Pericapsular Hip Block Guided by Ultrasonography in Elderly People with Hip Fracture in the Emergency Sector: Clinical Trial.

Objectives This study evaluated pain intensity in elderly subjects with hip fractures admitted to the emergency sector and undergoing preoperative pericapsular nerve group (PENG) block. Additionally, the degree of tolerable hip flexion was assessed. Methods A prospective, randomized, and controlled clinical trial with parallel groups. The control group consisted of elderly subjects with hip fractures undergoing standardized intravenous systemic analgesia. The intervention group consisted of elderly patients with hip fractures undergoing PENG block and standardized systemic analgesia. The groups were evaluated at rest and during movement using the Pain Assessment in Advanced Dementia (PAINAD) scale. We determined pain intensity and reduction, in addition to the degree of tolerable flexion of the fractured hip. All patient assessments occurred before the medication or block administration and at 45 minutes, 12, 24, and 36 hours postmedication or block. Results Preoperatively and 24 hours after PENG block, elderly subjects with hip fracture showed a significant reduction in pain at rest or movement compared to control patients ( p < 0.05), with 60% of patients assessed at rest demonstrating desirable pain reduction (≥50%) and only 13.3% of the control group achieving the desired pain reduction. During movement, after undergoing PENG block, 40% of subjects demonstrated the desired pain reduction and no patient from the control group. The intervention group also showed a significant improvement in the tolerable hip flexion group ( p < 0.05). Conclusion Preoperative PENG block in elderly subjects with hip fractures admitted to the emergency sector provided a significant reduction in pain compared with the control group.

Clinical and cytogenetic profile of Fanconi anemia diagnosed after implementation of mitomycin C cytogenetic test in the state of Pernambuco, Brazil

ABSTRACT Introduction: Fanconi anemia (FA) is a rare autosomal recessive disease characterized by chromosomal instability and increased predisposition to malignancy. The diagnosis of FA requires clinical evaluation, confirmation of chromosomal fragility and/or analysis of genetic mutations. Therefore, this study aims to identify the clinical profile of patients with FA in the state of Pernambuco, Brazil. Method: We analyzed 100 individuals referred from the major hematology and bone marrow (BM) transplant centers in the state of Pernambuco, Brazil, between the years 2018 and 2022. The diagnosis of FA was performed using the mitomycin C chromosomal fragility test, clinical data and classical and molecular cytogenetic analyses. Results: We enrolled a total of 16 patients with FA to comprise this study. Most of these individuals (87.5%) came from the Agreste and Sertão regions of Pernambuco. We observed a slight female prevalence of FA (1.3:1). The primary clinical and laboratory findings were café au lait spots (62.5%) and bone abnormalities (53%, mainly thumb deformities [40%]). We performed BM cytogenetic analysis for eight patients - seven showed no chromosomal abnormalities and one presented the karyotype 47,XY,+21 [15]. Conclusions: Our results are important to promote public health measures for the early diagnosis of FA, as well as to foster the engagement of a multidisciplinary group in the treatment of this disease.

Pericapsular Hip Block Guided by Ultrasonography in Elderly People with Hip Fracture in the Emergency Sector: Clinical Trial / Bloqueio pericapsular do quadril guiado por ultrassonografia em idosos com fratura do quadril no setor de emergência: Ensaio clínico

