceutical Preparations
6.
Medicina (B.Aires) ; 81(5): 846-849, oct. 2021. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1351059

ABSTRACT

Resumen La crisis adrenal es la forma más extrema de presentación de la insuficiencia adrenal y representa una urgencia endocrinológica que llega a poner en riesgo la vida. Esta situación puede ser des encadenada por diferentes causas, entre las cuales se incluye el uso de fármacos inductores del CYP3A4, que aceleran la depuración de la hidrocortisona. Describimos el caso de una mujer de 85 años, con antecedentes de insuficiencia adrenal secundaria y enfermedad renal crónica, que presentó síntomas compatibles con crisis adrenal (astenia, adinamia, hiponatremia grave con síntomas neurológicos e hipotensión arterial) luego de nueve días del inicio de tratamiento con modafinilo. El cuadro clínico mejoró rápidamente con la suspensión del modafinilo y la administración de hidrocortisona endovenosa. Luego de descartar las posibles causas desencadenantes (infecciosas, isquémicas, tromboembolismo pulmonar y omisión en la toma de hidrocortisona), se interpretó que el modafinilo precipitó los síntomas de insuficiencia adrenal al aumentar la depuración del corticoide. El modafinilo tiene la capacidad de inducir la actividad del CYP3A4 y, en consecuencia, disminuir la biodisponibilidad de la hidrocortisona. Recalcamos la necesidad de ajustar la dosis de reemplazo de corticoides en sujetos que reciben fármacos inductores del metabolismo.


Abstract Adrenal crisis is the most extreme presentation form of adrenal insufficiency and represents a life-threatening endocrinological emergency. This situation can be triggered by different causes including the use of CYP3A4-inducing drugs, which accelerate hydrocortisone clearance. We describe the case of an 85-year-old woman with secondary adrenal insufficiency and chronic renal disease, who presented symptoms compatible with adrenal crisis (asthenia, adynamia, severe hyponatremia associated with neurological symptoms and hypotension) nine days after the start of modafinil treat ment. The clinical picture improved rapidly with the suspension of modafinil and the administration of intravenous hydrocortisone. After ruling out the possible triggering causes (infectious, ischemic, pulmonary thromboembo lism and failure to take hydrocortisone), it was interpreted that modafinil precipitated the symptoms of adrenal insufficiency by increasing the steroid clearance. Modafinil has the ability to induce the activity of CYP3A4 and consequently decrease the bioavailability of hydrocortisone. We emphasize the need to adjust steroid dose re placement in subjects receiving metabolism-inducing drugs.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Aged, 80 and over , Adrenal Insufficiency/chemically induced , Hydrocortisone/adverse effects , Acute Disease , Modafinil/adverse effects , Glucocorticoids/adverse effects
7.
Medicina (B.Aires) ; 81(1): 69-75, mar. 2021. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1287243

ABSTRACT

Abstract After a stressful event, adaptative mechanisms are carried out to support vital functions. Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis plays a key role in stress response regulating metabolism, cardiovascular function and immune system. This review addresses pathophysiological changes of the adrenal axis during critical illness, recognizing limitations of methods applied for its evaluation in this special context and defining indications for corticosteroid replacement in critically ill patients. The concept of relative adrenal insufficiency should be abandoned; cosyntropin stimulation test should not be performed for diagnosis of adrenal insufficiency in critical illness nor for establishing the need of treatment.


Resumen Diversos mecanismos adaptativos se ponen en marcha para sostener las funciones orgánicas vitales en el paciente crítico. El eje hipotálamo-hipófiso-adrenal tiene un papel clave en la respuesta al estrés al regular el metabolismo, la función cardiovascular y la respuesta inmune. Esta revisión tiene por objetivos analizar los cambios fisiopatológicos que se producen en el eje adrenal durante la enfermedad crítica, reconocer las limitaciones de los métodos diagnósticos y definir indicaciones de tratamiento de reemplazo corticoideo en este contexto. El concepto de insuficiencia adrenal relativa debe ser descartado y no se recomienda el test de estímulo con cosintropina para diagnóstico de insuficiencia adrenal durante enfermedad crítica ni para definir la necesidad de tratamiento.


