Woman Varayoc of Peruvian Andes.

This study focuses on the importance of the symbolism of social control by the woman as the Varayoc (an office of authority of Incan origin) in a community in the Peruvian Andes. The objective is to explain the survival of the office of the Varayoc-traditionally held exclusively by men-and the acceptance of Andean women to it as a recognition of gender equality. In this field investigation, we interviewed and observed the most important activities of a woman Varayoc administering justice and present in all communal tasks. We conclude that women in the Peruvian Andes are approaching a status of equality with men in their position as the Varayoc, while maintaining the Incan tradition of local governance through the symbolism of the rod of command, which is also called Varayoc. It is evident that more women in the Andean community are interested in assuming political leadership with the symbolism of the ancestral Varayoc.

Native Potato Starch and Tara Gum as Polymeric Matrices to Obtain Iron-Loaded Microcapsules from Ovine and Bovine Erythrocytes.

Iron deficiency leads to ferropenic anemia in humans. This study aimed to encapsulate iron-rich ovine and bovine erythrocytes using tara gum and native potato starch as matrices. Solutions containing 20% erythrocytes and different proportions of encapsulants (5, 10, and 20%) were used, followed by spray drying at 120 and 140 °C. Iron content in erythrocytes ranged between 2.24 and 2.52 mg of Fe/g; microcapsules ranged from 1.54 to 2.02 mg of Fe/g. Yields varied from 50.55 to 63.40%, and temperature and encapsulant proportion affected moisture and water activity. Various red hues, sizes, and shapes were observed in the microcapsules. SEM-EDS analysis revealed the surface presence of iron in microcapsules with openings on their exterior, along with a negative zeta potential. Thermal and infrared analyses confirmed core encapsulation within the matrices. Iron release varied between 92.30 and 93.13% at 120 min. Finally, the most effective treatments were those with higher encapsulant percentages and dried at elevated temperatures, which could enable their utilization in functional food fortification to combat anemia in developing countries.

Corrigendum to "The impact of phonon-assisted tunneling on optical and quantum characteristics of a coupled two-quantum dot system" [Heliyon 9 (8), August 2023 Article e18451].

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18451.].

The impact of phonon-assisted tunneling on optical and quantum characteristics of a coupled two-quantum dot system.

This work investigates the impact of decoherence induced by pure dephasing and phonon-assisted tunneling mechanisms on the optical and quantum properties of two quantum dots. Special attention is given to the density matrix at steady state, and a detailed analysis of populations, coherences, optical transitions and the emission spectrum is performed. Additionally, we study the influence of both phonon-decoherence mechanisms on bipartite entanglement and the degree of mixedness of the system. In particular, our findings indicate that the phonon-assisted tunneling mechanism partially affects the coherences of the system and quantum properties when the imbalance of phonon absorption and emission is significant. Conversely, the pure dephasing mechanism does not affect the populations but strongly entangles the quantum dots and the reservoir, inducing maximally mixed states and significantly reducing the spectral splitting in the emission spectrum of the system.

Bioactive Compounds and Sensory Quality in Chips of Native Potato Clones (Solanum tuberosum spp. andigena) Grown in the High Andean Region of PERU.

Native potatoes (Solanum tuberosum spp. andigena) have diverse pigments and are cultivated in Peru's high Andean regions; they are characterized by containing bioactive compounds that prevent various degenerative diseases. The study aimed to evaluate the physicochemical and sensory quality in chips of native potato clones grown at 3496 m altitude, for which the potatoes were cut into slices and fried in extra virgin olive oil at 180 °C for 200 s. This was determined by proximal analysis, reducing sugars, minerals, color, antioxidant capacity (AC), total phenolic compounds (TPC), and anthocyanins in fresh and chips; an instrumental characterization by FTIR and SEM and sensory tests were also performed. The native potatoes presented low moisture and reduced sugar contents; when frying, their bioactive properties improved, increasing AC, TPC, and trace elements, such as K, Mg, Ca, P, Fe, and Zn. To conclude, fresh clones have high yields in the field and are an essential source of nutrients and bioactive; the salt-free chips of clone B presented better physicochemical properties and greater sensory acceptance, closely followed by clone A. Both clones could be used as raw material by food companies that produce snacks to benefit high Andean agricultural producers.