Abstract Objectives This study evaluated pain intensity in elderly subjects with hip fractures admitted to the emergency sector and undergoing preoperative pericapsular nerve group (PENG) block. Additionally, the degree of tolerable hip flexion was assessed. Methods A prospective, randomized, and controlled clinical trial with parallel groups. The control group consisted of elderly subjects with hip fractures undergoing standardized intravenous systemic analgesia. The intervention group consisted of elderly patients with hip fractures undergoing PENG block and standardized systemic analgesia. The groups were evaluated at rest and during movement using the Pain Assessment in Advanced Dementia (PAINAD) scale. We determined pain intensity and reduction, in addition to the degree of tolerable flexion of the fractured hip. All patient assessments occurred before the medication or block administration and at 45 minutes, 12, 24, and 36 hours postmedication or block. Results Preoperatively and 24 hours after PENG block, elderly subjects with hip fracture showed a significant reduction in pain at rest or movement compared to control patients (p< 0.05), with 60% of patients assessed at rest demonstrating desirable pain reduction (≥50%) and only 13.3% of the control group achieving the desired pain reduction. During movement, after undergoing PENG block, 40% of subjects demonstrated the desired pain reduction and no patient from the control group. The intervention group also showed a significant improvement in the tolerable hip flexion group (p< 0.05). Conclusion Preoperative PENG block in elderly subjects with hip fractures admitted to the emergency sector provided a significant reduction in pain compared with the control group.

Resumo Objetivos Este estudo avaliou a intensidade da dor em idosos acometidos por fratura do quadril internados no setor de emergência e submetidos ao Pericapsular Nerve Group (PENG) block no pré-operatório. Ademais, o grau de flexão tolerável do quadril foi avaliado. Métodos Ensaio clínico, prospectivo, aleatorizado e controlado em grupos paralelos. O grupo controle consiste em idosos com fratura do quadril, submetidos à analgesia sistêmica endovenosa padronizada. O grupo intervenção consiste em idosos com fratura do quadril submetidos ao PENG block e analgesia sistêmica padronizada. Os grupos foram avaliados em repouso e durante o movimento pela escala de dor Pain Assessment in Advance Dementia (PAINAD). Aferiram-se intensidade da dor e redução álgica, assim como o grau de flexão tolerável do quadril fraturado. Todos os pacientes foram avaliados previamente à administração de medicação ou bloqueio e aos 45 minutos, 12, 24 e 36 horas pós-medicação ou bloqueio. Resultados No pré-operatório e 24 horas após o PENG block, idosos com fratura do quadril apresentaram redução significativa da dor em repouso ou movimento em comparação com o controle (p< 0,05), com 60% dos pacientes avaliados em repouso, demonstrando a redução álgica desejável de ≥ 50% e apenas 13,3% do grupo controle com redução álgica desejável. Durante o movimento, após o PENG block, 40% demonstraram redução álgica desejada e nenhum paciente do grupo controle apresentou a redução desejada. Verificou-se, também, no grupo intervenção a melhora significativa da flexão tolerável do quadril (p < 0,05). Conclusão O PENG block no pré-operatório de idosos com fratura do quadril, internados no setor de emergência, proporcionou redução significativa da dor em comparação ao grupo controle.

Clinical and cytogenetic profile of Fanconi anemia diagnosed after implementation of mitomycin C cytogenetic test in the state of Pernambuco, Brazil.

INTRODUCTION: Fanconi anemia (FA) is a rare autosomal recessive disease characterized by chromosomal instability and increased predisposition to malignancy. The diagnosis of FA requires clinical evaluation, confirmation of chromosomal fragility and/or analysis of genetic mutations. Therefore, this study aims to identify the clinical profile of patients with FA in the state of Pernambuco, Brazil. METHOD: We analyzed 100 individuals referred from the major hematology and bone marrow (BM) transplant centers in the state of Pernambuco, Brazil, between the years 2018 and 2022. The diagnosis of FA was performed using the mitomycin C chromosomal fragility test, clinical data and classical and molecular cytogenetic analyses. RESULTS: We enrolled a total of 16 patients with FA to comprise this study. Most of these individuals (87.5%) came from the Agreste and Sertão regions of Pernambuco. We observed a slight female prevalence of FA (1.3:1). The primary clinical and laboratory findings were café au lait spots (62.5%) and bone abnormalities (53%, mainly thumb deformities [40%]). We performed BM cytogenetic analysis for eight patients - seven showed no chromosomal abnormalities and one presented the karyotype 47,XY,+21 [15]. CONCLUSIONS: Our results are important to promote public health measures for the early diagnosis of FA, as well as to foster the engagement of a multidisciplinary group in the treatment of this disease.