Subject(s)
Humans , Critical Illness , Adrenal Insufficiency/diagnosis , Pituitary-Adrenal System , Hydrocortisone , Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System
8.
Gac Med Mex ; 157(5): 502-507, 2021.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35104264

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Altered cortisol levels have been associated with an increase in mortality and a decrease in health-related quality of life in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD); however, adrenal response to adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) stimulation test has not been evaluated in patients with stage 3a to 5 CKD with and without renal replacement therapy (RRT). OBJECTIVE: To evaluate adrenal function in patients with CKD. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Adults with CKD underwent a low-dose cosyntropin stimulation test (1 µg synthetic ACTH), with serum cortisol levels being measured at 0, +30 and +60 minutes post-test. RESULTS: Sixty participants with stage 3, 4 and 5 CKD (with and without RRT) were included. None of the patients had adrenal insufficiency (AI). The correlation observed between cortisol concentration at baseline and 30 minutes and 1 hour after stimulation and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was negative and statistically significant (r: -0.39 [p = 0.002], r: -0.363 [p = 0.004], r: -0.4 [p = 0.002], respectively). CONCLUSION: Since CKD early stages, cortisol levels increase as GFR decreases. Therefore, we conclude that systematic screening for AI is not necessary in CKD patients.


ANTECEDENTES: Niveles alterados de cortisol se han asociado a un incremento en la mortalidad y disminución en la calidad de vida en pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica (ERC), sin embargo, la respuesta adrenal a la prueba de estimulación con adrenocorticotropina (ACTH) no ha sido evaluada en pacientes con ERC etapas 3a a 5 con y sin terapia de reemplazo renal (TRR). OBJETIVO: Evaluar la función adrenal de pacientes con ERC. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Adultos con ERC se sometieron a una prueba de estimulación con cosintropina a dosis baja (1 mg de ACTH sintética) y se midieron los niveles séricos de cortisol a los 0, +30 y +60 minutos postestimulación. RESULTADOS: 60 participantes con ERC en etapas 3, 4 y 5 (con y sin TRR) fueron incluidos. Ninguno de los pacientes presentó insuficiencia adrenal (IA). La correlación observada entre la concentración basal, a los 30 minutos y 1 hora de cortisol postestimulación y la tasa de filtrado glomerular (TFG) fue negativa y estadísticamente significativa (r: ­0.39 [p = 0.002], r: ­0.363 [p = 0.004], r: ­0.4 [p = 0.002], respectivamente). CONCLUSIÓN: Desde etapas tempranas de la ERC los niveles de cortisol se incrementan a medida que la TFG disminuye. Concluimos que no es necesario un tamizaje sistemático para detectar IA en pacientes con ERC.


Subject(s)
Quality of Life , Renal Insufficiency, Chronic , Adrenocorticotropic Hormone , Cosyntropin , Glomerular Filtration Rate , Humans
9.
Rev. chil. endocrinol. diabetes ; 14(2): 81-89, 2021. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1283557

ABSTRACT

La Hiperplasia Suprarrenal Congénita (HSRC) corresponde a un grupo de defectos genéticos en la síntesis de cortisol. El 95% de ellas son debidas al déficit de 21-hidroxilasa por lo que nos referiremos solo a esta deficiencia. La hiperplasia suprarrenal congénita clásica (HSRC-C) debuta en recién nacidos o lactantes con insuficiencia suprarrenal primaria, diferentes grados de hiperandrogenismo clínico en mujeres y puede coexistir con hipotensión, hiperkalemia e hiponatremia si hay un déficit clínico de aldosterona. El objetivo de este artículo es actualizar el conocimiento y enfoques sugeridos para el manejo de la HSRC-C desde el inicio de sus controles en la etapa adulta. El diagnóstico diferencial en retrospectiva de la HSRC-C y la no clásica (HSRC-NC) a veces resulta difícil ya que esta enfermedad es un espectro fenotípico continuo. La insuficiencia suprarrenal y la dependencia a terapia corticoidal son los eventos principales para diferenciar estas dos patologías que tienen enfoques terapéuticos diferentes. El tratamiento de la HSRC-C en adultos abarca 2 objetivos primarios: la adecuada sustitución de la falla suprarrenal y el control de hiperandrogenismo mediante el uso de corticoides en sus dosis mínimas efectivas. En la mujer existen terapias complementarias para el control del hiperandrogenismo como anticonceptivos y otras que se encuentran en diferentes fases de investigación. Esto permite disminuir las dosis de corticoides en algunos casos. Es importante a la vez abordar tres objetivos secundarios: controlar el riesgo cardiometabólico propio de la enfermedad, evitar el sobre tratamiento corticoidal y manejar la infertilidad. La correcta monitorización del tratamiento en adultos tomando en cuenta los objetivos descritos permite una mejor calidad de vida en estos pacientes. Finalmente el consejo genético debe realizarse en todos los pacientes con HSRC que deseen fertilidad y en sus parejas. El estudio requiere de secuenciación del gen CYP21A2 y debe realizarse en un laboratorio de experiencia.


Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (CAH) are a group of genetic defects characterized by impaired cortisol synthesis. 95% of them are due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency. We will discuss only this enzyme's deficiency. Classic congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH-C) debuts in newborns or infants with primary adrenal insufficiency, some degree of clinical hyperandrogenism in newborn females, and can coexist with hypotension, hyperkalemia, and hyponatremia if there is a clinical aldosterone deficiency. The objective of this article is to update the knowledge and suggested approaches for the management of CAH-C from the beginning of its controls in the adult stage. The retrospective differential diagnosis of CAH-C and non-classical (CAH-NC) is sometimes difficult because this disease is a continuous phenotypic spectrum. Adrenal insufficiency and dependence on corticosteroid therapy are the main events to differentiate these two pathologies that have different therapeutic approaches. In adults, the treatment of CAH-C must include 2 primary objectives: adequate the replacement of adrenal failure and control of hyperandrogenism, through the use of corticosteroids in their minimum effective doses. In women there are complementary therapies for the control of hyperandrogenism, such as contraceptives and others that are in different phases of research. This makes it possible to reduce the doses of corticosteroids in some cases. It is important at the same time to address three secondary objectives: control the cardiometabolic risk of the disease secondary to corticosteroid treatment, avoid corticosteroid overtreatment and manage infertility. The correct monitoring of treatment in adults and taking in to account the objectives described, allows a better quality of life in these patients. Finally, genetic counseling must be carried out in all patients planning for children, with any type of CAH and in their partners. The study requires sequencing of the CYP21A2 gene and must be performed in a certified laboratory.


Subject(s)
Humans , Adrenal Hyperplasia, Congenital/therapy , Steroid 21-Hydroxylase , Adrenal Cortex Hormones/therapeutic use , Adrenal Insufficiency/etiology , Adrenal Insufficiency/therapy , Hyperandrogenism/etiology , Hyperandrogenism/therapy , Adrenal Hyperplasia, Congenital/complications , Adrenal Hyperplasia, Congenital/diagnosis , Metabolic Syndrome/prevention & control , Flutamide/therapeutic use , Genetic Counseling , Infertility/etiology , Infertility/therapy
10.
Medicina (B.Aires) ; 80(supl.6): 83-93, dic. 2020. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1250323

ABSTRACT

Abstract The treatment of hypothyroidism is aimed at restoring the euthyroid state. In most cases, the signs and symptoms of thyroid deficiency generally resolve, which is particularly gratifying for the treating physician and mainly, for patients. However, there may be coexisting special situations that can potentially hinder or interfere with a successful treatment, as in the case of the elderly, patients suffering from heart disease, hematological diseases or dyslipidemia, hypothyroid patients who will undergo an emergency surgery, those with chronic kidney failure, or adrenal insufficiency, among others. Besides management of hypothyroidism in time of COVID-19 is also included. Some patients may experience intolerance to treatment and others persistent symptoms of hypothyroidism even under adequate replacement therapy, requiring a special approach. Being aware of these special situations will provide benefits to the patient and will also prevent treatment failure or complications.


Resumen El tratamiento del hipotiroidismo tiene como objetivo restaurar el estado eutiroideo. En la mayoría de los casos los signos y síntomas del déficit tiroideo en general se resuelven, lo cual es muy gratificante para el médico tratante y en especial para los pacientes. Sin embargo, pueden coexistir situaciones especiales que potencialmente dificulten o interfieran con un tratamiento exitoso como en el caso de los pacientes ancianos, aquellos con cardiopatías, enfermedades hematológicas o dislipemia, pacientes hipotiroideos que requieran cirugía de urgencia, aquellos con insuficiencia renal crónica, o insuficiencia adrenal, entre otras. Además, se incluye el manejo del hipotiroidismo en la era del COVID-19. Algunos pacientes pueden manifestar intolerancia al tratamiento y otros, persistencia de síntomas de hipotiroidismo aun bajo un adecuado reemplazo hormonal, lo cual requerirá un abordaje especial. Estar advertido de estas situaciones especiales redundará en el beneficio del paciente y evitará fracasos o complicaciones terapéuticas.


Subject(s)
Humans , Aged , Adrenal Insufficiency/drug therapy , COVID-19 , Hypothyroidism/drug therapy , SARS-CoV-2
11.
Rev. Paul. Pediatr. (Ed. Port., Online) ; 37(4): 465-471, Oct.-Dec. 2019. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1041360

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective: To describe patients with different phenotypes of X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy: pre-symptomatic, cerebral demyelinating inflammatory adrenoleukodystrophy, adrenomyeloneuropathy and adrenal insufficiency only. Methods: Specific data related to epidemiology, phenotype, diagnosis and treatment of 24 patients with X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy were collected. A qualitative cross-sectional and descriptive-exploratory analysis was performed using medical records from a reference center in Neuropediatrics in Curitiba, Brazil, as well as an electronic questionnaire. Results: The majority (79%) of patients had cerebral demyelinating inflammatory adrenoleukodystrophy, presenting aphasia, hyperactivity and vision disorders as the main initial symptoms. These symptoms appeared, on average, between six and seven years of age. There was a mean delay of 11 months between the onset of symptoms/signs and the diagnosis. Patients sought diagnosis mainly with neuropediatricians, and the main requested tests were dosage of very long chain fatty acids and brain magnetic resonance. Conclusions: All phenotypes of X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy, except for myelopathy in women, were presented in the studied population, which mainly consisted of children and adolescents. Prevalent signs and symptoms registered in the literature were observed. Most of the patients with cerebral demyelinating inflammatory adrenoleukodystrophy were not diagnosed in time for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.


