Cocina institucional

La cocina institucional. Las diferencias de la cocina institucional gastronómica con la cocina de Hospital. Pacientes con un menú fijo versus el cliente ocasional que no tiene una restricción alimenticia

Exploration of Food-Seeking Behaviour, Food Preparation, and Restrictions to Sufficient Food among the Jahai Sub-Tribe (Indigenous People) in Gerik, Malaysia.

Access to food has been determined to be a factor that strongly influences the dietary intake and eating habit of indigenous people (Orang Asli, OA). This study explored food acquisition and the barriers in obtaining traditional and market foods among the Jahai subtribe (within the Negrito ethnic group) via a qualitative approach. Twenty-eight OA (14 males and 14 females) from Gerik, Perak, Malaysia participated in four focus group discussions (FGDs; two male-only and two female-only groups; seven informants in each FGD). Thematic analysis was adopted to analyse the gathered data. The results found that the Jahai applied both modern (buying and receiving food assistance) and traditional (gathering, farming, fishing, and hunting) methods in obtaining food. The barriers they faced in gathering sufficient food supply included low purchasing power, high demand for food, high transport costs, depletion of food supplies in their surroundings, threats from wild animals on the farm and during food searching activities, and food sharing. Food preparation methods practiced by the OA include roasting and grilling, frying, simmering (gulai), and boiling. In conclusion, this study enhances our understanding of the dietary behaviour of the Jahai subtribe and highlights restricted food access among the OA, which demands urgent attention.

Hábitos, preferencias y habilidades culinarias de estudiantes de primer curso de la universidad de Huelva / Habits, preferences and culinary skills of first-year students at the university of Huelva

Introducción: los estudiantes universitarios se encuentran en un periodo crítico para el desarrollo y consolidación de estilos de vida futuros. El objetivo fue conocer los hábitos alimentarios, preferencias alimentarias y habilidades culinarias del alumnado de primer curso de las distintas titulaciones de la Universidad de Huelva. Material y Método: estudio descriptivo transversal durante el año académico 2015-2016 de una muestra final de 756 alumnos. La adherencia a la Dieta Mediterránea se ha medido a través del cuestionario KIDMED. El resto de variables se han recogido mediante un cuestionario ad hoc. El análisis de datos se realizó mediante el PSPP, calculándose medias, desviaciones típicas y porcentajes para el análisis descriptivo, prueba de Chi-cuadrado y ANOVA para el análisis relacional. Resultados: el 20,4% del alumnado tiene un nivel óptimo de adherencia a la Dieta Mediterránea, frente al 65,3% que posee un nivel medio y un 14,3% bajo. Los alimentos preferidos son pollo (62,2%), pasta (58,2%), cerdo (50,4%) y las patatas fritas (45,9%). Entre los alimentos que saben preparar están la pasta, (93,8%), patatas con huevo (90.2 %), pizza precocinada (88.7 %), zumo (86.1 %) y carne a la plancha (85.8 %). Conclusiones: la dieta de los estudiantes onubenses es muy similar a la de otras poblaciones universitarias estudiadas. Se encontró preferencia por las carnes y alimentos ricos en glúcidos, en detrimento de la fruta y la verdura. Se observó un déficit en las habilidades culinarias, lo cual podría explicar el deterioro del patrón alimentario de éstos y orientar futuras intervenciones

Introduction: students attending university are at a critical period for the development and consolidation of future lifestyles. The objective of this study was to know the eating habits, food preferences and culinary skills of first-year students on different degree courses at the University of Huelva. Material and Method: cross-sectional descriptive study in academic year 2015-2016 of a sample of 756 students. Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet was measured by the KIDMED questionnaire. The rest of the variables were measured by an ad hoc questionnaire. Data analysis was performed using the PSPP programme, calculating arithmetic means, standard deviations and percentages for the descriptive analysis, with Chi-square test and ANOVA for the relational analysis. Results: 20.4% of students have an optimal level of adherence to the Mediterranean Diet, compared to 65.3% % with an average level and 14.3% with low adherence. Favourite foods cited were chicken (62.2%), pasta (58.2%), pork (50.4%) and chips (45.9%). The types of food the students knew how to prepare included pasta (93.8%), egg and chips (90.2%), precooked pizza (88.7%), fruit juices (86.1%) and grilled meat (85.8%). Conclusions: Huelva university students diet is very similar to that of other university populations studied. We found a preference for meat and foods rich in carbohydrates, to the detriment of fruit and vegetables. A lack of culinary skills was observed, which could explain the deterioration in eating habits; this is a pointer to future interventions

