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1.
Inf. psiquiátr ; (220): 31-54, abr.-jun. 2015. tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-144675

ABSTRACT

Los antipsicóticos son el tratamiento de elección de los síntomas psicóticos en la población anciana. También se emplean para el tratamiento de otros diagnósticos como depresión, trastorno bipolar, ansiedad grave o insomnio. La eficacia entre los distintos antipsicóticos es similar, pero en la población anciana es el perfil de efectos secundarios lo que condiciona la prescripción de un antipsicótico u otro. En este artículo se realiza una puesta al día del empleo de antipsicóticos en ancianos, incidiendo en las diferencias entre antipsicóticos típicos y atípicos, así como entre los distintos antipsicóticos atípicos entre sí. Se han revisado los principales efectos adversos de estos medicamentos en la vejez, enfatizando en los efectos cardio y cerebrovascular tanto en ancianos con enfermedad mental como en ancianos con enfermedades neurodegenerativas


Antipsychotics are the first choice for the psychotic symptoms in the elderly. These drugs are also employed other diagnosis such as depression, bipolar disorder, severe anxiety or insomnia. The efficacy appears to be similar for all antipsychotics. In the elderly, adverse effects determine the use of a specific antipsychotic. In this article we expose an update on the use of antipsychotics in the elderly, focusing in the differences between typical and atypical antipsychotics and among all the atypicals. The main adverse effects of these drugs in the elderly are reviewed, with an special focus on the cardio and cerebrovascular adverse effects, both in patients with mental illness and in patients with neurodegenerative disorders


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Male , Diagnosis, Dual (Psychiatry)/ethics , Psychotic Disorders/pathology , Psychotic Disorders/psychology , Antipsychotic Agents/administration & dosage , Alzheimer Disease/pathology , Stroke/diagnosis , Hypotension, Orthostatic/metabolism , Dementia/pathology , Dosage/methods , Pharmaceutical Preparations/administration & dosage , Diagnosis, Dual (Psychiatry)/psychology , Psychotic Disorders/classification , Psychotic Disorders/metabolism , Antipsychotic Agents/pharmacology , Alzheimer Disease/metabolism , Stroke/complications , Hypotension, Orthostatic/complications , Dementia/genetics , Dosage/prevention & control , Pharmaceutical Preparations
2.
Adicciones (Palma de Mallorca) ; 24(3): 219-228, jul.-sept. 2012. graf, tab
Article in English | IBECS | ID: ibc-101642

ABSTRACT

El objetivo principal de este estudio fue replicar y ampliar los resultados de estudios previos sobre subtipos de adolescentes con trastorno por uso de sustancias (TUS), de acuerdo con sus perfiles de personalidad en el Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory for adolescents (MMPI-A). Sesenta pacientes con TUS y comorbilidad psiquiátrica (41.7% hombres, edad media = 15.9 años) completaron el MMPI-A, el Teen Addiction Severity Index (T-ASI), el Child Behaviour Checklist (CBCL), y entrevistas para obtener diagnósticos DSM-IV y medidas del nivel de uso de sustancias. El perfil general de personalidad MMPI-A mostró elevaciones moderadas en las escalas de Desviación Psicopática, Depresión e Histeria. El análisis de cluster jerárquico reveló cuatro perfiles (acting-out, 35% de la muestra; disorganized-conflictive, 15%; normative-impulsive, 15%; y deceptive-concealed, 35%). Se encontraron asociaciones entre el cluster 1, la sintomatología externalizante a nivel clínico del CBCL y los trastornos de conducta, así como entre el cluster 2 y un nivel clínico de síntomas internalizantes y externalizantes del CBCL. El análisis discriminante mostró que las escalas del MMPI-A Depresión, Desviación Psicopática y Psicastenia, clasificaron correctamente el 90% de los pacientes dentro de los subgrupos obtenidos (AU)