RESUMO Objetivo: Descrever pacientes com diferentes formas de adrenoleucodistrofia ligada ao X: pré-sintomática, adrenoleucodistrofia inflamatória desmielinizante cerebral, adrenomieloneuropatia e insuficiência adrenal primária. Métodos: Dados específicos relacionados a epidemiologia, fenótipo, diagnóstico e tratamento de 24 pacientes com adrenoleucodistrofia ligada ao X foram coletados. Realizou-se análise qualitativa, transversal e descritivo-exploratória, utilizando prontuários de um centro de referência em neuropediatria de Curitiba, Brasil, além de um questionário eletrônico. Resultados: A maioria (79%) dos pacientes manifestou adrenoleucodistrofia inflamatória desmielinizante cerebral, apresentando afasia, hiperatividade e distúrbios da visão como principais sintomas iniciais, que apareceram, em média, entre seis e sete anos de idade. Houve um atraso médio de 11 meses entre o início das manifestações e o diagnóstico. Os pacientes procuraram diagnóstico principalmente com neuropediatras, e os principais exames solicitados foram dosagem de ácidos graxos de cadeia muito longa e a ressonância magnética de crânio. Conclusões: Todos os fenótipos da adrenoleucodistrofia ligada ao X, exceto mielopatia em mulheres, foram apresentados na amostra estudada, composta principalmente de crianças e adolescentes. Foram observados sinais e sintomas prevalentes na literatura. A maioria dos pacientes com adrenoleucodistrofia inflamatória desmielinizante cerebral não recebeu diagnóstico em tempo hábil para a realização de transplante de medula óssea.


Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Adolescent , Young Adult , Adrenoleukodystrophy/complications , Adrenoleukodystrophy/diagnosis , Adrenoleukodystrophy/therapy , Adrenoleukodystrophy/epidemiology , Phenotype , Brazil/epidemiology , Cross-Sectional Studies
12.
Rev. habanera cienc. méd ; 17(1): 29-38, ene.-feb. 2018. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-901796

ABSTRACT

Introducción: La adrenomieloneuropatía es una enfermedad peroxisomal, con patrón de herencia ligada al sexo. Es una variedad fenotípica de la adrenoleucodistrofia ligada al cromosoma X, esta última es también causa de insuficiencia adrenal. La adrenomieloneuropatía no pura cursa con insuficiencia adrenal. El diagnóstico de la enfermedad se hace por dosificación de ácidos grasos de cadena muy larga en suero. Para el diagnóstico de los fenotipos se emplean datos clínicos, anamnesis, datos de laboratorio y de imagen. Objetivo:Presentar un caso de adrenoleucodistrofia ligada al cromosoma X, fenotipo adrenomieloneuropatía, evaluado por reibergrama. Presentación del caso: Se presenta un caso de adrenomieloneuropatía e insuficiencia adrenal en un paciente masculino de 4 años de evolución, el cual ha sido hospitalizado en el Hospital Clínico-Quirúrgico Dr. Miguel Enríquez de La Habana, Cuba, en 2016 por un proceso respiratorio. Se diagnostica adrenoleucodistrofia ligada al cromosoma X, para identificar las variantes fenotípicas se tuvieron en cuenta los exámenes de laboratorio, técnicas imagenológicas, método clínico y una adecuada anamnesis. Conclusiones: El reibergrama puede contribuir al diagnóstico diferencial entre los fenotipos de la ADL-X y a la comprensión de la respuesta neuroinmunológica en esta enfermedad tal y como se demuestra en este caso(AU)


