Ring-opening silylation of N-arylindoles via endocyclic C-N bond cleavage triggered by silylboranes.

The cleavage of heteroaromatic endocyclic carbon-heteroatom bonds to assemble C-Si bonds is scarce. Here, we demonstrate an unprecedented dearomatization silylation of N-arylindoles arising from reductive activation initiated by electron-rich silylboronic complexes to deliver silyl styrenes with perfect stereoselectivity.

A magnetic relaxation switching and colorimetric dual-mode aptasensor for the rapid detection of florfenicol and florfenicol amine in eggs.

It is important to establish a sensitive and rapid screening detection method for Florfenicol (FF) residue in eggs. A magnetic relaxation switch (MRS) and colorimetric aptasensor were developed for the detection of FF based on aptamer-modified Au@Fe3O4 nanoparticles (NPs). Apt-Au@Fe3O4 NPs were played as a "switch" between dispersion and aggregation, with a concomitant change in the R2 (T2 relaxivity, 1/T2W) and the UV-vis absorption spectra. To improve the sensitivity and stability of the method, the aptamers modification, salt inducing aggregation, and reaction conditions were optimized. The molar ratio of aptamers to Au, the incubation time of aptamers modification, the molar ratio of NaCl to Au, the dilute ratio of Apt-Au@Fe3O4, and reaction time were optimized to be 2:1, 3 h, 15:1, 1:300 and 15 min, respectively. The working range and LOD of MRS analysis are 0.1-10 nM and 1.10 nM for Florfenicol amine (FFA), 4-40 nM and 5.65 nM for FF. Noticeably, the colorimetric analysis can also qualitatively analyze the FF and FFA. The working ranges and LOD were 5-40 µM (5 µM) and 10-40 µM (10 µM), respectively. Hence, the results indicated that this aptasensor could be a potential tool for the rapid detection of FF residue in food.

Case Report: Metagenomic Next-Generation Sequencing Can Contribute to the Diagnosis and Treatment of Disseminated Visceral Kaposi Sarcoma Following Allogeneic Haematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation.

Disseminated visceral Kaposi sarcoma (KS) following allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is a rare but life-threatening posttransplant complication. A suitable management strategy for disseminated KS involvement in transplant patients is unclear. Here, we reported a patient who developed disseminated visceral KS following HSCT, which was the first detailed report documenting the relationship among KS development, delayed immune reconstitution, and HHV-8 DNA levels by metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS). The HHV-8 viral load peaked at 2071 sequence reads with an absolute lymphocyte count of 0.17×109/L on day +242. On day +536, the HHV-8 viral load became undetectable, with an absolute lymphocyte count of 1.06×109/L and the KS disappearance. HHV-8 load in blood detected by mNGS may be used as an early prediction marker for KS, a guide for early withdrawal of immunosuppression, and a tool to monitor KS treatment response in the setting of HSCT, especially in patients with CMV-seropositive or graft failure postengraftment. Through whole-exome sequencing, we explored the molecular mechanism underlying the patient's longer latency of haematopoietic or immune reconstitution and recurrent infections. Germline mutations in the FANCI and RAD51 genes might impair the patient's DNA repair ability, leading to a degree of immunodeficiency and tumour susceptibility. We strongly recommended evaluating the clinical history of the donor and investigating whether there were possible germline mutations suspected for immunodeficiency or familial neoplasms. Disseminated visceral KS patients could likely benefit from chemotherapy, especially if the disease appears to be aggressive.

A magnetic relaxation switch sensor for determination of 17ß-estradiol in milk and eggs based on aptamer-functionalized Fe3 O4 @Au nanoparticles.

