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OBJECTIVES: This study examined the relationship of social isolation and loneliness on sarcopenia among Chinese middle-aged and elderly people. METHODS: Social isolation, loneliness, and sarcopenia were measured at baseline. Follow-up measures of new-onset sarcopenia were obtained 4 years later. Then used logistic regression to evaluate the association between social isolation, loneliness and sarcopenia. RESULTS: In cross-sectional analysis, social isolation and loneliness are significantly associated with sarcopenia [OR = 1.88 (95% CI = 1.54-2.28)]. In longitudinal analysis, social isolation and loneliness are significantly associated with sarcopenia [OR = 1.09 (95% CI = 0.71-1.69)]. Social isolation and loneliness have a synergistic effect. Among them, individuals over 60 years old [OR = 2.01 (95% CI = 1.37-2.96)] and those without social support [OR = 2.64 (1.61-4.32), P-for interaction < 0.001] are at higher risk. CONCLUSION: Social isolation and loneliness were significantly associated with sarcopenia, and there was a synergistic effect between social isolation and loneliness.
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Soledad , Sarcopenia , Aislamiento Social , Humanos , Soledad/psicología , Aislamiento Social/psicología , Sarcopenia/psicología , Masculino , Femenino , China/epidemiología , Anciano , Estudios Transversales , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estudios Longitudinales , Apoyo SocialRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Intestinal fibrosis, a complex complication of colitis, is characterized by excessive extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition. Estrogen receptor (ER) ß may play a role in regulating this process. METHODS: Intestinal tissue samples from stenotic and nonstenotic regions were collected from Crohn's disease (CD) patients. RNA sequencing was conducted on a mouse model to identify differentially expressed mRNAs. Histological, immunohistochemical, and semiquantitative Western blotting analyses were employed to assess ECM deposition and fibrosis. The roles of relevant pathways in fibroblast transdifferentiation, activity, and migration were examined. RESULTS: Estrogen receptor ß expression was found to be downregulated in the stenotic intestinal tissue of CD patients. Histological fibrosis score, collagen deposition, and profibrotic molecules in the colon of an intestinal fibrosis mouse model were significantly decreased after activation of ERß. In vitro, ERß activation alleviated transforming growth factor (TGF)-ß-induced fibroblast activation and migration, as evidenced by the inhibition of col1α1, fibronectin, α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), collagen I, and N-cadherin expression. RNA sequencing showed that ERß activation affected the expression of genes involved in ECM homeostasis and tissue remodeling. Enrichment analysis of differentially expressed genes highlighted that the downregulated genes were enriched in ECM-receptor interaction, TGF-ß signaling, and Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling. Western blotting confirmed the involvement of TGF-ß/Smad and TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathways in modulating fibrosis both in vivo and in vitro. The promoter activity of TGF-ß1 and TLR4 could be suppressed by ERß transcription factor. CONCLUSION: Estrogen receptor ß may regulate intestinal fibrosis through modulation of the TGF-ß/Smad and TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathways. Targeting ERß activation could be a promising therapeutic strategy for treating intestinal fibrosis.
Imagine your gut is like a garden hose. In Crohn's disease, parts of this "hose" get narrow and blocked. Scientists found less of a helpful protein, ERß, in these narrow areas. In an experiment with mice, boosting ERß lessened the gut damage and reduced the buildup of collagenthe "blockage" in our hose analogy. Also, ERß calmed overactive cells causing these issues, acting like a peacemaker. This protein "talks" to cells through channels called TGF-ß/Smad and TLR4/NF-κB, telling them to relax. This could be a new way to tackle such gut problems!
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Tylopilus brunneirubens is a common species in southern China. It is known for brown to dark brown pileus, white context turning reddish brown or rust brown when touched and distinct reticulation on the upper stem. However, little is known about its mitochondrial genome and its relationship with other boletes. Our analysis revealed that the mitochondrial genome of this species is a circular DNA molecule that spans 32,389 bp. It contains 15 core protein-coding genes, 24 transfer RNA genes, and two ribosomal RNA genes. The base composition of the mitochondrial genome is as follows: A (37.20%), C (11.32%), G (12.48%), and T (39.00%), with a GC content of 23.80%. Furthermore, a phylogenetic tree based on 24 mitochondrial genomes provided valuable insights into the phylogenetic relationships of Tylopilus brunneirubens with other boletes for the first time.