Estresse e estratégias de enfrentamento em crianças e adolescentes em acolhimento institucional em casas lares / Stress and coping strategies in sheltered children and adolescents / Estrés y estrategias de enfrentamiento en niños y adolescentes en acogimiento institucional en casas lares

O estresse infantil está relacionado com a falta de repertório da criança e do adolescente para lidar com situações que causam irritação ou medo. Embora o acolhimento institucional temporário seja uma medida de proteção prevista pelo Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente (ECA), também é fonte causadora de mudanças significativas na vida dessas pessoas, que, para lidar com esses eventos, utilizam estratégias de enfrentamento a fim de regular suas ações sob estresse. Esta pesquisa foi realizada com o objetivo de descrever o estresse e as estratégias de enfrentamento utilizadas por crianças e adolescentes acolhidos em casas lares. Participaram 4 crianças e 11 adolescentes, com idades entre 8 e 17 anos e 11 meses, em situação de acolhimento institucional em uma cidade do interior de São Paulo. Além da caracterização sociodemográfica dos participantes, foram utilizados os seguintes instrumentos: Escala de Stress Infantil (ESI), Escala de Stress Adolescente (ESA) e entrevista semiestruturada para identificação das estratégias de enfrentamento. Os resultados indicaram que o tempo de acolhimento dos participantes é superior aos dois anos determinados pela legislação, que os níveis de estresse foram baixos para os participantes, sendo menores para aqueles acolhidos há mais tempo, e que as principais estratégias de enfrentamento utilizadas foram a busca por apoio e a oposição. Recomendam-se outros estudos, considerando que o vínculo afetivo estabelecido entre as crianças e adolescentes com os funcionários mais próximos aparenta colaborar positivamente no uso de estratégia de coping adaptativo e o acolhimento de crianças e adolescentes é um possível fator protetor contra o estresse.(AU)

Childhood stress is related to the lack of repertory on the part of children and adolescents in dealing with situations that cause anger or fear. Although a protective action provided for by the Child and Adolescent Statute (ECA), temporary shelters can cause significant changes in the lives of these people, who adopt a series of coping strategies to regulate their actions under stress. This research aimed to describe stress and coping strategies adopted by sheltered children and adolescents. The study was conducted with four children and 11 adolescents aged between eight and 17 years and 11 months who were living in a shelter in the countryside of São Paulo. Data comprised the sociodemographic characteristics of participants and the coping strategies employed by them, collected using the following instruments: the Child Stress Scale (ESI), the Adolescent Stress Scale (ESA), and a semi-structured interview. The results indicate that participants' stay within the shelter exceed the two years determined by the legislation. Participants also presented low stress levels, especially those sheltered longer. Moreover, support seeking and opposition were the main coping strategies adopted. Considering that the affective bond established between sheltered children and adolescents with the closest employees seems to corroborate in the use of adaptive coping strategies and that shelter may be a stress protective factor, further studies addressing the theme are suggested.(AU)

El estrés infantil está relacionado con la falta de repertorio de niños y adolescentes al enfrentar situaciones que le causan ira o miedo. Aunque el albergue es una medida de protección disponible por el Estatuto de Niños y Adolescentes (ECA), puede causar cambios significativos en la vida de estas personas, y para hacer frente a estos eventos, se utilizan estrategias de enfrentamiento para regular sus acciones bajo estrés. Esta investigación pretende describir el estrés y las estrategias de enfrentamiento utilizadas por los niños y adolescentes acogidos. Participaron cuatro niños y 11 adolescentes, con edades de entre 8 y 17 años y 11 meses, que viven en situación de albergue en una ciudad del estado de São Paulo. Además de la caracterización sociodemográfica de los participantes, se utilizaron los siguientes instrumentos: la Escala de Estrés Infantil (ESI), la Escala de Stress para Adolescente (ESA) y una entrevista semiestructurada para identificar estrategias de enfrentamiento. Los resultados indicaron que los participantes permanecieron más tiempo en el albergue que los dos años según lo determinado por la legislación, que los niveles de estrés fueron bajos para los participantes y menores para los que estuvieron más tiempo acogidos y que las principales estrategias de supervivencia fueron la búsqueda de apoyo y la oposición. Se recomiendan otros estudios, considerando que el vínculo afectivo establecido de los niños y adolescentes con los empleados más cercanos parece colaborar positivamente en el uso de una estrategia de coping adaptativa, y que el acogimiento institucional puede ser un factor protectivo de estrés.(AU)