BACKGROUND: A simple and rapid detection method for 17ß-estradiol (E2 ) in complex food matrix is greatly desirable. A magnetic relaxation switch (MRS) sensor for detecting E2 based on the aptamer-functionalized gold-coated iron oxide (Fe3 O4 @Au) nanocomposite was designed in this study. Fe3 O4 @Au nanoparticles (NPs) played as a 'switch' between dispersed and aggregated states, while aptamer served as the recognition unit. RESULTS: According to the sensing effect of monocomponent relaxation time (T2W ) for E2 , the volume ratio of aptamers to Fe3 O4 @Au, the sodium chloride (NaCl) concentration, the concentration of Fe3 O4 @Au@Apt, and reaction time were optimized to be 4:1, 0.03 mol L-1 , 4 µmol L-1 and 15 min, respectively. For the analysis of food sample, the E2 was quantified over a concentration range of 1 to 100 nmol L-1 with a detection limit of 7.6 nmol L-1 for milk samples, while a linearity range of 20 to 100 nmol L-1 and a detection limit of 8.57 nmol L-1 for egg samples. CONCLUSION: These results exhibited that the MRS sensor could be a promising platform for the rapid detecting of E2 in food sample. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.

Influence of the interposition of pink muscle fibers in the dorsal ordinary muscle on the postmortem hardness of meat in various fishes.

We previously showed that the tenderization of ordinary muscle during ice storage is affected by the interposition of pink muscle fibers in the ordinary muscle. However, little is known about whether or not the interposition of pink muscle fibers affects the hardness of raw fish meat. To clarify the influence of the interposition of pink muscle fibers in the dorsal ordinary muscle on hardness of meat, the breaking strengths and the fiber types of the dorsal ordinary muscle of eight fish species (a total of 37 specimens) were discriminated. The breaking strengths among fish species were within a range of 6.5-19.1 N/cm2 . Pink muscle fibers were found in the dorsal ordinary muscle of six out of the eight fish species ranging from 0.0 to 56.0% in quantity ratio, and 0.0 to 19.3% in area ratio, respectively. The quantity ratio and area ratio of pink muscle fibers in the dorsal ordinary muscles of all eight fish species samples positively correlated with the breaking strength. Relative to the quantity ratio (p < .05), the area ratio (p < .02) of pink muscle fibers was more representative of postmortem texture hardness. In conclusion, the high interposition ratio of pink muscle fibers in ordinary muscle could potentially improve the postmortem hardness, the texture, and even the flesh quality of raw fish meat.

Metacognitive training: a useful complement to community-based rehabilitation for schizophrenia patients in China.

BACKGROUND: The traditional general practitioner-based model (community-based rehabilitation [CBR]) for Chinese schizophrenia patients lacks sufficient content, usefulness, and theoretical basis for rehabilitation. Based on previous research, we postulate that Metacognitive Training (MCT) is effective in the community for schizophrenic patients. METHOD: A randomized controlled, assessor-blinded trial was conducted. A total of 124 schizophrenia patients were recruited from Ningbo China and were randomly assigned to an intervention or a control group. A general practitioner (GP) training plan was carried out before intervention. Intervention and control groups received two CBR follow-ups once a month, while the intervention group, received an additional eight once-a-in-week session of MCT. The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), and the Psychotic Symptom Rating Scales (PSYRATS) were the primary outcome instruments, while the Quality of Life Scale (SQLS) was the secondary outcome instrument. RESULTS: In the post-treatment between-groups assessment, the patients in the intervention group showed significantly more reductions on PSYRATS delusions, PSYRATS total, PANSS P6, PANSS core delusions, PANSS positive, PANSS negative, PANSS general and PANSS total, and a significant improvement in SQLS psychosocial aspect. CONCLUSIONS: The study provides preliminary evidence for the usefulness of MCT as a complementary measure for community-based rehabilitation of schizophrenia patients. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ISRCTN, ISRCTN17333276 . Registered 09 August 2020 - Retrospectively registered.

Influence of the formula on the properties of a fast dispersible fruit tablet made from mango, Chlorella, and cactus powder.

Tableting of fruit powders is gaining popularity because of the advantages it brings in, such as ease of storage, transportation, and use, and effervescent tablets could be a good alternative to accomplish fast dissolving. The present study provides a specific effervescent tablet formulation that is appropriate for the delivery of mango, cactus, and Chlorella fruit powder. The direct compression method was employed. A series of disintegration time, tensile strength, and moisture content tests were performed on the different formulations at each stage. The effects of effervescent agents' ratio, fruit powder proportion, acid and alkali content, and mannitol and lactose content on tablet properties were investigated. The results indicated that the tablet properties were highly influenced by formulation, especially the ratios of effervescent agents, fruit powders, acid to alkali ratio, as well as mannitol to lactose ratio. The best performing formulation was as follows, 45% effervescent agents (citric acid monohydrate:sodium bicarbonate = 1.3:1), 35% adhesives (mannitol:lactose = 1:8), and 20% mixed fruit powders (mango:cactus:Chlorella fruit powders = 14:5:1). With this formula, the moisture content was 3.62% and the disintegration time was 154 s, as well as a sufficient tensile strength of 2.32 MPa. Our study presented useful findings regarding the specific effects of changing ingredient ratios on tablet strength and other properties and provided a basis for the potential of using mango, cactus and microalgae powders as novel functional ingredients for fruit powder effervescent tablets. This may be used as a basis for further research on tableting.

