Modeling risks in marine protected areas: Mapping of habitats, biodiversity, and cultural ecosystem services in the southernmost atlantic coral reef.

Marine Protected Area (MPA) is a fundamental strategy for the maintenance of ocean ecological processes worldwide and, consequently, their associated ecosystem services. Nevertheless, the quality of the services provided by MPAs, including cultural services such as recreational activities, depends on the effective management of marine habitats and biodiversity. Here, we performed an ecosystemic assessment in reef environments within a subtropical MPA, modeling the potential risks for their habitats and their recreational activities. The Queimada Grande Island (QGI), southeastern Brazil, was used as the model area since this island encompasses a unique and irreplaceable marine habitat, the Southernmost Atlantic coral reef. We firstly assessed and mapped the habitats, the biodiversity, and the recreational activities associated with QGI reefs. Next, we considered different scenarios of management for the modeling risks across the study area. We found that the coral reef and its adjacent habitats, such as the rhodolith bed, make the sheltered face of the island an important area for the provision of the cultural ecosystem services and overlapping uses such as onboard recreational fishing, spearfishing, and recreational diving. This area was also evaluated as the one under the highest risk of impact, considering the current scenario of management. The most successful scenario modeling to reduce these risks was the hypothetical implementation of a 66% reduction of all activities over all QGI habitats. Despite that, the scenario simulating the application of the regulations present in the MPA management plan was enough to reduce almost half the maximum risk value. Therefore, we concluded that to provide a balance among conservation, uses, and the local economy, the application of these regulations is the better management scenario modeled for the study area. Such results provided useful information and tools for local management and decision-making in this singular marine environment, also being an example for mapping ecosystem services and modeling risks in MPAs worldwide.

Piscicultura e os desafios de produzir em regiões com escassez de água / Fish-farming and challenges of producing in regions with water scarcity

Aquaculture production has been increasing in the past few years, and until 2030 it should match 50% of fish offer in the whole world, demonstrating the importance of this activity to food security. It also brings attention to the fact that the demand and water scarcity increasing. Thereby, in regions that live with water scarcity, as in semi-arid regions, its fundamental make more efficient use of water. In this work, fish exploring strategies will be covered that excel the rational use of water. Among these strategies there are: fish-farming in multiple-use reservoirs; in irrigation channels; in conventional tanks, with our without water recirculation, and with reuse of effluent in plant fertirrigation; aquaponic; fish farming in desalinated water and involving use of effluent of water fishing in halophyte plants fertirrigation and use of that in sheep and goats feeding. Those models are dynamic, adjusting itself based on local reality; they are accessible in a economic point of view; and promote the more efficient use of water. Besides, they contribute to food security, for promoting jobs in countryside and generation of income.

A produção aquicola vem aumentado e até 2030 deverá responder por 50% da oferta de pescado em todo o mundo, demonstrando a importância dessa atividade para a segurança alimentar. Também chama a atenção o fato de como a demanda e a escassez de água vem aumentando. Assim, em regiões que convivem com escassez hídrica, como as regiões semiáridas, é fundamental tornar o uso da água mais eficiente. Nesse trabalho serão abordadas estratégias de exploração piscícola que primem pelo uso racional da água. Dentre essas estratégias estão: piscicultura em reservatórios de uso múltiplo; em canais de irrigação; em tanques convencionais, com ou sem recircalação de água, e com reaproveitamento do efluente na fertirrigação de plantas; aquaponia; piscicultura em águas de rejeito de dessalinizador e envolvendo o uso do efluente da piscicultura na fertirrigação de planta halófita e o uso dessa na alimentação de caprinos/ovinos. Esses modelos são dinâmicos, se ajustando à realidade local; são acessíveis do ponto de vista econômico; e promovem um uso mais eficiente da água. Além disso, contribuem para a segurança alimentar, para a promoção de empregos no campo e a geração de renda.

Piscicultura e os desafios de produzir em regiões com escassez de água / Fish-farming and challenges of producing in regions with water scarcity

Aquaculture production has been increasing in the past few years, and until 2030 it should match 50% of fish offer in the whole world, demonstrating the importance of this activity to food security. It also brings attention to the fact that the demand and water scarcity increasing. Thereby, in regions that live with water scarcity, as in semi-arid regions, its fundamental make more efficient use of water. In this work, fish exploring strategies will be covered that excel the rational use of water. Among these strategies there are: fish-farming in multiple-use reservoirs; in irrigation channels; in conventional tanks, with our without water recirculation, and with reuse of effluent in plant fertirrigation; aquaponic; fish farming in desalinated water and involving use of effluent of water fishing in halophyte plants fertirrigation and use of that in sheep and goats feeding. Those models are dynamic, adjusting itself based on local reality; they are accessible in a economic point of view; and promote the more efficient use of water. Besides, they contribute to food security, for promoting jobs in countryside and generation of income.(AU)

A produção aquicola vem aumentado e até 2030 deverá responder por 50% da oferta de pescado em todo o mundo, demonstrando a importância dessa atividade para a segurança alimentar. Também chama a atenção o fato de como a demanda e a escassez de água vem aumentando. Assim, em regiões que convivem com escassez hídrica, como as regiões semiáridas, é fundamental tornar o uso da água mais eficiente. Nesse trabalho serão abordadas estratégias de exploração piscícola que primem pelo uso racional da água. Dentre essas estratégias estão: piscicultura em reservatórios de uso múltiplo; em canais de irrigação; em tanques convencionais, com ou sem recircalação de água, e com reaproveitamento do efluente na fertirrigação de plantas; aquaponia; piscicultura em águas de rejeito de dessalinizador e envolvendo o uso do efluente da piscicultura na fertirrigação de planta halófita e o uso dessa na alimentação de caprinos/ovinos. Esses modelos são dinâmicos, se ajustando à realidade local; são acessíveis do ponto de vista econômico; e promovem um uso mais eficiente da água. Além disso, contribuem para a segurança alimentar, para a promoção de empregos no campo e a geração de renda.(AU)