Identification of patterns for increasing production with decision trees in sugarcane mill data

Sugarcane mills in Brazil collect a vast amount of data relating to production on an annual basis. The analysis of this type of database is complex, especially when factors relating to varieties, climate, detailed management techniques, and edaphic conditions are taken into account. The aim of this paper was to perform a decision tree analysis of a detailed database from a production unit and to evaluate the actionable patterns found in terms of their usefulness for increasing production. The decision tree revealed interpretable patterns relating to sugarcane yield (R2 = 0.617), certain of which were actionable and had been previously studied and reported in the literature. Based on two actionable patterns relating to soil chemistry, intervention which will increase production by almost 2 % were suitable for recommendation. The method was successful in reproducing the knowledge of experts of the factors which influence sugarcane yield, and the decision trees can support the decision-making process in the context of production and the formulation of hypotheses for specific experiments.

Identification of patterns for increasing production with decision trees in sugarcane mill data

Sugarcane mills in Brazil collect a vast amount of data relating to production on an annual basis. The analysis of this type of database is complex, especially when factors relating to varieties, climate, detailed management techniques, and edaphic conditions are taken into account. The aim of this paper was to perform a decision tree analysis of a detailed database from a production unit and to evaluate the actionable patterns found in terms of their usefulness for increasing production. The decision tree revealed interpretable patterns relating to sugarcane yield (R2 = 0.617), certain of which were actionable and had been previously studied and reported in the literature. Based on two actionable patterns relating to soil chemistry, intervention which will increase production by almost 2 % were suitable for recommendation. The method was successful in reproducing the knowledge of experts of the factors which influence sugarcane yield, and the decision trees can support the decision-making process in the context of production and the formulation of hypotheses for specific experiments.(AU)

Microenvironments in swine farrowing rooms: the thermal, lighting, and acoustic environments of sows and piglets

The present research hypothesized that the thermal, lighting and acoustic environments in commercial swine farrowing rooms vary over time and from crate to crate. This study was conducted on 27 replicates in two commercial farrowing rooms in North Central Indiana, each equipped with 60 farrowing crates. Temperature, relative humidity, light intensity, sound intensity, and air velocity were continuously monitored and estimated for each crate at the sow level, for 48 h post-farrowing, which is usually a critical period for piglet survivability. Average daily temperature for all the crates in Room 1 was 24.1 ± 2.0 °C, 1.0 °C lower (p 0.05) than in Room 2. Although the overall mean temperature was similar between rooms and seasons, frequency distribution diagrams revealed that the proportion of time spent within distinct limits of mean daily temperature ranged from 15.0 °C to 28.0 °C and varied substantially between rooms and seasons. Similar results were found for all variables measured in this study. Differences in temperature, relative humidity, light intensity, air velocity, and sound intensity in crates were as high as 9.6 °C, 57 %, 3,847.3 Lx, 0.87 m s1, and 38.7 dBC, respectively, in the same farrowing room when measured at the same instant. The results of the present research indicate that aspects that go beyond the physical environment of the sows, such as thermal, lighting, and acoustic environment can vary substantially over time and between crates of automatically climate controlled farrowing rooms. These differences should be taken into consideration in production setting and research.