The main aim of this study was to replicate and extend previous results on subtypes of adolescents with substance use disorders (SUD), according to their Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory for adolescents (MMPI-A) profiles. Sixty patients with SUD and psychiatric comorbidity (41.7% male, mean age = 15.9 years old) completed the MMPI-A, the Teen Addiction Severity Index (T-ASI), the Child Behaviour Checklist (CBCL), and were interviewed in order to determine DSMIV diagnoses and level of substance use. Mean MMPI-A personality profile showed moderate peaks in Psychopathic Deviate, Depression and Hysteria scales. Hierarchical cluster analysis revealed four profiles (acting-out, 35% of the sample; disorganized-conflictive, 15%; normative-impulsive, 15%; and deceptive-concealed, 35%). External correlates were found between cluster 1, CBCL externalizing symptoms at a clinical level and conduct disorders, and between cluster 2 and mixed CBCL internalized/externalized symptoms at a clinical level. Discriminant analysis showed that Depression, Psychopathic Deviate and Psychasthenia MMPI-A scales correctly classified 90% of the patients into the clusters obtained (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Substance-Related Disorders/diagnosis , Diagnosis, Dual (Psychiatry)/ethics , Substance-Related Disorders/prevention & control , Substance-Related Disorders/psychology , Diagnosis, Dual (Psychiatry)/instrumentation , Substance-Related Disorders/therapy , Diagnosis, Dual (Psychiatry)/methods , Diagnosis, Dual (Psychiatry) , Comorbidity/trends , MMPI/statistics & numerical data , Discriminant Analysis , Data Analysis/methods , Data Analysis/statistics & numerical data , Analysis of Variance
3.
Actas esp. psiquiatr ; 40(2): 63-69, mar.-abr. 2012. graf, ilus
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-97946

ABSTRACT

Objetivo. Evaluar la adherencia de los pacientes derivados a un ambulatorio de drogodependencias accesible tras ser visitados en el servicio de urgencias de psiquiatría. Describir las variables asociadas a la adherencia y la duración de la vinculación. Metodología. Estudio naturalístico. La muestra del estudio se obtuvo a partir de la revisión de las historias clínicas de los pacientes que acudieron al Servicio de Urgencias de Psiquiatría del Hospital Universitario Vall d’Hebron (HUVH)durante un año (n=5052). Se seleccionaron aquellos que cumplían con los criterios diagnósticos de dependencia desustancias según el DSM-IV-TR, pertenecían al sector de referencia y eran derivados al alta al dispositivo de tratamiento ambulatorio de drogodependencias y no estaban vinculados a otros dispositivos de drogas (n=72). Se valoró su posterior vinculación al centro y la adherencia el siguiente año. Resultados. Un 33,4% no solicitaron visita. De los que la solicitaron un 20,83% no acudieron. Un 47,37% de los que acudieron a la primera visita abandonaron antes de los 12meses. No se observaron diferencias entre el tipo de droga o época de derivación. Discusión. Existen dificultades de adherencia al tratamiento de los pacientes con trastorno por uso de sustancias(TUS), con independencia a la accesibilidad. La vinculación inicial es media. Es importante que los pacientes acudan. Si esto sucede la retención es del doble. Se deben realizar esfuerzos para mejorar el cumplimiento del tratamiento farmacológico y no farmacológico (AU)


Objectives. The main objective was to evaluate the treatment adherence of patients attended at the Psychiatric Emergency Room and referred to an Outpatient Drug Clinic. Our aim was to describe the degree of adherence and the factors related to it. Methods. A naturalistic study was conducted through examination of the clinical records of the patients attended in the Psychiatric Emergency Room of our hospital during one year (n=5052). Inclusion criteria consisted of substance dependence meeting DSM-IV criteria, belonging to our district, referral when discharged to an Outpatient Drug Clinic, and absence of previous treatment for Drug Addiction follow-ups (n=72). We evaluated further to the center link, adherence to the device during the next year. Results. 33.4% of the patients referred to an Outpatient Drug Clinic didn’t request for a visit. From those whore quested a first appointment, 20.83% didn’t attend. From those who attended the first appointment, 47.37%abandoned treatment in the first 12 months. No differences between substance of use or time of the year of referral were observed. Discussion. Independently to the accessibility to the Outpatient Clinic, difficulties in the adherence to drug addiction treatment exist. Inicial adherence to drug addiction treatment is medium. Patient’s attendance to the clinics are important due to it’s relation with retention doubling. Efforts should be made to improve the compliance with pharmacologic and non pharmacologic treatment (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Diagnosis, Dual (Psychiatry)/ethics , Substance-Related Disorders/diagnosis , Substance-Related Disorders/psychology , Substance-Related Disorders/therapy , Ambulatory Care , Emergencies/psychology , Diagnosis, Dual (Psychiatry)/psychology , Diagnosis, Dual (Psychiatry) , Substance-Related Disorders/prevention & control , Emergencies/epidemiology , Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
4.
Adicciones (Palma de Mallorca) ; 23(2): 165-172, abr.-jun. 2011. tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-90148