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Background: Auditory-verbal training is essential for children with hearing challenges, and the gamification approach has become a promising direction for improving the rehabilitation experience and effect. However, the specific influence of the gamified training approach on participants at different rehabilitation stages has not been empirically studied, especially in the practical training effect caused by gamified interventions and the varying influence on children with different rehabilitation status. Objective: This article is thus intended to investigate the following research questions: (1) do the training performances of children at advanced rehabilitation stage differ before and after using the gamified training system? (2) Do the training performances of children at intermediate rehabilitation stage differ before and after using the gamified training system? (3) Do children enjoy the gamified training approach? Methods: For the purpose, a digital gamified auditory-verbal training system was originally developed, and a series of user experiments were organized. The training performance of 31 hearing-challenged children was assessed, and interviews with six professional therapists were conducted. Results: It can be found that generally the gamified training approach can effectively facilitate the training experience and help with the basic auditory memory and expression capabilities. Moreover, it is feasible to be applied in practical training due to the high customization of digital training contents, multimodal interactive training means, and highly enjoyable training experience. Conclusions: Regarding the specific influence, the gamified way can better improve the basic auditory-verbal performance of children at the intermediate stage since the focus is more on the ease of learning and adaption to the training system. While for children at the advanced rehabilitation stage, the precise training and professional training contents are more in demand, it is not easy to achieve quick improvements. These findings and conclusions can provide insights for further explorations and applications of the gamification approach in children's auditory-verbal rehabilitation. This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board (IRB) of Shanghai Jiao Tong University with the approval number H2022213P.
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Background and aims: To investigate mechanisms underlying the effects of Da-Cheng-Qi decoction (DCQD) on severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) capillary leakage syndrome. Methods: In this study, a SAP rat model was established using retrograde perfusion of 5% sodium taurocholate into the biliopancreatic duct. The study included three randomized groups: control, SAP (modeling), and DCQD (via gavage at 2 h pre-modeling and 2 and 4 h post-modeling). HPLC was used to analyzed major components of DCQD. Pathological changes and capillary permeability in the rat pancreatic tissues were examined. mRNA levels of claudin 5, occludin, zonula occludin-1 (ZO-1), and junctional adhesion molecules (JAM-C) were assessed using qRT-PCR. Tight junction-associated protein expression was evaluated using immunofluorescence and Western blot analyses. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were used to investigate the mechanism m of DCQD. Results: Serum levels of amylase, TNF-α, IL-1ß, IL-2, and IL-6 were higher in the SAP group compared to the DCQD group (p < 0.05). DCQD treatment significantly attenuated rat pancreas damage (p < 0.05) and reduced tissue capillary permeability compared to the SAP group (p < 0.05). Claudin 5, occludin, and ZO-1 expression in the rat tissues was upregulated, but JAM-C was downregulated by DCQD treatment (p < 0.05). HUVEC permeability was improved by DCQD in a dose-time-dependent manner compared to the SAP group (p < 0.05). DCQD also upregulated claudin 5, occludin, and ZO-1 expression in vitro (p < 0.05). Conclusion: DCQD can improve capillary permeability in both in vivo and in vitro models of SAP by upregulating expression of claudin 5, occludin, and ZO-1, but not JAM-C.
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Background and Objectives: This review systematically evaluates the potential of electrical neuromodulation techniques-vagus nerve stimulation (VNS), sacral nerve stimulation (SNS), and tibial nerve stimulation (TNS)-as alternative treatments for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's Disease (CD). It aims to synthesize current evidence on the efficacy and safety of these modalities, addressing the significant burden of IBD on patient quality of life and the limitations of existing pharmacological therapies. Materials and Methods: We conducted a comprehensive analysis of studies from PubMed, focusing on research published between 1978 and 2024. The review included animal models and clinical trials investigating the mechanisms, effectiveness, and safety of VNS, SNS, and TNS in IBD management. Special attention was given to the modulation of inflammatory responses and its impact on gastrointestinal motility and functional gastrointestinal disorders associated with IBD. Results: Preliminary findings suggest that VNS, SNS, and TNS can significantly reduce inflammatory markers and improve symptoms in IBD patients. These techniques also show potential in treating related gastrointestinal disorders during IBD remission phases. However, the specific mechanisms underlying these benefits remain to be fully elucidated, and there is considerable variability in treatment parameters. Conclusions: Electrical neuromodulation holds promise as a novel therapeutic avenue for IBD, offering an alternative to patients who do not respond to traditional treatments or experience adverse effects. The review highlights the need for further rigorous studies to optimize stimulation parameters, understand long-term outcomes, and integrate neuromodulation effectively into IBD treatment protocols.
