Tabaquismo pasivo en la infancia: programación de la adicción a la nicotina / No disponible

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Fatherhood, smoking, and secondhand smoke in North America: an historical analysis with a view to contemporary practice.

In the context of concerns about the effects of secondhand smoke on fetal health and the health of children, North American health promotion interventions have focused on reducing tobacco consumption among women to a greater extent than men. This is problematic when the health effects of men's secondhand smoke in family environments are considered. This article examines this gendered phenomenon in terms of a history of cigarette consumption that positions smoking as masculine. Furthermore, it demonstrates the value of addressing men's smoking using a gendered methodology, with an emphasis on fatherhood as an expression of masculine identity. Garnering health promotion programs to promote a culture of masculinity that is less individualistic, and defined in terms of responsibility and care for others, in addition to the self, has the potential to render men's smoking problematic and challenge the historic linkages between smoking and masculinity.

Tratamiento del tabaquismo mediante un programa conductual interactivo: efectos sobre el consumo, motivación y autoeficacia / Smoking behaviour treatment by means of an interactive behavioural programme: effects on the consumption, motivation and autoefficiency

Las técnicas conductuales para el tratamiento del tabaquismo pueden ser eficaces en la modificación de variables cognitivas, además de reducir el consumo. Un tratamiento de tres sesiones, basado en un diseño interactivo, se aplicó para modificar el hábito de fumar. El programa comenzó estableciendo la línea base del comportamiento e introduciendo las sesiones de tratamiento posteriormente. La primera sesión incluyó una técnica aversiva (retener el humo) y una técnica no aversiva (reducción gradual de nicotina o RG). La segunda sólo incluyó la RG y la tercera fue similar a la primera. Finalmente, el programa se termina con una fase de seguimiento. Este programa se usó en un participante varón de 25 años. Los datos indican un descenso significativo entre las diferentes fases y sesiones y muestran que las técnicas aversivas pueden ser eficaces para reducir el consumo a corto plazo e influir en la motivación y la auto-eficacia(AU)

The behavioural techniques for the treatment of the smoking behaviour can be effective in the modification of cognitive variables besides reducing of the consumption. A treatment of three sessions, based on an interactive design, was applied in order to modify the smoking habit. The program began by establishing the base line of the behaviour and introducing the treatment sessions later. The first session included an aversive technique (to retain the smoke) and a non aversive technique (gradual reduction of nicotine or GR). The second only included the GR, and third was similar to the first session. Finally, the program ends with a phase of monitoring. This programme was used in a participant of a 25 years old male. The obtained data indicates a significant decrease between the different phases and sessions; and shows that the aversive techniques can be more effective to reduce the short-term consumption and to influence the motivation and the autoefficiency(AU)

"We mentally ill smoke a lot": identity, smoking, and mental illness in America.

Most of the history of the tobacco industry over the last few decades has focused on the conflicts between tobacco industry leaders who promoted smoking and tobacco control advocates who warned of the health consequences. Yet a view of this conflict from the perspective of smokers who are also mentally ill raises questions about how to frame public health policy for these individuals. Mentally ill consumers wrote to the tobacco industry between the 1970s and 1990s and expressed their commitment to smoking and to cigarette companies, despite their awareness of the health risks. This paper explores the relationship between mentally ill consumers, the tobacco industry, and public health in the United States through letters written by mentally ill smokers.

[Smoking history worldwide--cigarette smoking, passive smoking and smoke free environment in Switzerland]. / Die Geschichte des Rauchens--wie Nichtrauchen wieder gesellschaftsfähig wird.

After the invention of the cigarette 1881 the health consequences of active smoking were fully known only in 1964. Since 1986 research findings allow increasingly stronger conclusions about the impact of passive smoking on health, especially for lung cancer, cardiovascular and respiratory disease in adults and children and the sudden infant death syndrome. On the basis of current consumption patterns, approximately 450 million adults will be killed by smoking between 2000 and 2050. At least half of these adults will die between age 30 and 69. Cancer and total deaths due to smoking have fallen so far only in men in high-income countries but will rise globally unless current smokers stop smoking before or during middle age. Higher taxes, regulations on smoking, including 100 % smoke free indoor spaces, and information for consumers could avoid smoking-associated deaths. Irland was 2004 the first country worldwide introducing smoke free bars and restaurants with positive effects on compliance, health of employees and business. In the first year after the introduction these policies have resulted in a 10 - 20 % reduction of acute coronary events. In Switzerland smoke free regulations have been accepted by popular vote first in the canton of Ticino in 2006 and since then in 15 more cantons. The smoking rate dropped from 33 to 27 % since 2001.

Enfermería en el pasado, presente y futuro del tabaquismo / The role of nursery in the past, present and future of smoking control

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Evolución del control del tabaquismo en España (1994-2009) / No disponible

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Atención primaria y tabaco. Quince años de progreso / No disponible

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Tabaco en zona republicana durante la Guerra Civil Española / Tobacco in the Republican zone during the Spanish Civil War

La demanda de tabaco aumenta de manera significativa durante los conflictos bélicos, tanto en el frente como en la retaguardia. Esto hace que sea valorado de manera muy positiva por la sociedad y las autoridades, convirtiéndose en una importante baza psicológica a nivel interno y contra el enemigo. En este artículo nos centramos en la situación habida en la España republicana durante la Guerra Civil, donde la escasez de tabaco fue un elemento de inestabilidad en la retaguardia y un arma más para la lucha (AU)

The request of tobacco increases notoriusly in the wars, such as in the front as in the rearguard. This is the reason because it has been so appreciated, in a domestic level or as well used against the enemy. In this article we study the case of the Republican Spain during the Spanish Civil War, where the shortage of tobacco had been a cause of inestability in the rearguard and a weapon for the fight (AU)

El tabaco: de uso medicinal a primera causa de morbimortalidad / No disponible

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A biomarker of exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) and Ernst Wynder's opinion about ETS and lung cancer.

Ernst Wynder did not believe that environmental tobacco smoke (ETS), also known as secondhand smoke, was a cause of lung cancer because his own data did not support this. His view on the issue may have begun to change with our initial studies, carried out at the American Health Foundation, showing that metabolites of the tobacco-specific lung carcinogen 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) were present in the urine of non-smokers exposed to ETS. The metabolites - 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL) and its glucuronides (NNAL-Glucs) - have now emerged as leading biomarkers for the study of carcinogen exposure in non-smokers exposed to ETS. Subsequent work has consistently demonstrated elevated levels of NNAL plus NNAL-Glucs in the urine of people exposed to ETS in various field studies and throughout life. These studies strongly support the epidemiologic data demonstrating that ETS exposure causes lung cancer in non-smokers and have likely had an impact on tobacco control.

Science, politics, and society: a brief history of environmental tobacco smoke.

This article is the second in a series of four providing current, state-of-the-art information about the tobacco problem and how physicians can effectively intervene. It provides an historical perspective of the issues surrounding environmental tobacco smoke in the United States. The remaining three manuscripts in this series offer free continuing medical education credits for physicians via www.pedseducation.org. Please refer to the first article in the April edition of the Delaware Medical Journal and upcoming articles in the June and July issues for further information.