Introduction: Adrenomyeoloneuropathy is a peroxisomal disease with a sex-linked pattern of inheritance. It is a phenotypic variety of X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy; this last one is also a cause of adrenal insufficiency. Non-pure adrenomyeoloneuropathy occurs with adrenal insufficiency. The diagnosis of the disease is made by dosing very long chain fatty acids in serum. Clinical data, anamnesis, laboratory exams and imaging data are used for the diagnosis of phenotypes. Objective: To present a case of X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy, adrenomyeoloneuropathy phenotype, evaluated by Reibergram. Case presentation: We present a case of adrenomyeoloneuropathy and adrenal insufficiency in a male patient of 4 years of evolution who was admitted to Dr. Miguel Enríquez Clinical and Surgical Hospital, Havana, Cuba, 2016 because he was suffering from a respiratory process. The diagnosis of X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy was made. Laboratory exams, imaging techniques, the clinical method, and an adequate anamnesis were taken into account to for the identification of phenotypic variants. Conclusions: Reibergram can contribute to the differential diagnosis between ADL-X phenotypes and the understanding of the neuroimmunological response in this disease, as it is demonstrated in this case(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Middle Aged , X Chromosome/genetics , Adrenoleukodystrophy/diagnosis , Adrenoleukodystrophy/epidemiology , Adrenal Insufficiency/complications
13.
Rev. Assoc. Med. Bras. (1992, Impr.) ; 62(8): 728-734, Nov. 2016. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-829528

ABSTRACT

Summary Introduction: Acute adrenal insufficiency or addisonian crisis is a rare comorbidity in emergency; however, if not properly diagnosed and treated, it may progress unfavorably. Objective: To alert all health professionals about the diagnosis and correct treatment of this complication. Method: We performed an extensive search of the medical literature using specific search tools, retrieving 20 articles on the topic. Results: Addisonian crisis is a difficult diagnosis due to the unspecificity of its signs and symptoms. Nevertheless, it can be suspected in patients who enter the emergency room with complaints of abdominal pain, hypotension unresponsive to volume or vasopressor agents, clouding, and torpor. This situation may be associated with symptoms suggestive of chronic adrenal insufficiency such as hyperpigmentation, salt craving, and association with autoimmune diseases such as vitiligo and Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Hemodynamically stable patients may undergo more accurate diagnostic methods to confirm or rule out addisonian crisis. Delay to perform diagnostic tests should be avoided, in any circumstances, and unstable patients should be immediately medicated with intravenous glucocorticoid, even before confirmatory tests. Conclusion: Acute adrenal insufficiency is a severe disease that is difficult to diagnose. It should be part of the differential diagnosis in cases of hypotensive patient who is unresponsive to vasoactive agents. Therefore, whenever this complication is considered, health professionals should aim specifically at this pathology.


Resumo Introdução: a insuficiência adrenal aguda ou crise addisoniana é uma comorbidade rara na emergência; porém, se não diagnosticada e tratada de forma correta, pode evoluir de maneira desfavorável. Objetivo: alertar a todos os profissionais da saúde sobre o diagnóstico e tratamento corretos dessa complicação. Método: foi realizada uma ampla pesquisa na literatura médica, por meio de ferramentas específicas, sendo selecionados 20 artigos sobre o tema. Resultados: a crise addisoniana é de difícil diagnóstico pela inespecificidade de seus sinais e sintomas. No entanto, pode ser suspeitada em pacientes que chegam à emergência com queixa de dor abdominal, hipotensão não responsiva a volume ou a agentes vasopressores, obnubilação e torpor. Esse quadro pode vir associado a sintomas sugestivos de insuficiência adrenal crônica, como hiperpigmentação e avidez por sal, bem como a doenças autoimunes, como vitiligo e tireoidite de Hashimoto. Pacientes estáveis hemodinamicamente podem passar por métodos diagnósticos mais apurados para se confirmar ou descartar a crise addisoniana. Os exames diagnósticos não podem retardar, em hipótese alguma, o tratamento de pacientes instáveis, que deve ser iniciado imediatamente com glicocorticoide endovenoso, inclusive antes das provas confirmatórias. Conclusão: a insuficiência adrenal aguda é uma patologia grave e de difícil diagnóstico, que deve fazer parte do diagnóstico diferencial do médico ao atender um paciente hipotenso sem reposta à infusão de drogas vasoativas. Logo, na suspeita dessa complicação, o profissional não deve tardar a agir especificamente nessa patologia.


Subject(s)
Humans , Adrenal Insufficiency/diagnosis , Adrenal Insufficiency/therapy , Emergency Medical Services/standards , Addison Disease/diagnosis , Addison Disease/therapy , Clinical Protocols , Acute Disease , Adrenal Insufficiency/physiopathology , Diagnosis, Differential , Hypotension/diagnosis , Hypotension/therapy
14.
Rev. Fac. Med. UNAM ; 59(4): 16-19, jul.-ago. 2016. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-957098