Nanoencapsulation of Phenolic Extracts from Native Potato Clones (Solanum tuberosum spp. andigena) by Spray Drying.

Native potato clones grown in Peru contain bioactive compounds beneficial to human health. This study aimed to optimize the spray-drying nanoencapsulation of native potato phenolic extracts utilizing a central composite design and response surface methodology, obtaining the optimal treatment to an inlet temperature of 120 °C and an airflow of 141 L/h in the nano spray dryer B-90, which allowed maximizing the yield of encapsulation, antioxidant capacity (DPPH), encapsulation efficiency (EE), total phenolic compounds, and total flavonoids; on the other hand, it allowed minimizing hygroscopicity, water activity (Aw), and moisture. Instrumental characterization of the nanocapsules was also carried out, observing a gain in lightness, reddening of the color, and spherical nanoparticles of heterogeneous size (133.09-165.13 nm) with a negative ζ potential. Thermal, infrared, and morphological analyses confirmed the encapsulation of the core in the wall materials. Furthermore, an in vitro release study of phenolic compounds in an aqueous solution achieved a maximum value of 9.86 mg GAE/g after 12 h. Finally, the obtained nanocapsules could be used in the food and pharmaceutical industry.

Microencapsulation of Propolis and Honey Using Mixtures of Maltodextrin/Tara Gum and Modified Native Potato Starch/Tara Gum.

Ethanolic extracts of propolis and bee honey contain substances beneficial to human health. Mixtures of wall materials were compared in spray-drying microencapsulation of ethanolic extracts of propolis and bee honey rich in bioactive compounds. Maltodextrin and tara gum were used to obtain microencapsulates A, and modified native potato starch and tara gum were used for microencapsulates B. High values of phenolic compounds, flavonoids, and antioxidant capacity were obtained in microcapsules A and B, and the results obtained in terms of encapsulation efficiency, yield, hygroscopicity, solubility, moisture, Aw, bulk density, and color were typical of the spray-drying process. On the other hand, spherical and elliptical microparticles of sizes between 7.83 and 53.7 µm with light and medium stability were observed. Thermogravimetric properties were similar in both microencapsulates; total organic carbon, SEM-EDS, and FTIR analyses corroborated the encapsulation. X-ray diffractogram exhibited amorphous structures, and the release kinetics of phenolic compounds presented high values from 8.13 to 12.58 mg GAE/g between 7 and 13 h. Finally, modified potato starch is a better encapsulant than maltodextrin because it has better core protection and controlled release of the encapsulated bioactive compounds.

Estenosis laringotraqueal posintubación por COVID-19 en dos hospitales / Post-intubation laryngotracheal stenosis due to COVID 19 in two hospitals

Introducción: la infección por COVID-19 ha dejado más 400 millones de personas infectadas hasta la fecha, y entre un 10 %-15 % requiere intubación orotraqueal. Esto ha desencadenado una ola de secuelas en la vía aérea a largo plazo, que han aumentado la morbimortalidad posinfecciosa. El objetivo de este trabajo fue describir las características demográficas, clínicas y los posibles factores de riesgo de los pacientes con estenosis laringotraqueal (ELT) posintubación por COVID-19 en el Hospital Universitario Clínica San Rafael y el Hospital Militar Central en Bogotá, Colombia. Materiales y métodos: estudio observacional descriptivo de serie de casos retrospectiva que recolectó datos sociodemográficos, comorbilidades, tiempos de intubación, características de estenosis, resultados de estudios endoscópicos, manejos ofrecidos y resultados. Resultados: se registraron 25 pacientes, 15 hombres (60 %) y 10 mujeres (40 %), con tiempos de intubación promedio de 15,7 días. Los subsitios más comprometidos fueron la tráquea (68,2 %) y la subglotis-tráquea (22,7%). La mayoría de pacientes requirió más de una intervención. La dilatación con balón y traqueostomía fueron los procedimientos más realizados. Conclusiones: la ELT es una complicación de la intubación orotraqueal que, asociada con la vasculitis, inflamación y necrosis coagulativa de la vía aérea, ha aumentado en los casos de infección grave por COVID-19