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Terapia por Estimulación Eléctrica , Enfermedades Inflamatorias del Intestino , Humanos , Enfermedades Inflamatorias del Intestino/terapia , Enfermedades Inflamatorias del Intestino/fisiopatología , Terapia por Estimulación Eléctrica/métodos , Animales , Estimulación del Nervio Vago/métodos , Nervio Tibial/fisiología , Calidad de VidaRESUMEN
Rationale and objectives: To investigate alterations in the brain structure in patients with Crohn's disease in activity (CD-A) and in remission (CD-R) compared to healthy controls (HCs) and explore the relationship between gray matter volume (GMV) and psychological disorders. Materials and methods: A total of 127 CD patients (62 CD-A, 65 CD-R) and 92 healthy controls (HCs) were enrolled and analyzed in this study. The Crohn's disease activity index (CDAI) was used as the grouping criteria. Voxel-based morphometry (VBM) was applied to investigate gray matter volume (GMV), white matter volume (WMV) and global cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) volume alterations. Pearson correlation analysis was used to evaluate the relationships. Results: The CSF volume was negatively correlated with the disease duration in CD-R. Increased GMV of CD was observed in the parahippocampal gyrus, precentral gyrus, precuneous cortex, and subcallosal cortex, decreased was located in the occipital pole, precentral gyrus, inferior temporal gyrus, middle frontal gyrus, angular gyrus, frontal pole, lateral occipital cortex, and lingual gyrus. The GMV in the right temporal pole, left precuneous cortex, and left cingulate gyrus had a positive correlation with erythrocyte and hemoglobin in CD groups. The GMV in the right frontal pole, right postcentral gyrus, and left cingulate gyrus had a negative correlation with somatization in the CD groups. The GMV in the right temporal pole had a negative correlation with psychoticism and other in the CD groups. The GMV in the left cingulate gyrus was positive with bowel symptoms and systemic symptoms in the CD groups. Conclusion: Alterations of GMV in CD-A and CD-R and associated correlation with psychological disorders may provide evidence for possible neuro-mechanisms of CD with psychological disorders.
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Cancers of the same tissue-type but in anatomically distinct locations exhibit different molecular dependencies for tumorigenesis. Proximal and distal colon cancers exemplify such characteristics, with BRAFV600E predominantly occurring in proximal colon cancers along with increased DNA methylation phenotype. Using mouse colon organoids, here we show that proximal and distal colon stem cells have distinct transcriptional programs that regulate stemness and differentiation. We identify that the homeobox transcription factor, CDX2, which is silenced by DNA methylation in proximal colon cancers, is a key mediator of the differential transcriptional programs. Cdx2-mediated proximal colon-specific transcriptional program concurrently is tumor suppressive, and Cdx2 loss sufficiently creates permissive state for BRAFV600E-driven transformation. Human proximal colon cancers with CDX2 downregulation showed similar transcriptional program as in mouse proximal organoids with Cdx2 loss. Developmental transcription factors, such as CDX2, are thus critical in maintaining tissue-location specific transcriptional programs that create tissue-type origin specific dependencies for tumor development.
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Neoplasias del Colon , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas B-raf , Humanos , Ratones , Animales , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas B-raf/genética , Factor de Transcripción CDX2/genética , Neoplasias del Colon/genética , Neoplasias del Colon/patología , Proteínas de Unión al ADN , Factores de Transcripción/genética , Proteínas de Homeodominio/genéticaRESUMEN
Butyriboletus hainanensis, a macrofungus belonging to the Boletaceae family, is named after its collection location on Hainan Island, China. However, little is known about its mitochondrial genome and its phylogenetic relationship with other boletes. In this study, we utilized next-generation sequencing technology to sequence the mitochondrial genome of Bu. hainanensis. Our findings revealed that the mitochondrial genome of this species is presumably a circular DNA molecule spanning 36,592 bp. It consists of 15 protein-coding genes, 27 transfer RNA genes, and two ribosomal RNA genes. The base composition of the mitochondrial genome is as follows: A (36.64%), C (12.22%), G (11.73%), and T (39.41%), with a GC content of 23.95%. Additionally, a phylogenetic tree was constructed based on 22 mitochondrial genomes, which provided valuable insights into the phylogenetic relationships of Bu. hainanensis with other boletes for the first time.