Saline is a more appropriate solution for microvesicles for flow cytometric analyses.

Microvesicles (MVs) are carriers of molecular and oncogenic signatures present in subsets of tumor cells and tumor-associated stroma, and a focus of cancer research. Although methods to detect MVs are mature, we were concerned that the buffer used could lead to false results when quantitating MVs by flow cytometry. In this work,we detected MVs by flow cytometry withthree different solutions: water, saline, and phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). The results demonstrated that PBS, when reacted with annexin V binding buffer, produced nano-sized vesicles even when there were no MVs in the sample. No similar events occurred in the saline and water groups (P < 0.01). Annexin V positive rate increased significantly when PBS was used as the buffer, compared to saline and water. These false negative results were also observed when we quantified some markers of MVs such as CD3 and CD19. A probable explanation for these findings is the production of insoluble Ca(H2PO4)2 or Ca3PO4 from calcium in the binding buffer and phosphate in PBS. Thus, considering the osmotic pressure of water, we suggest that saline is a more suitable buffer when counting MVs by flow cytometry.

All-optically controllable nanoparticle random laser in a well-aligned laser-dye-doped liquid crystal.

This study reports for the first time an all-optically controllable nanoparticle random laser (NPRL) in a well-aligned laser-dye-doped liquid crystal (LDDLC) cell added with NPs and azo-dyes. Experimental results display that the NPRL can be obtained when the pumped energy exceeds the energy threshold (~3.5 µJ/pulse). The occurrence of the NPRL is attributable to the enhancement of the fluorescence by the multi-scattering events of the fluorescence photons from the randomly distributed NPs in the diffusion rout of the well-aligned LDDLC cell. In addition, the lasing intensity of the NPRL can decrease with increasing irradiation time of one UV beam. Continuing irradiation of one green beam following the UV illumination can increasingly recover the lasing intensity of the NPRL. The all-optically reversible controllability of the NPRL is basically attributed to the successive UV-beam-induced increase and green-beam-induced decrease in the randomness of the LDDLC via their interactions with the curved cis and rod-like trans isomers after the accumulation of the trans→cis and cis→trans back isomerizations of the azo-dyes, respectively. The former and latter mechanisms can decrease and increase the laser-dye's absorption and thus the induced spontaneous emission, respectively. These consequences can decrease and increase the lasing intensity, or equivalently, increase and decrease the energy threshold for the occurrence of the NPRL, respectively.

Flow Cytometric Immunophenotyping Is Sensitive for the Early Diagnosis of De Novo Aggressive Natural Killer Cell Leukemia (ANKL): A Multicenter Retrospective Analysis.

Aggressive natural killer cell leukemia (ANKL) is a fatal hematological neoplasm characterized by a fulminating clinical course and extremely high mortality. Current diagnosis of this disease is not effective during the early stages and it is easily misdiagnosed as other NK cell disorders. We retrospectively analyzed the clinical characteristics and flow cytometric immunophenotype of 47 patients with ANKL. Patients with extranodal NK/T cell lymphoma, nasal type (ENKTL) and chronic lymphoproliferative disorder of NK cell (CLPD-NK), who were diagnosed during the same time period were used for comparisons. Abnormal NK cells in ANKL were found to have a distinctiveCD56bright/CD16dim immunophenotype and markedly increased Ki-67 expression, whereas CD57 negativity and reduced expression of killer immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR), CD161, CD7, CD8 and perforin were exhibited compared with other NK cell proliferative disorders (p<0.05). The positive rates of flow cytometry detection (97.4%) was higher than those of cytomorphological (89.5%), immunohistochemical (90%), cytogenetic (56.5%) and F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computer tomography (18-FDG-PET/CT) examinations (50%) (p<0.05). ANKL is a highly aggressive leukemia with high mortality. Flow cytometry detection is sensitive for the early and differential diagnosis of ANKL with high specificity.