Microenvironments in swine farrowing rooms: the thermal, lighting, and acoustic environments of sows and piglets

The present research hypothesized that the thermal, lighting and acoustic environments in commercial swine farrowing rooms vary over time and from crate to crate. This study was conducted on 27 replicates in two commercial farrowing rooms in North Central Indiana, each equipped with 60 farrowing crates. Temperature, relative humidity, light intensity, sound intensity, and air velocity were continuously monitored and estimated for each crate at the sow level, for 48 h post-farrowing, which is usually a critical period for piglet survivability. Average daily temperature for all the crates in Room 1 was 24.1 ± 2.0 °C, 1.0 °C lower (p 0.05) than in Room 2. Although the overall mean temperature was similar between rooms and seasons, frequency distribution diagrams revealed that the proportion of time spent within distinct limits of mean daily temperature ranged from 15.0 °C to 28.0 °C and varied substantially between rooms and seasons. Similar results were found for all variables measured in this study. Differences in temperature, relative humidity, light intensity, air velocity, and sound intensity in crates were as high as 9.6 °C, 57 %, 3,847.3 Lx, 0.87 m s1, and 38.7 dBC, respectively, in the same farrowing room when measured at the same instant. The results of the present research indicate that aspects that go beyond the physical environment of the sows, such as thermal, lighting, and acoustic environment can vary substantially over time and between crates of automatically climate controlled farrowing rooms. These differences should be taken into consideration in production setting and research.(AU)

Preoperative planning of primary total hip arthroplasty using conventional radiographs / Planejamento pré-operatório de artroplastias totais primárias de quadril com o uso de radiogra fi as convencionais

OBJECTIVE: the objective of this study was to present an analog method for preoperative planning of primary total hip arthroplasty procedures based on measuring the components by overlaying the transparencies of the prosthesis on the preoperative radiographs and checking the accuracy, both for predicting the size of the acetabular and femoral components used and for restoring the offset and correcting the dysmetria. METHODS: between March 2005 and July 2009, 56 primary total hip arthroplasty procedures performed on 56 patients at the Mario Covas State Hospital in Santo André were analyzed. The measurements on the femoral and acetabular components obtained through planning were compared with those that were used in the surgery. The offsets measured through the preoperative planning were compared with those measured on the postoperative radiographs. Dysmetria was evaluated before and after the operation. RESULTS: accuracy of 78.6% (p < 0.001) in predicting the size of the acetabular component and 82.2% (p < 0.001) in predicting the femoral nail was observed. The offsets measured through preoperative planning were statistically similar to the offsets measured on the postoperative radiographs. After the operation, we observed absolute equalization in 48.2% of the cases. In 87.5%, the dysmetria was less than or equal to 1 cm and in 69.6%, it was less than or equal to 0.5 cm. CONCLUSIONS: the accuracy was 78.6% and 82.2%, respectively, for the acetabular and femoral components. The offsets that were planned preoperatively were statistically similar to those measured on postoperative radiographs. We found absolute equalization in 48.2% of the cases...

OBJETIVOS: apresentar um método analógico de planejamento pré-operatório de artroplastias totais primárias de quadril baseado na medida dos componentes pela sobreposição das transparências da prótese sobre a radiografia pré-operatória. E verificar a acurácia, tanto na previsão do tamanho do componente acetabular e do componente femoral usado como na restauração do offset e na correção das dismetrias. MÉTODOS: entre março de 2005 e julho de 2009 foram analisadas 56 artroplastias totais pri- márias de quadril feitas em 56 pacientes no Hospital Estadual Mário Covas. As medidas dos componentes femorais e acetabulares obtidas no planejamento foram comparadas com as que foram usadas na cirurgia. Os offset medidos no planejamento pré-operatório foram comparados com os medidos na radiografia pós-operatória. A dismetria foi avaliada nos momentos pré e pós-operatórios. RESULTADOS: foi observada uma acurácia de 78,6% (p < 0,001) na previsão do tamanho do com- ponente acetabular e de 82,2% (p < 0,001) na previsão da haste femoral. Os offset medidos no planejamento pré-operatório foram estatisticamente semelhantes aos offset medidos na radiografia pós-operatória. No pós-operatório observamos a equalização absoluta em 48,2% dos casos. Em 87,5% a dismetria foi igual a ou menor do que 1 cm e em 69,6% foi igual a ou menor do que 0,5 cm. CONCLUSÕES: a acurácia foi de 78,6% e 82,2%, respectivamente, para os componentes aceta- bulares e femorais. Os offset planejados pré-operatório foram estaticamente semelhantes aos medidos na radiografia pós-operatória. Verificamos equalização absoluta em 48,2% dos casos...