Programación nutricional del gusto y la tolerancia al picante / Nutritional programming of taste and tolerance to spicy

Introducción: la tradición de la comida picante desempeña un papel muy importante en el gusto por este tipo de comida y su tolerancia. Las preferencias alimentarias muestran influencia genética y ambiental. Objetivos: estudiar la tolerancia y el gusto por el picante de tres poblaciones, y la influencia hereditaria y del ambiente. Métodos: se realizó una encuesta a 522 sujetos, de tres continentes (Asia, Europa y Latinoamérica) en tres idiomas (español, inglés y chino) a través de Internet. Se realizaron preguntas acerca de la tolerancia al picante, el gusto por los alimentos picantes, su uso, la edad de comienzo de consumo, el gusto del padre y de la madre y si ella lo consumía durante el embarazo y/o lactancia. Resultados: existe diferencia entre el gusto por el picante del hijo y el sexo (p < 0,001), la tolerancia (p < 0,001) y, solo en el sexo femenino, el gusto de la madre por el picante (p < 0,001), su consumo durante el embarazo (p < 0,001) y la lactancia (p = 0,005) y el gusto del padre por el picante (p = 0,003). Existe correlación entre el continente de residencia (p = 0,007) y de nacimiento (p = 0,012) y la tolerancia a los alimentos picantes. Conclusión: la influencia de los progenitores, el género y la composición corporal se relacionaron con gustos y tolerancias diferente (AU)

Introduction: Tradition and assiduity with which spicy foods are consumed play a very important role in the taste and tolerance of spicy. Objectives: We sought to study whether the taste for spicy is inherited from generation to generation, or if it is learned by culture and what factors make it happen or not (tastes of the father and mother, family food culture, introduction of spicy food during pregnancy and lactation, genetics, etc). Methods: A survey was conducted in 515 participants from three continents, in three languages (Spanish, English and Chinese) to fill on internet. Questions referred to their taste for spicy foods and their tolerance, spicy foods used, at what age they began to consume it, if their father or mother likes spicy food, and if their mother consumed it during pregnancy and/or lactation. Results: There is statistically significant difference between the taste for spicy and sex (p < 0.001), tolerance (p < 0.001), and only in females, the mothers taste for spicy (p < 0.001) consumption during pregnancy (p < 0.001) and breastfeeding (p = 0.005) and the fathers taste for spicy (p = 0.003). There is a correlation between the continent of residence (p = 0.007) and birth (p = 0.012) and tolerance to spicy foods. Conclusion: The influence of parents, gender and body composition were related to different tastes and tolerances (AU)

Desenvolvimento de receitas especiais para fenilcetonúricos / Development of special recipes for phenylketonuria

Objective: To systematize a route for the development of recipes with reduced phenylalanine and nutritional and sensory quality. Methods: A systematization of steps for the development of recipes was carried out based on the concepts of dietetics and cooking techniques, besides the pertinent literature. The development of recipes, performed in the laboratory, followed the steps of (1) definition of the objective ofeach culinary preparation; (2) choice of existing recipes that serve as starting points; (3) research of the ingredients allowed in the treatment of phenylketonuria, targeted at technological properties for replacement of eggs, milk and wheat flour; and (4) development and adaption of recipes with standardization of household measures. A nutritional analysis of the preparations was realized based on food composition tables; sensory acceptance tests were also conducted. Results: The preparationswere appropriate for phenylketonuria patients? consumption, because the average phenylalanine value found in each portion was 22.08mg and the scores obtained in the sensory tests were positive. The recipes were developed with ingredients such as fruits and vegetables and were low in fat, which contributed to the nutritional quality of the preparations. Conclusions: The systematization proposed favors the developmentof recipes for phenylketonuria patients with sensory and nutritional quality

Objetivo: Sistematizar um percurso para o desenvolvimento de receitas com redução de fenilalanina e com qualidade nutricional e sensorial. Métodos: Foi realizada sistematização das etapas para o desenvolvimento das receitas, com base nos conceitos da técnica dietética e da gastronomia, além da literatura pertinente. O desenvolvimento das receitas, realizado em laboratório, seguiu as etapas de (1) definição do objetivo decada preparação culinária; (2) escolha de receitas existentes que serviriam de ponto de partida; (3) pesquisa de ingredientes permitidos no tratamento da fenilcetonúria e com propriedades tecnológicas voltadas para a substituição de ovos, leite e farinha de trigo, e (4) desenvolvimento e adequação das receitas com padronização das medidas caseiras. A análise nutricional das preparações foi realizada a partir de tabelas de composição dos alimentos e, além disso, foram realizados testes sensoriais de aceitação. Resultados: As preparações apresentaram-se adequadas para consumo de pacientes fenilcetonúricos, uma vez que o valor médio de fenilalanina encontrado nas porções foi de 22,08mg e os escores alcançados nos testes sensoriais foram positivos. As receitas foram desenvolvidas com ingredientes, como frutas e vegetais, e com baixos teores de gordura, que contribuíram para a qualidade nutricional das preparações. Conclusões: A sistematização proposta favoreceu o desenvolvimento de receitas para fenilcetonúricos com qualidade sensorial e nutricional.