The role of thromboelastography in predicting bleeding risk and guiding the administration of platelet transfusions in hematological patients: a cohort study.

The purpose of this study was to assess the accuracy of the parameters used in conventional hemostatic testing and thromboelastography (TEG) in predicting bleeding risk in patients with hematologic diseases. Patients diagnosed with a hematologic disease were divided into bleeding (n = 125) and non-bleeding (n = 509) groups according to clinical signs and symptoms. Several parameters were measured in all patients via traditional hemostatic testing and TEG, including platelet counts (PLT) and maximum amplitude (MA). The sensitivity and specificity of each parameter for predicting bleeding risk were determined via receiver operating characteristic curves. PLT had a sensitivity of 81.1 % and a specificity of 74.4 %, and MA had a sensitivity of 74.7 % and a specificity of 72.0 %. Specificity was higher for both parameters together (77.6 %) than for either alone (P < 0.01). In a subgroup analysis of patients with PLT < 20 × 10(9)/L, sensitivity was higher for both parameters together (84.6 %) than for either alone (P = 0.003). Although all parameters evaluated predicted bleeding risk, PLT and MA were especially accurate. We suggest that the combination of PLT and MA better assesses bleeding risk than do other parameters and that the use of this metric may help to guide decisions regarding platelet transfusion in patients with thrombocytopenic hematologic diseases.

Predicting the Incidence of Human Cataract through Retinal Imaging Technology.

With the progress of science, technology and medicine, the proportion of elderly people in society has gradually increased over the years. Thus, the medical care and health issues of this population have drawn increasing attention. In particular, among the common medical problems of the elderly, the occurrence of cataracts has been widely observed. In this study, we developed retinal imaging technology by establishing a human eye module with ray tracing. Periodic hole arrays with different degrees were constructed on the anterior surface of the lens to emulate the eyesight decline caused by cataracts. Then, we successfully predicted the incidence of cataracts among people with myopia ranging from -3.0 D to -9.0 D. Results show that periodic hole arrays cause severe eyesight decline when they are centralized in the visual center. However, the wide distribution of these arrays on the anterior surface of the lens would not significantly affect one's eyesight.

Analysis of prognostic factors in lymphoma patients with bone marrow involvement: a single center cohort study.

The objective of this study was to explore prognostic factors in lymphoma patients with bone marrow involvement (Ann Arbor stage IV). To that end, we analyzed a cohort study of 68 stage IV lymphoma patients. We found that the most predictive thresholds for lymphocyte rate, monocyte rate, and lymphocyte to monocyte ratio (LMR) were 30%, 13%, and 3, respectively. A lymphocyte rate <30%, a monocyte rate >13%, and the presence of B symptoms were associated with shorter OS. LMR >3, Eastern Oncology Cooperative Group performance status ≤1, indolent lymphoma, and B cell (as opposed to T and NK cell) lymphoma predicted longer OS. Our study showed that these basic, easily acquired data can predict the outcome and overall survival in lymphoma patients with bone marrow involvement. These prognostic markers should be taken into consideration when devising new prognostic scoring systems for lymphomas.

Performance evolution of color cone lasing emissions in dye-doped cholesteric liquid crystals at different fabrication conditions.

This work investigates the performance evolution of color cone lasing emissions (CCLEs) based on dye-doped cholesteric liquid crystal (DDCLC) cells at different fabrication conditions. Experimental results show that the energy threshold (E(th)) and relative slope efficiency (η(s)) of the lasing signal emitted at each cone angle (0°-35°) in the CCLE decreases and increases, respectively, when the waiting time in a homogenously rubbed aligned DDCLC cell is increased from 0 hr to 216 hr (9 days). This result occurs because defect lines gradually shrink with the anchoring of the surface alignment when the waiting time is increased. Hence, the scattering loss decreases, and the dwelling time of the fluorescence photons in the resonator increases, which in turn enhances the CCLE performance. With the aligned cell given the pretreatment of a rapid annealing processing (RAP), the waiting time for obtaining an optimum CCLE can markedly be reduced sixfold. The surface alignment of the DDCLC cell also plays a necessary role in generating the CCLE. This work provides an insight into the temporal evolution of the performance for the CCLE laser and offers a method (RAP) of significantly speeding up the formation of a CCLE laser with optimum performance.