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Purpose: To investigate the use of ureteroscope-assisted laparoscopic surgery (UALS) in treating symptomatic prostatic utricle (PU) in children. Materials and Methods: Data on surgically treated cases of PU at the Department of Urology in Hunan Children's Hospital between September 2014 and September 2022 were retrospectively collected and analyzed. The diagnosis was confirmed by cystourethroscopy followed by ureteroscopy, and PU was excised by ureteroscope-assisted laparoscopy. Results: A total of 21 patients with PU were enrolled in this study. The median age of the patients at surgery was 8.1 (4.6-11.5) years. Karyotyping was available for 15 children: 13 (86.7%) were 46XY, 1 (6.7%) was 45X/46XY, and 1 (6.7%) was 45X/46XY/47XYY. The median length of the PU was 5.0 (4.1-7.1) cm. Nineteen patients underwent only ureteroscope-assisted laparoscopic excision, whereas 2 also had a perineal incision. All excisions were successfully performed. The median intraoperative blood loss was 25.0 (20.0-37.5) mL. The median hospital stay and follow-up durations were 18.0 (14.5-25.0) days and 24.0 (13.5-49.0) months, respectively. The patients reported no postoperative clinical symptoms. Conclusion: UALS allows for accurate patient positioning and thorough exposure of the anatomical structures, and it is a safe, effective, and minimally invasive treatment for PU in children.
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Laparoscopía , Ureteroscopios , Masculino , Niño , Humanos , Estudios Retrospectivos , Próstata/cirugía , Sáculo y Utrículo , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
IMPORTANCE: The 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) patients had a unique profile of gut bacteria. In this study, we characterized the intestinal bacteria in our COVID-19 cohorts and found that there was an increased incidence of severe cases in COVID-19 patients with decreased lymphocytes and increased neutrophils. Levels of lymphocytes and neutrophils and abundances of intestinal bacteria correlated with the severity of COVID-19.
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COVID-19 , Neutrófilos , Humanos , SARS-CoV-2 , Recuento de Linfocitos , LinfocitosRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: This study aims to assess the relative of social support and psychological distress in disease activity among patients with Crohn's disease (CD) in China, and explore whether sex moderates the relationship between disease activity and social support and psychological distress in CD. DESIGN: Our study has a cross-sectional design. SETTING: This was a single-centre study, which was conducted in Wuhan, China. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 184 patients with CD at Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology were enrolled in this study; of these,162 patients were included in the final analysis. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES: The main study outcome was the CD patients' clinical and questionnaire data. The association of disease activity, social support and psychological distress with patients with CD was also evaluated based on the collected data. RESULTS: A total of 162 patients with CD were enrolled. Compared with patients with CD in remission (CD-R), the patients with CD in activity (CD-A) had higher C reactive protein (CRP) (p=0.001), anaemia (p<0.001) and relapse rates in the last year (p<0.001). Independent samples t-tests indicated that the CD-A group reported lower Social Support Rating Scale scores and higher Symptom Checklist-90 scores than the CD-R group. Moreover, men with CD had lower somatisation (p=0.030) and anxiety (p=0.050) scores than women. In binary logistic regression models, the subjective support (beta=0.903, p=0.013), the clinical factors of CRP (beta=1.038, p=0.001) and psychological distress factors of anxiety (beta=1.443, p=0.008) and other (beta=1.235, p=0.042) were disease activity predictors. CONCLUSION: The findings highlight the importance of the psychological distress and social support factors that may play a role in CD patients' health. Interventions to address these issues should be part of management in CD.