Oficina culinária de receitas vegetarianas com baixo teor de açúcares simples e gordura saturada / Workshop or vegetarian recipes low in simple sugars and saturated fat

Introdução: A dieta vegetariana difere da dieta onívora em aspectos que vão além da simples supressão de produtos cárneos. Os vegetarianos fazem um consumo elevado de vegetais, como frutas, cereais, hortaliças, leguminosas e oleginosas, além de sua dieta conter menor quantidade de gordura saturada e , relativamente, maior quantidade de gordura insaturada, carboidratos e fibras. Objetivo: Este estudo tem por objetivo testar aceitação de receitas vegetarianas com baixo teor de açúcares simples e gordura saturada entre graduandos de um Centro Universitário da zona sul de São Paulo. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo de intervenção, que permite verificar o efeito de uma ação educativa entre indibvíduos estudados. Participaram do estudo graduandos deste Centro Universitário. Foram programados três encontros para o desenvolvimento da oficina culinária vegetariana e todos os graduiandos foram convidados. Participaram 13 alunos no primeiro encontro, nove no segundo encontro e terceiro. Foram testadas quatro receitas em cada encontro, entre doces, salgados e sucos nutritivos. Resultados: A avaliação sensorial foi feita por meio da escala hedônica de intenção de consumo com sete pontos, na qual 7 pontos significam comeria sempre, 6 comeria muito frequente, 5 comeria frequentemente, 4 comeria ocasionalmente, 3 comeria raramente, 2 comeria muito raramente e 1 nunca comeria. Todas as preparações testadas tiveram aceitação entre comeria sempre e comeria frequentemente. Conclusão: Todas as receitas vegetarianas tiveram boa aceitação pelos graduandos.

Introduction: The omnivorous vegetarian diet differs in ways that go beyond the simple removal of meat products. Vegetarians have a high consuption of vegetables and fruits, grains, vegetables and oilseeds, as well as their diets contain less saturedf fat and relatively larger amounts of unsaturated fat, fibers and carbohydrates. Objective: This study aims to test the acceptance of vegetarian recipes low in saturated fat and simple sugars between undergraduates from a University Center of the south zone of São Paulo. Methods: It is an intervention study to verify the effect of an educational activity among individuals studied. Study participants were undergraduates of this University Center. In order to develop a vegetarian cooking workshop, three meetings were scheduled. All undergraduates of University Center were invited. Thirteen students attended. The first meeting was attended by 13 students, nine students in the second and third meeting, four students tested recipes in every meeting consisting of sweet, salty and nutrious juices. Results: The sensorial evaluation was performed using the hedonic scale consuption of intent with seven points, 7 points which means always eat, 6 points eat very often, 5 points eat often, 4 points eat occasionally, 3 points eat rarely, 2 points eat very rarely, and 1 point never eat at all. All recipe tested were accepted between 7 points always eat 6 points eat very often. Conclusion: All vegetarian recipes had a good acceptance by undergraduates.

Opening the queen's closet: Henrietta Maria, Elizabeth Cromwell, and the politics of cookery.

The essay shows how two royalist recipe books- The queens closet opened (1655) and The court & kitchin (sic) of Elizabeth (1664)- fashioned Henrietta Maria (1609-69) and Elizabeth Cromwell (1598-1665) as very different housewives to the English nation. By portraying the much-disliked French Catholic Henrietta Maria as engaged in English domestic practices, The queens closet opened implicitly responded to the scandalous private revelations of The kings cabinet opened (1645); while, in contrast, the satiric cookery book attributed to Elizabeth Cromwell stigmatized her as both a country bumpkin and a foreigner. Yet the cookery books also had unintended republicanizing effects, as consumers appropriated the contents of the queen's closet for their own cabinets and kitchens.

Beef customer satisfaction: USDA quality grade and marination effects on consumer evaluations of top round steaks.