Introduction: COVID-19 infection has left more than 400 million people infected to date, and between 10%-15% require orotracheal intubation. This has triggered a wave of long-term airway sequelae, which have increased post-infectious morbidity and mortality. Objectives: To describe the demographic and clinical characteristics and possible risk factors of patients with laryngotracheal stenosis (LTE) post-intuba-tion by COVID19 at the Hospital Universitario Clínica San Rafael and the Hospital Militar Central in Bogotá, Colombia. Methods: Descriptive observational study of retrospective case series, collecting socio-demographic data, comorbidities, intu-bation times, stenosis characteristics, results of endoscopic studies, management offered and results. Results: 25 patients were collected, 15 men (60%) and 10 wo-men (40%), with average intubation times of 15.7 days. The most compromised subsites were the trachea (68.2%) and subglottis-trachea (22.7%). Most patients re-quired more than one intervention. Balloon dilation and tracheostomy were the most performed procedures. Conclusions: LTE is a complication of orotracheal intuba-tion, associated with vasculitis, inflammation and coagulative necrosis of the airway, has increased in cases in severe COVID-19 infection.

The native potato, a symbol of macho expression in the Quechua culture of Peru.

The present field research focuses on the native potato varieties, Wira pasña and Llumchuy waqachi, cultivated in the Peruvian highlands at roughly 4,000 m above sea level. The objective is to analyze the macho essence of the names assigned to the native potato, names that represent the social manifestation of women in Quechua culture. Participant observation and interviews about the different daily activities of the participants facilitated the research on the macho essence of the names of the native potato in the Quechua culture. The preponderant Quechua oral sources in the Peruvian Andes did not allow us to identify exactly how names associated with the macho way of social life were assigned to the native potatoes.

The spectacle of feminism and machismo in two Peruvian cumbia singers: Marisol and Tony Rosado.

The objective of this research is to analyze and interpret the entertainment section of the most important media in Peru, concentrated on two private companies: Grupo La República and Grupo El Comercio, with great journalistic dominance of national information. The entertainment section is as old as the foundation of the newspapers themselves. The method of analysis with qualitative documents has allowed us to reach the conclusion that the fight for gender equality promoted by the government is a spectacle for the national press. The entertainment section of the Peruvian press has exposed the private lives of representative characters such as the singers Marisol, "La Faraona de la Cumbia" and Tony Rosado, "El Ruiseñor de la Cumbia", from there the differences in feminism tolerated in Marisol and machismo censored in Rosado are popularized. It is concluded that the exposure of the struggle for gender equality is entertainment news where machismo and feminism are underhandedly justified with the parameter established with these public figures, that is, Peruvian cumbia singer-songwriters, and that offers evidence of the tolerance to the feminine voice that incites machismo, justifies the mistreatment of men and makes the male complaint a synonym of cowardice.

Characterization of commensal Escherichia coli isolates from slaughtered sheep in Mexico.