Nuclear C-MYC expression level is associated with disease progression and potentially predictive of two year overall survival in prostate cancer.

PURPOSE: Upregulation of nuclear C-MYC protein has been reported to be an early event in prostate cancer (PCa); however, its clinicopathological and prognostic significance remain controversial. We determined the association of nuclear C-MYC protein expression with clinicopathological parameters, prognosis, ETS-related gene (ERG) expression, and TMPRSS2-ERG status in PCa. METHODS: Nuclear C-MYC and ERG expression by immunohistochemistry and TMPRSS2-ERG status by triple-color probe fluorescence in situ hybridization assay were determined in 50 hormone-naïve PCa patients and 31 radical prostatectomy specimens. RESULTS: Nuclear C-MYC immunostaining was negative, positive, and strong positive in 27.5%, 32.5%, and 40.0% of cases, respectively. C-MYC immunostaining was significantly associated with clinical T stage (P < 0.001), distant metastasis at the time of diagnosis (P < 0.001) and TMPRSS2-ERG status (P = 0.001) but not with ERG immunostaining (P = 0.818). In the Kaplan-Meier analysis, C-MYC positive cases were found to have worse 2-year OS compared with C-MYC negative cases (P = 0.027). However, in the univariate Cox analysis, only TMPRSS2-ERG status (hazard ratio [HR] 0.189, 95% CI 0.057-0.629; P = 0.007) and distant metastasis (HR 3.545, 95% CI 1.056-11.894; P = 0.040) were significantly associated with 2-year OS. After adjusting for these two factors, TMPRSS2-ERG status still impacted 2-year OS (HR 0.196, 95% CI 0.049-0.778; P = 0.020). CONCLUSIONS: Nuclear C-MYC overexpression may be associated with disease progression and potentially predictive of 2-year OS in PCa. This is the first study to demonstrate an association between nuclear C-MYC immunostaining and TMPRSS2-ERG status in PCa.

Chronic myeloid leukemia with variation of translocation at (Ph) [ins (22;9) (q11;q21q34)]: a case report.

Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is most frequently observed in middle-aged individuals. In most patients, normal marrow cells are replaced by cells with an abnormal G-group chromosome, the Philadelphia (Ph) chromosome. The Ph chromosome that is characterized by the translocation (9;22) (q34;q11) is noted in 90-95% of patients diagnosed with CML. Studies have also shown that CML can be associated with various other cytogenetic abnormalities, with 5-10% of these cases showing complex translocation involving another chromosome in addition to the Ph chromosome. Here, we report the case of a Ph(+) CML patient with an inserted karyotype who presented clinically in the chronic phase but with atypical features. This case highlights the significance of cytogenetic abnormalities on the prognosis in CML.

Bortezomib-based chemotherapy regimens can improve response in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma patients with bcl-2 and survivin overexpression.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between the Bcl-2 and survivin expression and the different regimens therapeutic efficacy newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (NDMM). METHODS: We retrospectively assessed the association of Bcl-2 and survivin expression with chemotherapeutic efficacy and prognosis in 59 NDMM patients in a single center. RESULTS: The positive expression rate for survivin and Bcl-2 was 35% and 74%, respectively. Survivin and Bcl-2 protein expression were not associated with clinical stage, suggesting that they are not related to tumor burden in NDMM. Bortezomib-based regimens were more effective in reducing tumor burden and achieving therapeutic (complete and partial) response compared with non-bortezomib-based regimens irrespective of Bcl-2 or survivin expression (P < 0.05). In cases with both negative Bcl-2 and survivin expression (Bcl-2(-)survivin(-)), the response to bortezomib and non-bortezomib-based regimens was similar (p = 0.429). Bcl-2 and survivin expression were not correlated with overall survival (OS); however, Bcl-2-survivin- cases showed a trend towards a longer OS (P = 0.078). CONCLUSION: We recommend bortezomib-containing regimens for NDMM with single or double-positive Bcl-2 and survivin expression.