An in-home beef study evaluated consumer ratings of top round steaks (semimembranosus) as influenced by USDA quality grade (top Choice or high Select), city (Chicago or Philadelphia), consumer segment (beef loyalists = heavy consumers of beef; budget rotators = cost-driven and split meat consumption between beef and chicken; and variety rotators = higher incomes and education and split meat consumption among beef, poultry, and other foods), degree of doneness, cooking method, and marination. Consumers evaluated each steak for overall like, tenderness, juiciness, flavor like, and flavor amount using 10-point scales (1 = dislike extremely, not at all tender, not at all juicy, dislike extremely, and none at all to 10 = like extremely, extremely tender, extremely juicy, like extremely, and an extreme amount of flavor, respectively). Quality grade affected several consumer sensory traits, with top Choice receiving higher (P < or = 0.004) tenderness, juiciness, and flavor like scores than high Select. Consumers in Chicago rated steaks cooked "medium and less" higher for overall like, tenderness, juiciness, flavor like, and flavor amount than those in Philadelphia (city x degree of doneness; P < or = 0.020). Steaks braised by customers in Philadelphia received among the highest scores for overall like, tenderness, juiciness, flavor like, and flavor amount compared with any cooking method used by customers in Chicago (cooking method x city; P < or = 0.026). Overall like and flavor amount ratings were least (P < 0.05) for steaks that were marinated and cooked to "medium and less" degree of doneness (marination x degree of doneness; P < or = 0.014). Braised steaks received among the highest values for overall like, tenderness, juiciness, flavor like, and flavor amount when cooked to "medium and less" or "medium well and more" (cooking method x degree of doneness; P < or = 0.008). Correlation and stepwise regression analysis indicated that flavor like was pivotal in customers' satisfaction with top round steaks, and was the sensory trait most highly correlated to overall like, followed by tenderness, flavor amount, and juiciness. Preparation of top round steaks was crucial in consumers' likes and dislikes, and by improving flavor, higher consumer satisfaction may be achieved.

Calidad de cocción de pastas largas suplementadas con salvado de arroz / Cooking quality of pastas supplemented with rice bran

En este trabajo se evaluó la calidad durante y después de la cocción de pastas largas espagueti, dos de ellas fueron elaboradas con harina granular (HG) con los mismos porcentajes de suplementación con SA. A las pastas se les determinó tiempo de cocción, absorción de agua, pérdida de sólido solubles, color y dureza (instrumental y sensorial), calidad proteica (PER), Disgestibilidad Aparente in vivo y la aceptabilidad con un panel no entrenado de 35 personas. La suplementación con SA mejoró las pérdidas de sólidos en el agua de cocción, aumentó los tiempos de cocción, no afectó significativamente la calidad de la proteína, pero las pastas resultaron más oscuras y más duras, especialmente las elaboradas con SD y SA. Los resultados obtenidos demostraron que si es posible sustituir el trigo por SA en elaboración de las pastas sin que se afecten notablemente los parámetros de cocción y con una calidad organoléptica aceptable y comparable a la de las pastas integrales comerciales

Desarrollo de una pasta para sopa diseñada de acuerdo a los gustos y recomendaciones nutricias para los ancianos / Develoment of a soup paste based on the taste and nutritional requirements of the elderly people

El objetivo planteado fue elaborar una pasta para sopa con base en una mezcla cereal/leguminosa mediante el método de extrusión en frío, de acuerdo a las preferencias y limitaciones de la población senil. Para obtener la formulación se utilizó un programa para el cálculo de mezclas alimenticias en el cual se aplicaron limitantes como: cantidad y calidad de proteína. Las mezclas seleccionadas deberían presentar un contenido de proteína mayor a 13,2/100 g y una calificación química de leucina, lisina y metionina-cisteina no menor al 75 por ciento de las recomendaciones dadas por la FAO/OMS 1973 ya que son los aminoácidos limitantes en el amaranto, en el trigo y en frijol, respectivamente; las mezclas se evaluaron mediante pruebas químicas, microbiológicas, farinográficas, físicas y sensoriales. La mezcla que presentó las mejores características fue: 70 por ciento sémola de trigo (Triticum durum), 20 por ciento frijol (Phaseoulus vulgaris L) y 10 por ciento amaranto (Amaránthus hypochondriacus). La pasta elaborada con esta mezcla cumplió con el 20 por ciento de las recomendaciones para ancianos de proteína, hidratos de carbono, calcio, hierro y vitaminas A, B1 y C en 100 g de producto cocido y se aceptó sensorialmente por más de 95 por ciento de la población senil; fue microbiológicamente estable durante 12 semanas de almacenamiento a 25ºC y 55 por ciento HR en un empaque de celofán. De este estudio se concluyó que la pasta es un buen vehículo para adicionar las sustancias y nutrimentos deficientes en la dieta habitual de los ancianos en nuestro país