INTRODUCTION: Commensal Escherichia coli is defined as bacteria without known virulence factors that could be playing a specific role in some diseases; however, they could be responsible to disseminate antimicrobial resistance genes to other microorganisms. This study aimed to characterize the commensal E. coli isolates obtained from slaughtered sheep in the central region of Mexico. METHODOLOGY: Isolates were classified as commensal E. coli when distinctive genes related to diarrheagenic pathotypes (stx1, stx2, eae, bfp, LT, stp, ipaH, and aggR) were discarded by PCR. Identification of serotype, phylogenetic group, and antimicrobial resistance was also performed. RESULTS: A total of 41 isolates were characterized. The phylogenetic groups found were B1 in 37 isolates (90.2%), A in 2 (4.8%), and 1 isolate (2.4%) for C and D groups. Serotypes associated with diarrhea in humans (O104:H2 and O154:NM) and hemolytic uremic syndrome (O8:NM) were detected. Thirty-three isolates (80%) were resistant to ceftazidime, 23 (56%), to tetracycline 8 (19.5%) to ampicillin, and 1 to amikacin. Six isolates (14.6%) were multidrug-resistant. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides new information about commensal E. coli in slaughtered sheep, high percentages of resistance to antibiotics, and different profiles of antimicrobial resistance were found, their dissemination constitute a risk factor towards the consuming population.

Importancia del sitio de terminación de la vena cefálica del antebrazo / Importance of the cephalic antebrachial vein termination site

RESUMEN: Las venas superficiales de la fosa cubital se han estudiado con varios fines, venopunciones, cateterismos, fístulas, entre otros. Se han descrito varios patrones venosos en esta región en diferentes poblaciones. En uno de estos la vena cefálica termina en la vena basílica a nivel del antebrazo generando posibles riesgos de lesiones durante la canalización. En el presente estudio se evaluaron 200 miembros superiores de 100 personas colombianas, 50 mujeres y 50 hombres, 70 de ellas nacidas en la ciudad de Bucaramanga y 30 en la ciudad de Villavicencio. Se registró el número de venas cefálicas y su sitio de terminación, en el brazo o antebrazo. El patrón venoso que predominó en ambos miembros superiores fue el tipo I. El patrón IV en el cual la vena cefálica termina en la vena basílica se presentó en 12 casos (6 %) en el miembro superior derecho y en 17 casos (8,5 %) en el miembro superior izquierdo. Se encontró dos venas cefálicas entre el 13 % y 13,5 % dependiendo del lado y tres venas cefálicas entre el 1 % y 2 %. Conocer esta particularidad de los patrones venosos podría disminuir el riesgo de complicaciones durante la venopunción.

SUMMARY: The superficial veins of the ulnar fossa have been studied for various purposes, venipuncture, catheterization, fistulae, among others. Various venous patterns have been described in this region in different populations. In one of these, the cephalic vein ends in the basilic vein at the level of the forearm, generating possible risks of injury during cannulation. In the present study, 200 upper limbs of 100 Colombians, 50 women and 50 men, were evaluated, 70 of them born in the city of Bucaramanga and 30 in the city of Villavicencio. The number of cephalic veins and their termination site, on the arm or forearm, were recorded. The venous pattern that predominated in both upper limbs was type I. Pattern IV in which the cephalic vein ends in the basilic vein occurred in 12 cases (6 %) in the right upper limb and in 17 cases (8.5 %) in the left upper limb. Two cephalic veins were found between 13 % and 13.5 % depending on the side and three cephalic veins between 1 % and 2 %. Knowing this particularity of venous patterns could reduce the risk of complications during venipuncture.

Adenocarcinoma de colon sigmoide metastásico en paciente joven de presentación atípica: reporte de caso / An atypical presentation of metastatic sigmoid colon adenocarcinoma in a young patient: case report

El adenocarcinoma colorrectal es la tercera causa de muerte por cáncer en mujeres y la cuarta en hombres a nivel mundial. Se diagnostica en su mayoría en pacientes mayores a los 50 años, siendo la edad media al momento del diagnóstico los 72 años. A pesar eso, se estima que en los próximos años aumentará la incidencia en personas jóvenes y de mediana edad. Debido a esta proyección y considerando que la ausencia de signos y síntomas específicos no permite un diagnóstico oportuno, se hacen necesarias la sensibilización clínica y un alto índice de sospecha en las presentaciones atípicas. Se presenta el caso de una paciente joven que consulta por un cuadro de un mes de síntomas respiratorios quien, después de tratamiento antibiótico, antiviral e inmunomodulador sistémico, presenta sepsis de origen abdominal por peritonitis de cuatro cuadrantes secundaria a perforación de colon sigmoide debida a adenocarcinoma bien diferenciado, metastásico a pulmón, que la llevó a la muerte