Preoperative planning of primary total hip arthroplasty using conventional radiographs.

OBJECTIVE: the objective of this study was to present an analog method for preoperative planning of primary total hip arthroplasty procedures based on measuring the components by overlaying the transparencies of the prosthesis on the preoperative radiographs and checking the accuracy, both for predicting the size of the acetabular and femoral components used and for restoring the offset and correcting the dysmetria. METHODS: between March 2005 and July 2009, 56 primary total hip arthroplasty procedures performed on 56 patients at the Mario Covas State Hospital in Santo André were analyzed. The measurements on the femoral and acetabular components obtained through planning were compared with those that were used in the surgery. The offsets measured through the preoperative planning were compared with those measured on the postoperative radiographs. Dysmetria was evaluated before and after the operation. RESULTS: accuracy of 78.6% (p < 0.001) in predicting the size of the acetabular component and 82.2% (p < 0.001) in predicting the femoral nail was observed. The offsets measured through preoperative planning were statistically similar to the offsets measured on the postoperative radiographs. After the operation, we observed absolute equalization in 48.2% of the cases. In 87.5%, the dysmetria was less than or equal to 1 cm and in 69.6%, it was less than or equal to 0.5 cm. CONCLUSIONS: the accuracy was 78.6% and 82.2%, respectively, for the acetabular and femoral components. The offsets that were planned preoperatively were statistically similar to those measured on postoperative radiographs. We found absolute equalization in 48.2% of the cases.

OBJETIVOS: apresentar um método analógico de planejamento pré­operatório de artroplastias totais primárias de quadril baseado na medida dos componentes pela sobreposição das transparências da prótese sobre a radiografia pré­operatória. E verificar a acurácia, tanto na previsão do tamanho do componente acetabular e do componente femoral usado como na restauração do offset e na correção das dismetrias. MÉTODOS: entre março de 2005 e julho de 2009 foram analisadas 56 artroplastias totais primárias de quadril feitas em 56 pacientes no Hospital Estadual Mário Covas. As medidas dos componentes femorais e acetabulares obtidas no planejamento foram comparadas com as que foram usadas na cirurgia. Os offset medidos no planejamento pré­operatório foram comparados com os medidos na radiografia pós­operatória. A dismetria foi avaliada nos momentos pré e pós­operatórios. RESULTADOS: foi observada uma acurácia de 78,6% (p < 0,001) na previsão do tamanho do componente acetabular e de 82,2% (p < 0,001) na previsão da haste femoral. Os offset medidos no planejamento pré­operatório foram estatisticamente semelhantes aos offset medidos na radiografia pós­operatória. No pós­operatório observamos a equalização absoluta em 48,2% dos casos. Em 87,5% a dismetria foi igual a ou menor do que 1 cm e em 69,6% foi igual a ou menor do que 0,5 cm. CONCLUSÕES: a acurácia foi de 78,6% e 82,2%, respectivamente, para os componentes acetabulares e femorais. Os offset planejados pré­operatório foram estaticamente semelhantes aos medidos na radiografia pós­operatória. Verificamos equalização absoluta em 48,2% dos casos.