ABSTRACT

Resumen Antecedentes: El síndrome de Allgrove fue descrito en 1978; es un trastorno autosómico recesivo caracterizado por las tres A: acalasia, alacrimia e insuficiencia adrenal. El gen alterado es el AAAS, que codifica la proteína ALADIN. Caso clínico: Mujer de 17 años de edad, a los 18 meses, cursó con alacrimia que ocasionó úlceras corneales, zonas hiperpigmentadas en pliegues y niveles de hormona adrenocorticotropa (ACTH, adrenocorticotrophic hormone) en 2.1 µg/d, cortisol basal de 3.6 µg/dl. A los 5 años de edad la tomografía axial computarizada (TAC) mostró suprarrenales apenas visibles, y la electromiografía reportó neuropatía motora tipo axonal. A los 7 años inició con crisis convulsiva, disfagia a sólidos y el esofagograma baritado reportó dilatación esofágica inferior, la manometría esofágica confirmó aumento de la presión del esfínter esofágico inferior, relajación incompleta y aperistalsis del cuerpo esofágico. Se realizó cardiomiotomía de Heller y funduplicatura parcial anterior por laparoscopia, y se mostró mejoría clínica. Discusión: El síndrome de Allgrove es una enfermedad que va apareciendo durante la infancia temprana, cursa con alacrimia, acalasia e insuficiencia adrenal. Esto coincide con lo presentado en esta paciente. El tratamiento es con esteroides así como con el manejo quirúrgico de la acalasia con buenos resultados.


Abstract Background: Allgrove syndrome was described in 1978, it is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by the triple A: Achalasia, Alacrima and Adrenal insufficiency. The AAAS is the altered gene encoding the protein ALADIN. Case report: A 17 years old female, who presented alacrima corneal ulcers at 18 month, hyperpigmentation areas, and ACTH levels in 2.1 g / d, basal cortisol of 3.6 mg/dl. At 5 years old she showed adrenal hypogenesia, electromyography reported axonal motor type neuropathy. At 7 years old, she began with seizure, dysphagia to solids, barium esophagogram reported lower esophageal dilation, esophageal manometry confirmed increased pressure of the lower esophageal sphincter, aperistalsis, and esophageal body incomplete relaxation. Heller cardiomyotomy and partial anterior fundoplication laparoscopically was performed, showing clinical improvement. Discussion: Allgrove Syndrome is a disease that will appear in early childhood, present with alacrima, achalasia and adrenal insufficiency. This coincides with what is presented in this patient; steroids are the medical treatment and achalasia must be resolved by surgery, with good results.

15.
Acta méd. colomb ; 40(3): 249-253, jul.-dic. 2015. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: lil-780577

ABSTRACT

La apoplejía tumoral pituitaria es un síndrome infrecuente que resulta del infarto y/o hemorragia espontánea de un adenoma pituitario preexistente. Ya que el evento primario involucra el adenoma, este síndrome debe ser nombrado como apoplejía tumoral pituitaria y no como apoplejía pituitaria. El aumento súbito en la presión de los contenidos de la silla turca da como resultado una cefalea de inicio agudo (puede ser incluso una "cefalea en trueno") de intensidad severa, alteraciones visuales y compromiso en la función pituitaria. El diagnóstico se basa en una alta sospecha clínica, imagen por resonancia magnética y medición de hormonas hipofisiarias en sangre. El tratamiento se basa en medidas de soporte (líquidos intravenosos y corticoides) y en casos sin buena respuesta o con deterioro neurológico, descompresión de silla turca. A continuación presentamos el caso de un adenoma previamente no diagnosticado que debutó como apolejía tumoral pituitaria. (Acta Med Colomb 2015; 40: 249-253).


Pituitary tumor apoplexy is an infrequent condition resulting from infarction and/or spontaneous bleeding from a pre-existing pituitary adenoma. This entity requires the prior existence of an adenoma in order to be named as pituitary tumor apoplexy, otherwise, it should be named pituitary apoplexy. The sudden increase in pressure of the sella turcica's contents results in a clinical syndrome characterized by headache (which can be "thunderclap headache"), visual disturbances and hypopituitarism. Diagnosis is not always straight forward and requires high clinical suspicion in addition to magnetic resonance imaging and measurement of serum pituitary hormones. Treatment is mainly based on supportive measures (intravenous fluids and steroids) and surgical decompression in those cases with no response to medical treatment and progressive neurological impairment. We report the case of a patient with a previously unknown pituitary adenoma presenting as a tumor apoplexy. (Acta Med Colomb 2015; 40: 249-253).


Subject(s)
Humans , Middle Aged , Pituitary Apoplexy , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Adenoma , Ophthalmoplegia , Leuprolide , Adrenal Insufficiency , Diplopia , Headache , Hemorrhage , Hypopituitarism
16.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-879706

ABSTRACT

Insuficiência adrenal aguda é uma emergência endocrinológica que contribui para o aumento da morbidade e da mortalidade dos pacientes com insuficiência adrenal. O diagnóstico desta situação é dificultado pelo pouco conhecimento que os médicos, em geral, têm desta emergência metabólica e da inespecificidade de suas manifestações clínicas. O objetivo do capítulo é tentar facilitar o diagnóstico e o tratamento de uma crise adrenal na sala de emergência.