Colorectal adenocarcinoma is the third leading cause of cancer death in women and the fourth in men worldwide. It is diagnosed mostly in patients older than 50 years, being 72 years the mean age at diagnosis. Despite this, it is estimated that the incidence in young and middle-aged people will increase in the coming years. Due to this projection and considering that the absence of specific signs and symptoms does not allow a timely diagnosis, clinical sensitization and a high index of suspicion are necessary in atypical presentations. We present the case of a young female patient who consulted for a one-month history of respiratory symptoms who, after treatment with antibio-tic, antiviral and systemic immunomodulatory agents, presented sepsis of abdominal origin due to four-quadrant peritonitis secondary to perforation of the sigmoid colon due to adenocarcinoma well differentiated, metastatic to the lung, which led to her death

Reactivation of Chagas disease after autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation

Abstract Chagas disease (CD) is a protozoan zoonosis caused by Trypanosoma cruzi. Reactivation of CD occurs via drug-induced immunosuppression before and during transplantation. Here, we report the case of a 62-year-old man diagnosed with classic Hodgkin lymphoma who received highly aggressive conditioning chemotherapy before undergoing stem cell transplantation (SCT). The patient tested positive for CD in pre-transplantation evaluation. The patient exhibited persistent fever and elevated C-reactive protein levels before and after SCT, and was treated with antibiotics. Micro-Strout test showed evidence of trypomastigotes and he was treated with benznidazole until tested negative. Post-transplantation seropositive patients should be screened for possible reactivation.

Reactivation of Chagas disease after autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

Chagas disease (CD) is a protozoan zoonosis caused by Trypanosoma cruzi. Reactivation of CD occurs via drug-induced immunosuppression before and during transplantation. Here, we report the case of a 62-year-old man diagnosed with classic Hodgkin lymphoma who received highly aggressive conditioning chemotherapy before undergoing stem cell transplantation (SCT). The patient tested positive for CD in pre-transplantation evaluation. The patient exhibited persistent fever and elevated C-reactive protein levels before and after SCT, and was treated with antibiotics. Micro-Strout test showed evidence of trypomastigotes and he was treated with benznidazole until tested negative. Post-transplantation seropositive patients should be screened for possible reactivation.

Descripción anatómica del arco venoso dorsal de la mano en una muestra de población de Bucaramanga, Colombia / Anatomical description of the dorsal venous arch of the hand in a population sample of Bucaramanga, Colombia

Se estudió el arco venoso dorsal de la mano (AVD) en una muestra de la población de Bucaramanga en 54 mujeres y 50 hombres. Las variables estudiadas en el AVD fueron: número de venas que lo forman, número de venas que recorren su interior, presencia de una vena que forme su parte lateral y medial, conformación cerrada o discontinua del AVD, si la vena metacarpiana del primer dedo se unía al AVD y contribuía a la formación de la vena cefálica, si la vena metacarpiana del quinto dedo se unía al AVD y contribuía a la formación de la vena basílica. También se revisó la concordancia entre la vena que escogían dos observadores independientes, como la más adecuada para venopunción. La comparación con los textos clásicos de anatomía evidenció concordancia en que cerca de la cabeza de los metacarpianos se forman venas metacarpianas dorsales, pero, no siempre estas venas se unen de forma completa para formar un "arco venoso cerrado" como lo describen los esquemas de la mayoría de los autores. Sólo un 41,8 % fueron AVD cerrados. Las venas metacarpianas del primer y del quinto dedo se unieron al AVD en un 44,23 % y un 89,42 % respectivamente. Este dato, sumado al hecho de que en el primer y quinto dedos pueden existir más de una vena que drene su sangre, las cuales no siempre se unen al AVD, ayudan a explicar la razón de porqué en otros estudios se describe ausencia de venas cefálica o basílica o presencia de varias venas cefálicas que permiten la formación de ciertos patrones de la fosa cubital. Se encontró concordancia del 78,85 % en cuanto a la vena escogida para posible venopunción y en el análisis bivariado, hubo asociación estadística de esta concordancia al cruzarla con el número de venas que recorren el interior del AVD.

