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1.
J Diabetes Res ; 2017: 4124967, 2017.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28819632

ABSTRACT

Dietary management of autoimmune diabetes includes low glycemic foods classified from the glycemic index, but it does not consider the role that immunoreactive foods may play with the immunological etiology of the disease. We measured the reactivity of either monoclonal or polyclonal affinity-purified antibodies to insulin, insulin receptor alpha, insulin receptor beta, zinc transporter 8 (ZnT8), tyrosine phosphatase-based islet antigen 2 (IA2), and glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) 65 and 67 against 204 dietary proteins that are commonly consumed. Dietary protein determinants included unmodified (raw) and modified (cooked and roasted) foods, herbs, spices, food gums, brewed beverages, and additives. There was no immune reactivity between insulin or insulin receptor beta and dietary proteins. However, we identified strong to moderate immunological reactivity with antibodies against insulin receptor alpha, ZnT8, IA2, GAD-65, and GAD-67 with several dietary proteins. We also identified 49 dietary proteins found in foods classified as low glycemic foods with immune reactivity to autoimmune target sites. Laboratory analysis of immunological cross-reactivity between pancreas target sites and dietary proteins is the initial step necessary in determining whether dietary proteins may play a potential immunoreactive role in autoimmune diabetes.


Subject(s)
Autoantibodies/immunology , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/immunology , Dietary Proteins/immunology , Food , Glycemic Index , Islets of Langerhans/immunology , Antigens, CD/immunology , Autoantibodies/pharmacology , Autoantigens/immunology , Cross Reactions , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/pathology , Disease Progression , Food/adverse effects , Food Hypersensitivity/complications , Food Hypersensitivity/immunology , Glutamate Decarboxylase/immunology , Glycemic Index/immunology , Humans , In Vitro Techniques , Insulin/immunology , Receptor, Insulin/immunology , Zinc Transporter 8/immunology
2.
Braz. J. Pharm. Sci. (Online) ; 53(4): e00060, 2017. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-889416

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT The aim of the present study was to investigate the bone mineral density (BMD) of patients with type 1 Diabetes mellitus (T1DM). We also assessed the association between osteoprotegerin (OPG) genetic polymorphisms and BMD. Genotyping was performed for 1181G>C and 163A>G OPG polymorphisms by allelic discrimination in 119 patients with T1DM and 161 normoglycemic (NG) individuals, aged 6 to 20 years old. Glycemic control, serum parameters of bone metabolism and BMD were evaluated. T1DM patients showed low BMD, poor glycemic control and decreased total calcium values when compared to controls (p < 0.05). For all the polymorphisms studied, the genotype and allele frequencies in patients with T1DM were not significantly different from the controls. In patients with T1DM, carriers of OPG 1181CC showed higher concentrations of ionized calcium compared to patients with GG+GC genotypes. These results suggest that low BMD is associated with poor glycemic control in T1DM. Despite the lack of a detected association between OPG polymorphisms and BMD in these patients, the increased ionized calcium in those carrying OPG 1181CC suggests a possible increase in osteoclastogenesis, a conclusion that may be supported by the lower BMD observed in these subjects.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Polymorphism, Genetic , Bone Density/genetics , Glycemic Index/immunology , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/classification , Osteogenesis Imperfecta/prevention & control , Osteoprotegerin , Genotyping Techniques/methods
3.
Rev. cuba. endocrinol ; 22(1): 29-35, ene.-abr. 2011.
Article in Spanish | LILACS, CUMED | ID: lil-615033

ABSTRACT

La dieta constituye uno de los pilares básicos del tratamiento de la prediabetes porque reduce el riesgo de desarrollar diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DM 2), así como la enfermedad coronaria y cerebrovascular. Podemos considerar a la prediabetes como una fase preclínica y bioquímica detectable en la historia natural de la DM 2, y por eso, intervenir en esa etapa, permite hacer prevención primaria y secundaria sobre la entidad. Los cambios en el estilo de vida en personas en riesgo pueden prevenir o retrasar la aparición e inicio de la DM 2, lo cual ha sido bien documentado en los estudios de su prevención. Se deben tener en cuenta algunos elementos, como: brindar una amplia educación nutricional, evitar todo tipo de dieta que no esté debidamente balanceada, que las recomendaciones dietéticas sean flexibles para que el plan de comidas no cree problemas en la vida cotidiana, que las recomendaciones dietéticas sean en gran medida similares a las de las personas no diabéticas, garantizar un consumo energético acorde con el peso corporal y gasto energético diario para mantener un peso corporal normal o lo más cercano posible a lo normal, restringir la ingestión de grasas ricas en ácidos grasos saturados así como de alimentos ricos en colesterol, sustituir los carbohidratos refinados por los de absorción lenta o complejos que por lo general son ricos en fibra dietética, así como moderar el consumo de sal y desestimular el consumo de alcohol(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Prediabetic State/diet therapy , Diabetes Mellitus/prevention & control , Nutritional Requirements/physiology , Glycemic Index/immunology , Life Style
5.
Av. diabetol ; 24(4): 296-304, jul.-ago. 2008. ilus, tab
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-68043

ABSTRACT

La disminución de la sensibilidad a la insulina desempeña un papel importante en muchos procesos crónicos, y la determinación de la sensibilidad a la insulina tiene numerosas aplicaciones en clínica e investigación. El método de referencia es la medición mediante el clamp euglucémico hiperinsulinémico, pero como resulta muy laborioso y económicamente caro, se han desarrollado otros métodos más aplicables en la práctica clínica diaria que se pueden utilizar en estudios con muestras grandes de sujetos. Los más fáciles de realizar se basan en las mediciones basales de la glucosa y la insulina, como por ejemplo los índices derivados del Homeostatic Model Assessment (HOMA); otros utilizan los valores de glucosa e insulina obtenidos en la sobrecarga oral de glucosa. Mientras los índices derivados de valores basales se relacionan con la sensibilidad a la insulina hepática, los que utilizan la sobrecarga de glucosa oral también ofrecen información sobre la sensibilidad a la insulina periférica. En este trabajo se revisan los más importantes: el índice de Cederholm, el de Belfiore, el de Gutt, el de Avignon, el de Soonthornpun, el OGIS y el GSI. El investigador deberá decidir cuál usar en función de lo que deba investigar o de con qué otras investigaciones tenga que compararlo (AU)


Diminished insulin sensitivity plays a major role in a many chronic diseases. Insulin sensitivity determination has been used extensively in clinical practice and research. Although the euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp is the reference method, it’s technical demanding and expensive. Therefore, other methods to determine insulin sensitivity in daily clinical practice have been developed that can be used in studies including larger samples of subjects. The easiest methods used only basal plasma glucose and serum insulin concentrations, as for example in the Homeostatic Model Assessment (HOMA) method. Other methods have been developed using several glucose and insulin values from the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). While indexes derived from basal values are related to hepatic insulin sensitivity, those derived from OGTT are associated also with the peripheral insulin sensitivity. In this manuscript the most important indexes based on an OGTT are review: Cederholm, Belfiore, Gutt, Avignon, Soonthornpun, OGIS and GSI. Researchers must decide which of them should be used, depending on what is being investigated or to make comparisons with previous studies (AU)


Subject(s)
Sensitivity and Specificity , Insulin/analysis , Glucose/analysis , Blood Glucose/analysis , Homeostasis/physiology , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/blood , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/diagnosis , Glucose Clamp Technique/methods , Glucose Clamp Technique/statistics & numerical data , Glycemic Index/physiology , Glycemic Index , Glycemic Index/immunology , Homeostasis/immunology , Models, Theoretical
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