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Enfermedad de Crohn , Distrés Psicológico , Masculino , Humanos , Femenino , Enfermedad de Crohn/complicaciones , Enfermedad de Crohn/psicología , Estudios Transversales , Estrés Psicológico/epidemiología , Estrés Psicológico/etiología , Estrés Psicológico/psicología , Proteína C-Reactiva , Hospitales , Apoyo SocialRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: Interactions between phthalic acid esters (PAEs) exposure and Crohn's disease (CD) were unknown. This study aims to examine the association between exposure to PAEs and CD activity and to explore the roles of oxidative stress and microbiota. METHODS: A cross-sectional study with 127 CD patients was conducted. The disease activity was evaluated based on symptoms (Harvey-Bradshaw index, HBI), endoscopy findings (Simple Endoscopic Score for CD, SES-CD), and computed tomography enterography (CTE-scores). Ten urinary PAEs metabolites (mPAEs), two urinary oxidative stress biomarkers, including 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and 8-iso-prostaglandin-F2α (8-iso-PGF2α), as well as 16S rRNA sequencing of stool samples were determined. Multiple linear regression models and Hayes's PROCESS macro for SPSS were used to evaluate the interplays between urinary PAEs metabolites, CD activities, oxidative stress, and microbiota diversity. RESULTS: There were positive associations between most mPAEs and HBI. Oxidative stress mediated 20.69-89.29% of the indirect associations between low molecular weight (LMW) mPAEs and HBI, while the majority of the high molecular weight (HMW) mPAEs were directly associated with HBI. In addition, microbiota diversity moderated the indirect associations of LMW mPAEs on HBI. CONCLUSIONS: PAEs exposure was related to CD activity, and the association could be mediated by oxidative stress and reversed or alleviated by rich gut microbiota.
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Enfermedad de Crohn , Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Humanos , Enfermedad de Crohn/genética , Enfermedad de Crohn/diagnóstico , Estudios Transversales , ARN Ribosómico 16S/genética , 8-Hidroxi-2'-Desoxicoguanosina , Estrés OxidativoRESUMEN
The connexin gene family is the most prevalent gene that contributes to hearing loss. Connexins 26 and 30, encoded by GJB2 and GJB6, respectively, are the most abundantly expressed connexins in the inner ear. Connexin 43, which is encoded by GJA1, appears to be widely expressed in various organs, including the heart, skin, the brain, and the inner ear. The mutations that arise in GJB2, GJB6, and GJA1 can all result in comprehensive or non-comprehensive genetic deafness in newborns. As it is predicted that connexins include at least 20 isoforms in humans, the biosynthesis, structural composition, and degradation of connexins must be precisely regulated so that the gap junctions can properly operate. Certain mutations result in connexins possessing a faulty subcellular localization, failing to transport to the cell membrane and preventing gap junction formation, ultimately leading to connexin dysfunction and hearing loss. In this review, we provide a discussion of the transport models for connexin 43, connexins 30 and 26, mutations affecting trafficking pathways of these connexins, the existing controversies in the trafficking pathways of connexins, and the molecules involved in connexin trafficking and their functions. This review can contribute to a new way of understanding the etiological principles of connexin mutations and finding therapeutic strategies for hereditary deafness.
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Sordera , Pérdida Auditiva , Recién Nacido , Humanos , Conexina 26/metabolismo , Conexina 43/metabolismo , Conexinas/genética , Conexinas/metabolismo , Sordera/metabolismo , Pérdida Auditiva/metabolismo , Uniones Comunicantes/metabolismo , MutaciónRESUMEN
The secreted form of 78-kDa glucose-regulated protein (sGRP78) has been widely reported for its property in aiding resolution of inflammatory. However, little is known on its potential in the treatment of colitis. To investigate the expression pattern and functional outcome of GRP78 in ulcerative colitis, its expression was measured in human and murine colitis samples. It was found that GRP78 was spontaneously secreted to a high level in gut, which is a physiological site of immune tolerance. During the active phase of DSS-induced colitis, the sGRP78 level was significantly reduced but rebounded quickly during resolving phase, making it a potential candidate for the treatment of colitis. In the following experiments, the administration of sGRP78 was proved to decrease susceptibility to experimental colitis, as indicated by an overall improvement of intestinal symptoms, restoration of TJ integrity, decreased infiltration of immune cells and impaired production of inflammatory cytokines. And specific cleavage of endogenous sGRP78 could aggravate DSS colitis. Adoptive transfer of sGRP78-conditioned BMDMs reduced inflammation in the gut. We linked sGRP78 treatment with altered macrophage biology and skewed macrophage polarization by inhibiting the TLR4-dependent MAP-kinases and NF-κB pathways. Based on these studies, as a naturally occurring immunomodulatory molecule, sGRP78 might be an attractive novel therapeutic agent for acute intestinal inflammation.