The dorsal venous arch of the hand (AVD) was studied in a sample of the Bucaramanga population of 54 women and 50 men. The variables studied in the AVD were: Number of veins that form it, number of veins that run through its interior, presence of a vein that forms its lateral and medial part, closed or discontinuous conformation of the AVD, if the metacarpal vein of the first finger joined the AVD and contributed to the formation of the cephalic vein, if the metacarpal vein of the fifth finger joined the ADL and contributed to the formation of the basilic vein. The concordance between the vein chosen by two independent observers was also reviewed, as the most suitable for venipuncture. The comparison with the classic anatomy texts showed concordance in which dorsal metacarpal veins are formed near the metacarpal head, but these veins do not always unite completely to form a "closed venous arch" as described in metacarpal diagrams by most authors. Only 41.8 % were closed AVD. The metacarpal veins of the first and fifth toes joined the AVD in 44.23 % and 89.42 % respectively. This fact, in addition that in the first and fifth fingers, there may be more than one vein draining the blood, which do not always bind to the AVD, helps explain the reason other studies describe absence of cephalic veins, basilica or presence of several cephalic veins that allow the formation of certain patterns of the cubital fossa. There was 78.85 % agreement regarding the vein chosen for possible venipuncture and in the bivariate analysis, there was a statistical association of this concordance when crossing it with the number of veins that run through the interior of the AVD.

Elementos morfológicos implicados en la enseñanza de las competencias para lograr una adecuada venopunción periférica / Morphological elements involved in the teaching of competences to achieve adequate peripheral venipuncture

RESUMEN: La venopunción periférica es un procedimiento muy común y necesario para la administración de múltiples sustancias. Cada enfermero(a) debe recibir la capacitación en varios aspectos que le permitan adquirir la competencia de realizar una venopunción segura. Uno de los elementos de mayor relevancia se relaciona con la anatomía aplicada, particularmente con la descripción de varios patrones de organización de las venas superficiales del antebrazo y su relación con estructuras neurovasculares cercanas. Los patrones de acuerdo a su distribución, podrían jugar a favor o en contra de las complicaciones durante o después de la punción. En este artículo describimos las respuestas de docentes de las escuelas de Enfermería de varias regiones de Colombia frente a la enseñanza de estos temas anatómicos. Sobresale el hecho que solamente en el 56,5 % de la escuela de Enfermería se realiza la enseñanza completa de los conceptos anatómicos que servirán para mejorar la seguridad del paciente en el momento de una venopunción periférica.

SUMMARY: Peripheral venipuncture is a very common and necessary procedure for the administration of multiple substances. Each Nurse must receive training in several aspects that allows him/her to acquire the competence to perform a safe venipuncture. One of the most relevant elements is related to applied anatomy, particularly with the description of various organization patterns of the superficial veins of the forearm, and their relation to nearby neurovascular structures. These patterns according to their distribution, could play for, or against complications during or after puncture. In this article, we describe the responses of teachers from the Nursing Schools of several regions of Colombia while teaching these anatomical subjects. It is noteworthy, that only 56,5 % of Nursing Schools included complete instruction of anatomical concepts that improve patient safety at the time of a peripheral venipuncture. Therefore, nearly 50 % of students do not receive information on updated anatomical terminology.