Árvore de decisão aplicada em dados de incubação de matrizes de postura Hy-Line W36 / Decision tree applied to hatchery databases of Hy-Line W-36

Incubatório de ovos é um setor de grande importância na Avicultura de postura. Com a redução dos custos dos equipamentos de informática cresce o armazenamento de dados para gerenciamento do processo produtivo. A Mineração de Dados surge como uma técnica para identificar conhecimentos novos e úteis nos bancos de dados. Objetivou-se, neste trabalho, explorar a técnica Arvore de Decisão em banco de dados de incubatórios de matrizes de postura, visando a elaboração de padrões de incubação. Foram disponibilizados, pela empresa Hy-Line do Brasil Ltda, dados de incubação entre os anos de 2002 e 2006 da linhagem Hy-Line W-36. Dois experimentos foram realizados. Em um deles, valores acima dos estabelecidos pela empresa como desejado para o índice "fêmeas nascidas vendáveis" foram identificados como relevantes para a geração das regras. No outro, valores abaixo dos estabelecidos pela empresa foram identificados como relevantes para a geração das regras. Foi utilizado o algoritmo Entropia C 4.5 e o software SAS-Enterprise Miner como ferramenta de análise . Como conclusão deste estudo, foi possível observar que com a técnica estudada, os dados utilizados no gerenciamento de produção são suficientes para identificar conhecimentos novos, úteis e aplicáveis a fim de melhorar a produtividade das empresas incubadoras, atendendo à demanda com diminuição do desperdício.

Hatchery is a very important sector in egg production. As computers become cheaper, there is an increase in data storage for the production management process. Data Mining has appeared as a technique to identify new and useful knowledge in databases. The objective of this work was to explore the Decision Tree technique in hatchery databases to identify the best standards of the incubation process. The data set used in this research was supplied by Hy-Line do Brasil Ltda., corresponding to the incubation period of 2002-2006, from the strain Hy-line W-36. Two experiments were carried out. In the first experiment, values higher than the company's standards for saleable females were identified as relevant to generate the rules. In the second experiment, values below those established by the company were identified as relevant for the generation of rules. Entropy C 4.5 algorithm and the software SAS-Enterprise Miner were used for data analysis. The conclusion is that, with the technique studied, the data used for production management are sufficient to identify new, useful and applicable knowledge in order to increase productivity of hatcheries, catering for the demand with less waste.

Análise dos atributos do solo e da produtividade da cultura de cana-de-açúcar com o uso da geoestatística e árvore de decisão / Analyze the soil attributes and sugarcane yield culture with the use of geostatistics and decision trees

Um dos desafios da agricultura de precisão é oferecer subsídios para a definição de unidades de manejo para posteriores intervenções. Portanto, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os atributos químicos do solo e a produtividade da cultura de cana-de-açúcar por meio da geoestatística e mineração de dados pela indução da árvore de decisão. A produtividade da cana-de-açúcar foi mapeada em uma área de aproximadamente 23ha, utilizando-se o critério de célula, por meio de um monitor de produtividade que permitiu a elaboração de um mapa digital que representa a superfície de produção para a área em estudo. Para determinar os atributos de um Argissolo Vermelho-Amarelo, foram coletadas as amostras no início da safra 2006/2007, utilizando-se uma grade regular de 50 x 50m, nas profundidades de 0,0-0,2m e 0,2-0,4m. Os dados dos atributos do solo e da produtividade foram analisados por meio da técnica de goestatística e classificados em três níveis de produção para indução de árvore de decisão. A árvore de decisão foi induzida no programa SAS Enterprise Miner, sendo utilizado algoritmo baseado na redução de entropia. As variáveis altitude e potássio apresentaram os maiores valores de correlação com a produtividade de cana-de-açúcar. A indução de árvores de decisão permitiu verificar que a altitude é a variável com maior potencial para interpretar os mapas de produtividade de cana-de-açúcar, auxiliando na agricultura de precisão e mostrando-se uma ferramenta adequada para o estudo de definição de zonas de manejo em área cultivada com essa cultura.