Acute adrenal insufficiency is an endocrine emergency and it contributes to increased morbidity and mortality in patients with adrenal insufficiency. The diagnosis of the situation is complicated by the little knowledge that the physicians have about this metabolic emergency and the little specificity of its clinical manifestation. The goal of the chapter is try to facilitate the diagnosis and treatment of adrenal crisis in the emergency room.


Subject(s)
Adrenal Insufficiency , Hypotension
17.
Rev. cuba. endocrinol ; 25(3): 231-236, sep.-dic. 2014.
Article in Spanish | LILACS, CUMED | ID: lil-736997

ABSTRACT

Las enfermedades adrenales tienen una incidencia y prevalencia no despreciable. Se presentan como situaciones agudas y crónicas. La cronicidad y su desarrollo están relacionados con los comportamientos y estilos de vida, e imponen afrontar exigencias terapéuticas que descansan en las decisiones que la persona asume ante su cuidado. Esta condición crónica puede transitar sin síntomas, y demanda una persona activa y responsable ante su cuidado diario, capaz y formada en los requerimientos de su enfermedad, adiestrada para los ajustes terapéuticos necesarios, y capacitada para actuar ante la presencia de un evento agudo. Los proveedores de salud deben establecer un contrato terapéutico con el enfermo. Este hecho requiere un saber hacer, en el cual el enfoque biosocial, las destrezas en la comunicación y las técnicas de enseñanza/aprendizaje resultan tan necesarias como la actualización clínica. La insuficiencia adrenal aguda puede presentarse de novo, o ser consecuencia del mal manejo de una condición crónica ya conocida. Se citan diversas causas, dentro de las que la omisión inadvertida del fármaco o el desarrollo concomitante de un padecimiento precipitante infeccioso o no, resultan las más frecuentes. Los pacientes con insuficiencia adrenal crónica necesitan estar educados para que sean capaces de desarrollar conocimientos, habilidades y conductas que permitan tomar decisiones acertadas ante posibles descompensaciones(AU)


Adrenal diseases have significant incidence and prevalence; they occur as acute chronic situations. Chronicity and development are both related to behaviours and lifestyles and impose therapeutic demands that lie in the decisions of the person in charge of the patient care. This chronic condition may appear without any symptom and requires an active responsible person for daily care of patients, capable and trained in disease requirements and in necessary therapeutic adjustments, and prepared to act when an acute event occurs. The health care providers should set a therapeutic contract with the patient. This fact requires "know-how" that includes biosocial approach, communicative dexterities and teaching/learning techniques, which are as necessary as the clinical update. The acute adrenal insufficiency may present de novo or results from wrong management of already known chronic condition. There are several causes such as the involuntary omission of medical drug or the concomitant development of a precipitating infective or non-infective illness, which are the most common. The patients suffering chronic adrenal insufficiency need education so that they may be able to acquire new pieces of knowledge, skills and behaviors that allow taking right decisions in the face of possible decompensation(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Adrenal Insufficiency/therapy , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Patient Education as Topic/methods , Adrenal Insufficiency/epidemiology
18.
Rev. cuba. endocrinol ; 25(3)sept.-dic. 2014.
Article in Spanish | CUMED | ID: cum-61777

ABSTRACT

Las enfermedades adrenales tienen una incidencia y prevalencia no despreciable. Se presentan como situaciones agudas y crónicas. La cronicidad y su desarrollo están relacionados con los comportamientos y estilos de vida, e imponen afrontar exigencias terapéuticas que descansan en las decisiones que la persona asume ante su cuidado. Esta condición crónica puede transitar sin síntomas, y demanda una persona activa y responsable ante su cuidado diario, capaz y formada en los requerimientos de su enfermedad, adiestrada para los ajustes terapéuticos necesarios, y capacitada para actuar ante la presencia de un evento agudo. Los proveedores de salud deben establecer un contrato terapéutico con el enfermo. Este hecho requiere un saber hacer, en el cual el enfoque biosocial, las destrezas en la comunicación y las técnicas de enseñanza/aprendizaje resultan tan necesarias como la actualización clínica. La insuficiencia adrenal aguda puede presentarse de novo, o ser consecuencia del mal manejo de una condición crónica ya conocida. Se citan diversas causas, dentro de las que la omisión inadvertida del fármaco o el desarrollo concomitante de un padecimiento precipitante infeccioso o no, resultan las más frecuentes. Los pacientes con insuficiencia adrenal crónica necesitan estar educados para que sean capaces de desarrollar conocimientos, habilidades y conductas que permitan tomar decisiones acertadas ante posibles descompensaciones(AU)