ABSTRACT

Introducción: La patología dual (PD) es la coexistencia de un trastorno por uso de sustancias (TUS) y otro trastorno mental. Se ha descrito que el género es un factor que influye en la prevalencia de las enfermedades psiquiátricas, su expresión sintomática, curso, pronóstico, demanda y respuesta al tratamiento. Material y métodos: Se revisan 40 estudios publicados en Medline, Web of Science, y Journal Citation Reports hasta diciembre de 2009que contienen información a cerca de las diferencias de género en la prevalencia y las características clínicas de pacientes duales mayores de 18 años. Conclusiones: La distribución de los trastornos mentales del Eje I en pacientes duales, según el género, se mantiene similar a la de los trastornos mentales no duales en la población general. Existe mayor prevalencia en hombres de trastornos psicóticos y bipolares, y en mujeres mayor prevalencia de trastornos de ansiedad y afectivos. El género femenino deja de ser factor de buen pronóstico en la psicosisdual. Por otra parte, el policonsumo es más frecuente en los varones (AU)


Introduction: Dual diagnosis is the co-occurrence of a substance abuse disorder and a psychiatric condition. Gender has been found to be associated with differences in prevalence of mental disorders as well as outcome, prognosis and treatment-seeking. Material and Methods: Articles published in Medline, Web of Science and Journal Citation Reports up to December 2009 that examined ender, prevalence and clinical characteristics of dual-diagnosis patients aged over 18 were reviewed. Conclusions: The distribution of Axis I disorders by gender is similar for dually diagnosed patients and single-disorder patients. The prevalence of psychotic and bipolar disorders is higher in men, whereas anxiety and affective disorders are more prevalent in women. Dually diagnosed females with psychotic disorders do not show better prognosis than men. Finally, poly drug use among dual-diagnosis individuals is more prevalent in males (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Psychotic Disorders/diagnosis , Diagnosis, Dual (Psychiatry)/adverse effects , Substance-Related Disorders/diagnosis , Anxiety Disorders/diagnosis , Affective Disorders, Psychotic/diagnosis , Psychotic Disorders/epidemiology , Psychotic Disorders/psychology , Diagnosis, Dual (Psychiatry)/ethics , Diagnosis, Dual (Psychiatry)/nursing , Diagnosis, Dual (Psychiatry)/statistics & numerical data , Diagnosis, Dual (Psychiatry)/trends , Substance-Related Disorders/complications , Substance-Related Disorders/prevention & control
6.
Br J Nurs ; 15(14): 787-90, 2006.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16936621

ABSTRACT

Evidence from the US shows that integrated treatment programmes for dually diagnosed patients are more successful than parallel treatment programmes. In the UK the Dual Diagnosis Good Practice Guide (DDGPG, 2002a), advocates a move towards an integrated system of care delivery. However, the paucity of evidence in the UK and the entrenched nature of the established mental health and addictions services means that current policy is derived from limited information and is struggling to address the process of change. By definition, dual diagnosis is a complex interaction between a range of mental health and substance misuse problems leading to difficulties in allocating appropriate skill mixes to teams. Ethical and legal issues in the mental health services cause conflict with the treatment concepts for substance misuse. The advent of the DDGPG is positive, but there is a clear need for further work in this area.


Subject(s)
Benchmarking/organization & administration , Diagnosis, Dual (Psychiatry)/standards , Evidence-Based Medicine/organization & administration , Mental Health Services/organization & administration , Practice Guidelines as Topic/standards , Benchmarking/ethics , Community Participation , Diagnosis, Dual (Psychiatry)/ethics , Evidence-Based Medicine/ethics , Health Care Reform/organization & administration , Health Services Accessibility/organization & administration , Humans , Mental Disorders/complications , Mental Disorders/diagnosis , Mental Disorders/therapy , State Medicine/organization & administration , Substance-Related Disorders/complications , Substance-Related Disorders/diagnosis , Substance-Related Disorders/therapy , Total Quality Management/organization & administration , United Kingdom
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