One of the challenges of precision agriculture is to offer subsidies for the definition of management units for posterior interventions. Therefore, the objective of this work was to evaluate soil chemical attributes and sugarcane yield with the use of geostatistics and data mining by decision tree induction. Sugarcane yield was mapped in a 23ha field, applying the cell criterion, by using a yield monitor that allowed the elaboration of a digital map representing the surface of production of the studied area. To determine the soil attributes, soil samples were collected at the beginning of the harvest in 2006/2007 using a regular grid of 50 x 50m, in the depths of 0.0-0.2m and 0.2-0.4m. Soil attributes and sugarcane yield data were analyzed by using geostatistics techniques and were classified into three yield levels for the elaboration of the decision tree. The decision tree was induced in the software SAS Enterprise Miner, using an algorithm based on entropy reduction. Altitude and potassium presented the highest values of correlation with sugarcane yield. The induction of decision trees showed that the altitude is the variable with the greatest potential to interpret the sugarcane yield maps, then assisting in precision agriculture and, revealing an adjusted tool for the study of management definition zones in area cropped with sugarcane.

Educação Física Escolar e multiculturalismo: possibilidades pedagógicas / School Physical Education and multiculturalism: pedagogic possibilities

A escola e a Educação Física sempre tiveram dificuldades em lidar e abrir espaços para a manifestação e a valorização das diferenças. Nosso artigo, de caráter teórico, tem como objetivo analisar as interfaces entre a Educação Física escolar e o multiculturalismo, apresentando algumas sugestões de intervenção para o ensino básico. Realizamos uma revisão teórica sobre o assunto, que buscou refletir sobre a prática pedagógica dos profissionais de Educação Física, apontando algumas possibilidades de abordagem. Para a mudança deste quadro sugerimos: não encarar a problemática das discriminações e dos preconceitos de forma superficial, mas sim destacar o conteúdo discriminador e estimular a reflexão sobre ele, sem esquecer a especificidade do componente curricular; valorizar as diferentes manifestações culturais espontâneas e propor situações em que as diferentes culturas se mostrem e sejam problematizadas; utilizar o princípio da inclusão; refletir sobre sua própria ação; escolher e contextualizar os conteúdos de forma diversificada; avaliar as atitudes dos alunos com relação ao respeito às diferenças; propor projetos interdisciplinares que diminuam as práticas discriminatórias, levando em consideração a realidade cultural da escola.

School and Physical Education have always had difficulty to deal and to spread the manifestation of the differences and to give value to it. The aim of this work is to analyze the interfaces between school Physical Education and multiculturalism, presenting some intervention suggestions for the primary education. A bibliographic review was conducted on the issue searching an understanding on the pedagogic practice of the Physical Education professional, pointing some possible approaches. In order tochange such pattern it was suggested the following: not to face the discrimination and prejudice superficially, but instead, to highlight the discriminating issue and to encourage reflection on it, not forgetting the curricular content; to value the different spontaneous cultural manifestations and to propose situations in which different cultures are shown and challenged; to use the inclusion principle; to reflect about the own action; to choose and to contextualize the contents in a diversified way; to evaluate the students attitude towards the difference respect; to propose interdisciplinary projects to reduce the discrimination practices, considering the cultural reality of the school.

A Educaçäo física, a formaçäo do cidadäo e os parâmetros curriculares nacionais / Physical education, sitizenship building and the national curriculum parameters

O Ministério da Educaçäo e do Desporto, através da Secretaria de Ensino Fundamental, inspirado no modelo educacional espanhol, mobilizou um grupo de pesquisadores e professores no sentido de elaborarem os Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais (PCNs). Os PCNs têm como funçäo primordial subsidiar a elaboraçäo ou a versäo curricular dos estados e municípios. Neste estudo procurou-se analisar a proposta de Educaçäo Física para os 3 e 4 ciclos (5a a 8a. séries do ensino fundamental) contida nos parâmetros curriculares, área Educaçäo Física, procurando desvelar os seus aspectos inovadores, bem como apresentar e discutir as críticas formuladas aos documentos, desde os seus pressupostos teóricos, processo de elaboraçäo e realizaçäo dos PCNs. A metodologia consistiu em uma pesquisa qualitativa, através de análise bibliográfica. Os PCNs - área de Educaçäo Física para o 3o e 4o ciclos, apresentam alguns avanços e possibilidades importantes para o componente curricular...