Adrenal diseases have significant incidence and prevalence; they occur as acute chronic situations. Chronicity and development are both related to behaviours and lifestyles and impose therapeutic demands that lie in the decisions of the person in charge of the patient care. This chronic condition may appear without any symptom and requires an active responsible person for daily care of patients, capable and trained in disease requirements and in necessary therapeutic adjustments, and prepared to act when an acute event occurs. The health care providers should set a therapeutic contract with the patient. This fact requires "know-how" that includes biosocial approach, communicative dexterities and teaching/learning techniques, which are as necessary as the clinical update. The acute adrenal insufficiency may present de novo or results from wrong management of already known chronic condition. There are several causes such as the involuntary omission of medical drug or the concomitant development of a precipitating infective or non-infective illness, which are the most common. The patients suffering chronic adrenal insufficiency need education so that they may be able to acquire new pieces of knowledge, skills and behaviors that allow taking right decisions in the face of possible decompensation(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Adrenal Insufficiency/therapy , Patient Education as Topic/methods , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice
19.
Acta méd. colomb ; 39(4): 378-382, oct.-dic. 2014. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: lil-734934

ABSTRACT

Describimos dos casos de insuficiencia adrenal primaria asociados a hemorragia uni o bilateral de las glándulas adrenales dentro del contexto de un síndrome antifosfolípido (SAF): un paciente con aparente cuadro infeccioso pulmonar y con diagnóstico posterior de falla adrenal, infarto pulmonar y SAF primario, y otra paciente con SAF de vieja data que ingresa a urgencias con cuadro de dolor abdominal, astenia, hipotensión e hiponatremia. Las imágenes de abdomen reportaron compromiso hemorrágico adrenal bilateral en un caso y unilateral en el otro. Ambos casos tenían niveles bajos de cortisol sérico y elevados de hormona adrenocorticotropa, y recibieron manejo con hidrocortisona, con mejoría de los síntomas, normalización de la presión arterial y del trastorno hidroelectrolítico. El síndrome antifosfolípido puede ser una causa de hemorragias y de trombosis en cualquier órgano, llevando a insuficiencia adrenal primaria como una de sus complicaciones.


Two cases of primary adrenal insufficiency associated with unilateral or bilateral hemorrhage of the adrenal glands in the context of antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) are described: one patient with apparent picture of lung infection and subsequent diagnosis of adrenal failure, pulmonary infarction and primary APS and another patient with longstanding APS entering the emergency room with abdominal pain, asthenia, hypotension and hyponatremia. The abdominal images reported bilateral adrenal hemorrhagic commitment in one case and unilateral in the other. Both cases had low levels of serum cortisol and high adrenocorticotropic hormone and received hydrocortisone management with improvement of symptoms and normalization of blood pressure and electrolyte disorder. Antiphospholipid syndrome can be a cause of bleeding and thrombosis in any organ, leading to primary adrenal insufficiency as one of its complications.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Adrenal Insufficiency , Thrombosis , Blood Pressure , Antiphospholipid Syndrome , Adrenocorticotropic Hormone , Emergencies , Infarction
20.
Endocrinol Nutr ; 61 Suppl 1: 1-35, 2014 Sep.
Article in English, Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25128212

ABSTRACT

Adrenal insufficiency (AI) is a disease characterized by a deficient production or action of glucocorticoids, with or without deficiency in mineral corticoids and/or adrenal androgens. It can result from disease intrinsic to the adrenal cortex (primary AI), from pituitary diseases that hamper the release of corticotropin (secondary AI) or from hypothalamic disorders that impair the secretion of the corticotropin-releasing hormone (tertiary AI). It is a disease with a low prevalence but its impact on the affected individual is very high as it can be life-threathening if not treated or lead to health problems if inadequately treated. However, currently there are no specific guidelines for the management of this disease. Therefore, at the proposal of the Spanish Society of Endocrinology and Nutrition (SEEN) board, a task-force under the Neuroendocrinology Knowledge Area of the SEEN was established, with the mandate of updating the diagnosis and treatment of AI. In fulfilment of this mandate the task-force has elaborated the present guide that, based on a comprehensive review of literature, is intended to provide an answer to questions related to the management of this disease. It is, therefore, an essentially practical document, mainly aimed at guiding the health professionals involved in the care of IA patients.


Subject(s)
Adrenal Insufficiency/diagnosis , Adrenal Insufficiency/therapy , Adrenal Insufficiency/etiology , Adult , Algorithms , Humans
SELECTION OF CITATIONS
SEARCH DETAIL
...