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Colitis Ulcerosa , Colitis , Humanos , Animales , Ratones , Chaperón BiP del Retículo Endoplásmico , Colitis Ulcerosa/inducido químicamente , Colitis Ulcerosa/tratamiento farmacológico , Inflamación , FN-kappa B/metabolismoRESUMEN
To analyze the heterogeneity between different cell types in pediatric Wilms tumor (WT) tissue, and identify the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of malignant tumor cells, thereby establishing a prognostic model. The single-cell sequencing data of pediatric WT tissues were downloaded from the public database. Data filtration and normalization, principal component analysis, and T-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding cluster analysis were performed using the Seurat package of R language. Cells were divided into different clusters, malignant tumor cells were extracted, and DEGs were obtained. Then, the pseudo-time trajectory analysis was performed. Prognostic biomarkers were determined by univariate and multivariate COX regression analyses and LASSO regression analysis. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and receiver operator characteristic curve analysis were performed. Combined with the prognostic biomarkers and clinical characteristics, a nomogram was generated to predict WT prognosis. The prognostic power was validated in the external datasets. Cells in the WT tissue were divided into 10 clusters. Three prognostic biomarkers that affected the survival time of patients were screened from 215 DEGs in malignant tumor cells, and a nomogram was constructed using the three genes and clinical characteristics. The area under the curve (AUC) values of 3- and 5-year disease-free survival were 0.756 and 0.734, respectively. In the external validation dataset, the AUC value of this nomogram model was 0.826. Based on the single-cell RNA-seq, we recognized cell clusters in the WT tissue of children, identified prognostic biomarkers in malignant tumor cells, and established a comprehensive prognostic model. Our findings might provide new ideas and methods for the diagnosis and treatment of WT.
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Neoplasias Renales , Tumor de Wilms , Humanos , Niño , Pronóstico , Análisis de Expresión Génica de una Sola Célula , Tumor de Wilms/genética , Neoplasias Renales/genética , Biomarcadores , Biomarcadores de Tumor/genéticaRESUMEN
Objective: To compare the clinical efficacy and safety of laparoscopic orchiopexy with the modified Prentiss maneuver (LOMPM) and laparoscopic trans-inguinal orchiopexy (LTIO) for the treatment of non-palpable testis (NPT) <1 cm from the internal ring. Methods: Children with unilateral NPT who underwent laparoscopic orchiopexy at our center between February 2018 and January 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. According to the surgical method, they were divided into LOMPM and LTIO groups. The operation time, postoperative pain degree, postoperative complications and follow-up results were compared between the two groups. Results: A total of 98 patients were included in this study, including 41 cases in the LOMPM group and 57 cases in the LTIO group. All patients underwent successful surgery. The LOMPM group was superior to the LTIO group in terms of postoperative testicular position (lower scrotm: 90.2 vs. 71.9%, P = 0.026). There were no significant differences in operation time, postoperative pain score, and complications between the two groups. Preoperative testicular volume, postoperative testicular volume, and testicular growth rate in the LOMPM group were comparable to those in the LTIO group. There were no testicular atrophy, inguinal hernia and hydrocele in both groups after operation. Conclusions: LOMPM was comparable in safety to LTIO, but LOMPM had a good post-operative testicular position, and was suitable for the treatment of NPT near the internal ring.
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BACKGROUND: A restrictive use of episiotomy was recommended by the obstetric society in China, but limited information on the epidemiology and the effects of restrictive use of episiotomy on maternal and fetal outcomes have been published. METHODS: The China Labor and Delivery Survey is a cross-sectional investigation with a cluster random sampling scheme in 2015-2016 with the aim to describe detailed epidemiology of labor and delivery in China. We calculated the episiotomy rate by parity using the survey data. Associated factors of episiotomy were selected using mixed models with a random effect for the hospital-level clustering. Logistic regression models were fitted to examine the effects of mediolateral episiotomy on maternal and neonatal outcomes among the propensity score-matched women. FINDINGS: The episiotomy rate among vaginal births was 41·7% [95% confidence interval (CI): 40·1% - 43·2%] in nulliparae and 21·5% (95% CI: 19·4% - 23·5%) in multiparae in China. Associated factors of episiotomy included prepregnancy BMI, maternal diseases, and obstetric factors. More than half of episiotomies in nulliparae and one-fourth in multiparae had no indications. Mediolateral episiotomy without indicators increased the risk of 3rd or 4th degree perineal laceration [odds ratio (OR) =2·64, 95% CI: 1·08-6·48)] in nulliparae without neonatal benefits. INTERPRETATION: Episiotomy was performed more than medically necessary in China. Mediolateral episiotomy without indications more than doubled the risk of 3rd and 4th degree perineal laceration in nulliparae without neonatal benefits. FUNDING: National Natural Science Foundation of China and Shanghai Health Commission Programme.