In vitro effects of imatinib on CD34+ cells of patients with chronic myeloid leukemia in the megakaryocytic crisis phase.

Imatinib is a tailored drug for the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), and has substantial activity and a favorable safety profile when used as a single agent in patients with CML in myeloid blast crisis. The megakaryocytic blast crisis in CML occurs rarely and carries a poor prognosis. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of imatinib on cluster of differentiation (CD)34+ cells from patients with CML in the megakaryocytic crisis phase. Bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMNCs) were isolated from patients with CML in the megakaryocytic crisis phase. CD34+ cells were selected from BMNCs by positive immunomagnetic column separation. Imatinib significantly induced G1 arrest, reduced the phosphorylation of cyclin-dependent kinase 1 and retinoblastoma proteins and inhibited the proliferation of CD34+ cells from patients with CML in the megakaryocytic crisis phase. Annexin V/propidium iodide and caspase-3 activity showed that imatinib induced apoptosis. Western blot analysis and protein tyrosine kinase activity assays showed that imatinib inhibited BCR-ABL protein tyrosine kinase activity. The in vitro data thus markedly indicate a potential clinical application of imatinib for patients with CML in the megakaryocytic crisis phase.

Reduced-intensity and myeloablative conditioning allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in patients with acute myeloid leukemia and myelodysplastic syndrome: a meta-analysis and systematic review.

BACKGROUND: We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to compare the clinical outcomes and toxicity of reduced-intensity conditioning (RIC) and myeloablative conditioning (MAC) allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (alloHSCT) in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). EVIDENCE ACQUISITION: A comprehensive PubMed and Embase search was performed using the following keywords: "reduced-intensity", "myeloablative", "AML", and "MDS". The primary endpoints were overall survival (OS) and event-free survival (EFS), and the secondary endpoints were relapse incidence (RI), non-relapse mortality (NRM), grade II-IV acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD), and chronic GVHD (cGVHD). RESULTS: Eight studies (2 prospective and 6 retrospective) involving 6464 patients who received RIC (n = 1571) or MAC (n = 4893) alloHSCT were included in the analysis. Median age and the number of patients with low hematopoietic cell transplantation-specific comorbidity index scores and who received ex vivo or in vivo T cell depletion were higher in the RIC arm than in the MAC arm. Significant heterogeneity was not found among the studies for any of the endpoints except for grade II-IV aGVHD. OS (odds ratio [OR], 0.96; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.84-1.08; p = 0.47) and EFS (OR, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.77-1.00; p = 0.05) were similar in the RIC and MAC arms, whereas RI (OR, 1.41; 95% CI, 1.24-1.59; p < 0.00001) was higher in the RIC arm than in the MAC arm. The incidence of grade II-IV aGVHD (OR, 0.59; 95% CI, 0.36-0.96; p = 0.03) was lower in the RIC arm than in the MAC arm; however, NRM (OR, 0.99; 95% CI, 0.87-1.13; p = 0.85), total cGVHD (OR, 1.10; 95% CI, 0.88-1.38; p = 0.38), and extensive cGVHD (OR, 1.01; 95% CI, 0.75-1.37; p = 0.95) were not significantly different between the two arms. CONCLUSION: RIC alloHSCT may be an effective treatment strategy for AML/MDS patients who are not suitable candidates for MAC alloHSCT. However, heterogeneity in baseline patient characteristics and treatment protocols may have influenced the outcomes of RIC alloHSCT in our analysis. Future randomized controlled trials are needed to confirm our findings.

[Gene mutation and myelodysplastic syndromes with ring sideroblast excess].

Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are heterogeneous clonal hematopoietic stem cell disorders with different mechanisms and diverse prognosis. The excess of ring sideroblasts (RS) is an important presentation MDS, but the mechanisms of RS appearance are obscure and the treatment of MDS-RS is intractable. Splicing factors play a very important role in the maturation process of eucaryon mRNA, recent studies indicate that there is a significant causal relationship between splicing factor 3B subunit 1 (SF3B1) mutation and the presence of ring sideroblasts. Lucubrating the downstream molecular of the mutated SF3B1 can facilitate exploring the mechanisms and new therapeutic strategies of MDS-RS.