Subject(s)
Chemoprevention/methods , Diet , Neoplasms/prevention & control , Anticarcinogenic Agents/pharmacology , Biomarkers/chemistry , Clinical Trials as Topic , Cohort Studies , Food , Humans , Leukoplakia, Oral/diet therapy , Medical Oncology/methods , Pilot Projects , Research Design , Time FactorsABSTRACT
Actualmente, existen suficientes investigaciones que sostienen que incorporar a la dieta ciertos alimentos ricos en antioxidantes, tiene un efecto beneficioso en la salud en general. Una dieta equilibrada disminuye el riesgo de patologías tales como las enfermedades cardiovasculares, cáncer y diabetes, entre otras. También el papel de los antioxidantes en la salud oral, es objeto de estudio en este momento. Se buscan beneficios y aplicaciones en la prevención y tratamiento de patologías orales, que de ser demostrados podrían suponer en el futuro un cambio en el manejo de estas patologías. Se ha realizado una revisión de la literatura para determinar si existe suficiente evidencia científica que avale la presencia de propiedades preventivas y terapéuticas de los antioxidantes en la salud oral. Para ello, se han consultado las bases de datos PubMed/Medline y Cochrane con las palabras clave: antioxidants, oral health, oral cancer, nutrition, quimioprevention, leukoplakia, lycopene (AU)
Nowadays, it is proved that incorporating food which is rich in antioxidants has beneficial effects to health. A balanced diet decreases the risk of suffering pathologies as heart disease, cancer and diabetes among others. In addition, the role of antioxidants in oral health is currently understudy. The aim of this paper is to find benefits and applications in the prevention and treatment of oral pathologies. If this was proved it could mean a future change in these pathologies management. A review of the scientific evidence todeterminate whether antioxidants have preventive and therapeutic properties in oral health hasbeen done, using the data bases PubMed/Medline, Cochrane with the following key words:antioxidants, oral health, oral cancer, nutrition, quimioprevention, leukoplakia, lycopene (AU)
Subject(s)
Antioxidants/physiology , Antioxidants/therapeutic use , Oral Health , Diet/methods , Diet Therapy , Leukoplakia, Oral/diet therapy , Chemoprevention , 52503/physiology , Antioxidants/administration & dosage , Dental Clinics/methods , Carotenoids/therapeutic useABSTRACT
El tratamiento de la leucoplasia oral (LO) se basa en la premisa de la detección precoz y el manejo activo de estos pacientes para prevenir el desarrollo del carcinoma oral de células escamosas (COCE). No se han definido todavía para esta entidad clínica protocolos de tratamiento estandarizados para reducir el riesgo de transformación maligna. Se han empleado numerosos tratamientos, tanto médicos como quirúrgicos No se ha encontrado ningún tratamiento que sea efectivo para prevenir la transformación maligna; y si bien algunos tratamientos (vitamina A, los retinoides, el betacaroteno y el licopeno) son efectivos para la resolución clínica, ninguno puede prevenir las recidivas y/o la malignización. Tampoco se han comprobado evidencias de que existan ventajas obvias en realizar tratamiento quirúrgico. Se realiza una revisión de los tratamientos empleados en los últimos años en las LO así como se comentan algunas revisiones realizadas sobre este aspecto (AU)
Treatment of oral leukoplakia (OL) is based on early detection and the active management of these patients in order to prevent the development of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Nowadays, does not exist standardized protocols to decrease the risk of malignat transformation. A great number of different medical and surgical treatments had been employed, but none of them has proved to be effective in the prevention of malignant transformation, and although some of them (vitamin A, retinoids, betacarotens and licopene) are effective for the clinical resolution, none of them can prevent relapses and/or malignization. As well, surgical treatment has no showed evidences of advantage. It had been performed a literature review about the differents treatments employed in recent years in OL and comments about some reviews in this topic are made (AU)
Subject(s)
Leukoplakia, Oral/therapy , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/prevention & control , Retinoids/therapeutic use , beta Carotene/therapeutic use , Biomarkers/analysis , Predictive Value of Tests , Leukoplakia, Oral/diet therapy , Leukoplakia, Oral/drug therapy , Linear Models , Logistic Models , Carcinoma/epidemiologyABSTRACT
The blue-green microalgae Spirulina, used in daily diets of natives in Africa and America, have been found to be a rich natural source of proteins, carotenoids, and other micronutrients. Experimental studies in animal models have demonstrated an inhibitory effect of Spirulina algae on oral carcinogenesis. Studies among preschool children in India have demonstrated Spirulina fusiformis (SF) to be an effective source of dietary vitamin A. We evaluated the chemopreventive activity of SF (1 g/day for 12 mos) in reversing oral leukoplakia in pan tobacco chewers in Kerala, India. Complete regression of lesions was observed in 20 of 44 (45%) evaluable subjects supplemented with SF, as opposed to 3 of 43 (7%) in the placebo arm (p < 0.0001). When stratified by type of leukoplakia, the response was more pronounced in homogeneous lesions: complete regression was seen in 16 of 28 (57%) subjects with homogeneous leukoplakia, 2 of 8 with erythroplakia, 2 of 4 with verrucous leukoplakia, and 0 of 4 with ulcerated and nodular lesions. Within one year of discontinuing supplements, 9 of 20 (45%) complete responders with SF developed recurrent lesions. Supplementation with SF did not result in increased serum concentration of retinol or beta-carotene, nor was it associated with toxicity. This is the first human study evaluating the chemopreventive potential of SF. More studies in different settings and different populations are needed for further evaluation.