Hemolytic uremic syndrome atypical after kidney transplantation: a case report and literature review / Síndrome hemolítico urémico atípico posterior a trasplante renal: presentación de un caso y revisión de la literatura

Abstract Haemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) is a clinical entity characterized by the appearance of non-immune hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia and acute renal failure. It is a disease belonging to the group of thrombotic microangiopathy (MAT) which are part of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura also (PTT) and some other MAT associated with other medical conditions formerly known as secondary MAT. Moreover, the variety known as atypical HUS (aHUS) is an ultra-orphan disease that frequently progresses to chronic renal failure (CRF) and is associated with high morbidity and mortality if not properly treated. If a patient presents its first clinical manifestation of aHUS later receive a cadaveric renal transplant which not only makes it an even more exotic case but involves more complexity in their management is presented.

Resumen El síndrome hemolítico urémico (SHU) es una entidad clínica caracterizada por la aparición de anemia hemolítica no inmune, trombocitopenia e insuficiencia renal aguda. Se trata de una enfermedad perteneciente al grupo de las microangiopatías trombóticas (MAT) de la que hacen parte también la purpura trombocitopénica trombótica (PTT) y algunas otras MAT asociadas a otras condiciones médicas antes conocidas como MAT secundarias. Por otra parte, la variedad conocida como SHU atípico (SHUa) es una patología ultra-huérfana que frecuentemente evoluciona a insuficiencia renal crónica (IRC) y se asocia con elevada morbi-mortalidad si no recibe el tratamiento adecuado. Se examina el caso de un paciente que presenta su primera manifestación clínica de síndrome hemolítico urémico atípico después de trasplante renal cadavérico lo cual no solo lo hace un caso aún más exótico, sino que implica mayor complejidad en su manejo.

Respuesta de cicatrización ósea y tejidos blandos en osteotomías de terceros molares incluidos / Soft tissues and bone healing response in impacted third molar osteotomies

Objetivo: Determinar las diferencias en la cicatrización ósea y tejidos blandos en el maxilar inferior de pacientes sometidos a exodoncia de terceros molares incluidos después de la utilización del instrumental rotatorio de alta y baja velocidad. Material y métodos: Estudio de intervención tipo ensayo clínico cruzado, se efectuaron 40 extracciones dentarias (derechas e izquierdas) en 20 pacientes sanos bajo anestesia local, para lo que se formaron dos grupos: en el grupo I se utilizó la pieza de alta velocidad y en el grupo 2 la pieza de baja velocidad; se registró en una ficha el tiempo empleado en cada paciente y los datos clínicos preoperatorios y postoperatorios con relación a la inflamación, dolor, limitación de la apertura, cicatrización ósea y cambios periodontales a nivel de órganos dentarios adyacentes. Resultados: Existen diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre dolor, tiempo quirúrgico y en la profundidad al sondaje entre la pieza de alta y baja velocidad siendo la pieza de baja la que genera menor agresión a los tejidos blandos. Conclusiones: El adecuado empleo de la pieza de baja velocidad permite una reducción del tiempo quirúrgico proporcionando una mejor evolución postoperatoria a los pacientes.

Objective: To determine differences between bone healing and soft tissues in the lower jaw of patients subjected to impacted third molar extraction after using a high and low speed rotary devices. Material and methods: Crossed clinical assay-type intervention study. Under local anesthsesia, forty tooth extractions were performed (right and left) from 20 healthy patients. Two groups were thus formed: in group 1 high speed hand-piece was used, in group 2, low speed hand-piece was employed. Index cards were used to record time devoted to each patient as well as preoperative and postoperative clinical data related to inflammation, pain, opening limitations, bone healing and periodontal changes in the adjacent teeth. Results: When comparing high and low speed hand-pieces, statistically significant differences were found between pain, surgical time and probing depth; it was observed that low speed hand-piece generated lesser aggression to soft tissues. Conclusions: Accurate use of low speed hand-pieces allows a decrease of surgical time thus providing the patients with more suitable postoperative evolution.