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AIM: To investigate the effect of nano-selenium loaded with different concentrations of lycium barbarum polysaccharide (LBP-SeNPs) on the proliferation of human lens epithelial cells (HLECs) from UV irradiation. METHODS: LBP-SeNPs were prepared and their particle size was detected. HLECs (SRA01/04) were irradiated with UVB for different time (0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60min) to construct a damaged model, the survival rate of cells was determined by methylthiazol tetrazolium (MTT) assay. The 4',6-Diamidine-2'-phenylindole dihydrochloride (DAPI) staining was used to observe the status of cell nucleus and drug entering cytoplasm through cell membrane in SRA01/04 cells after adding LBP-SENPS loaded with coumarin fluorescence agent 24h under fluorescence microscope. SRA01/04 normal and UVB-damaged cells were treated with different amounts of LBP-SeNPs at different concentrations, cells proliferation were observed. RESULTS: The particle size of LBP-SeNPs was stable in the range of 150-200 nm. The survival rate changes with time after UVB irradiation were statistically significant. The 10min of UVB exposure as the time was chosen to construct the cell damage model. With DAPI staining, LBP-SeNPs were observed to enter the cytoplasm through the cell membrane under fluorescence inverted microscope. Cytotoxicity of SRA01/04 at different concentrations of LBP-SeNPs were measured. Cell survival rate was statistically different compared with the control group. The higher the loading concentration of LBP in nano-Se drugs was, the higher the cell proliferation rate was (P<0.05). The lower the concentration of LBP-SeNPs, the higher the cell proliferation rate, showing a negative growth trend (P<0.05). The group with the highest average cell proliferation rate was 0.5 µmol/L 2.0 mg/mL LBP-SeNPs (128.80%). When the 2.0 mg/mL LBP-SeNPs group was selected for cell photography, the cell density was higher at 0.5 µmol/L. With the increase of concentration, SRA01/04 cells appeared more cytoplasm dehydration, cell shrinkage and apoptotic bodies, and cell density decreased. CONCLUSION: LBP-SeNPs has moderate particle size and good stability. LBP-SeNPs can protect HLECs (SRA01/04) from UVB-induced damage, and the cell proliferation rate is further increased with increasing the amount of loaded LBP and decreasing nano-selenium concentration.
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The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) triggered by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) erupted in Hubei Province of China in December 2019 and has become a pandemic. Severe COVID-19 patients who suffer from acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and multi-organ dysfunction have high mortality. Several studies have shown that this is closely related to the cytokine release syndrome (CRS), often loosely referred to as cytokine storm. IL-6 is one of the key factors and its level is positively correlated with the severity of the disease. The molecular mechanisms for CRS in COVID-19 are related to the effects of the S-protein and N-protein of the virus and its ability to trigger NF-κB activation by disabling the inhibitory component IκB. This leads to activation of immune cells and the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-6 and TNF-α. Other mechanisms related to IL-6 include its interaction with GM-CSF and interferon responses. The pivotal role of IL-6 makes it a target for therapeutic agents and studies on tocilizumab are already ongoing. Other possible targets of treating CRS in COVID-19 include IL-1ß and TNF-α. Recently, reports of a CRS like illness called multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) in children have surfaced, with a variable presentation which in some cases resembles Kawasaki disease. It is likely that the immunological derangement and cytokine release occurring in COVID-19 cases is variable, or on a spectrum, that can potentially be governed by genetic factors. Currently, there are no approved biological modulators for the treatment of COVID-19, but the urgency of the pandemic has led to numerous clinical trials worldwide. Ultimately, there is great promise that an anti-inflammatory modulator targeting a cytokine storm effect may prove to be very beneficial in reducing morbidity and mortality in COVID-19 patients.