Neoadjuvant Sequential Docetaxel Followed by High-Dose Epirubicin in Combination With Cyclophosphamide Administered Concurrently With Trastuzumab. The DECT Trial.

To report the results of the DECT trial, a phase II study of locally advanced or operable HER2-positive breast cancer (BC) treated with taxanes and concurrent anthracyclines and trastuzumab. Eligible patients (stage IIA-IIIB HER2-positive BC, 18-75 years, normal organ functions, ECOG ≤1, and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) ≥55%) received four cycles of neoadjuvant docetaxel, 100 mg/m(2) intravenously, plus trastuzumab 6 mg/kg (loading dose 8 mg/kg) every 3 weeks, followed by four 3-weekly cycles of epirubicin 120 mg/m(2) and cyclophosphamide, 600 mg/m(2) , plus trastuzumab. Primary objective was pathologic complete response (pCR) rate, defined as ypT0/is ypN0 at definitive surgery. We enrolled 45 consecutive patients. All but six patients (13.3%) completed chemotherapy and all underwent surgery. pCR was observed in 28 patients (62.2%) overall and in 6 (66.7%) from the inflammatory subgroup. The classification and regression tree analysis showed a 100% pCR rate in patients with BMI ≥25 and with hormone negative disease. The median follow up was 46 months (8-78). Four-year recurrence-free survival was 74.7% (95%CI, 58.2-91.2). Seven patients (15.6%) recurred and one died. Treatment was well tolerated, with limiting toxicity being neutropenia. No clinical cardiotoxicity was observed. Six patients (13.4%) showed a transient LVEF decrease (<10%). In one patient we observed a ≥10% asymptomatic LVEF decrease persisting after surgery. Notwithstanding their limited applicability due to the current guidelines, our findings support the efficacy of the regimen of interest in the neoadjuvant setting along with a fairly acceptable toxicity profile, including cardiotoxicity. Results on BMI may invite further assessment in future studies. J. Cell. Physiol. 231: 2541-2547, 2016. © 2016 The Authors. Journal of Cellular Physiology Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Liposomal doxorubicin with and without TNFalpha in the perfusional treatment of advanced soft tissue limb sarcoma: preliminary results.

BACKGROUND: A combination of doxorubicin and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) has been proven to be very effective in the perfusional treatment of advanced soft tissue limb sarcoma both in terms of tumor necrosis and limb conservative surgery rate. Unfortunately, in some patients a grade IV limb reaction has been recorded. The key solution might be the use of liposomal doxorubicin (Caelyx) because the carrier seems to release the drug preferentially in the tumor rather than in the healthy tissue. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Twenty patients were treated with Caelyx: 14 with Caelyx alone and 6 in combination with a low TNFalpha dose (1 mg). In the first series of 14 patients a dose escalation study was carried out starting from a dose of 10 mg/L of limb volume. Six patients were treated with Caelyx (16 mg) and TNFalpha (1 mg). RESULTS: The maximum tolerated dose (MTD) was 16 mg/L as in two patients treated with 18 mg/L a grade IV limb reaction was observed. Tumor response was satisfactory and conservative surgery was carried out in 13 patients. In 6 patients treated with Caelyx and TNFalpha, only a grade I limb reaction was recorded, thus, confirming that TNFalpha did not increase toxicity, at least at a dose of 1 mg. The Caelyx-TNFalpha combination did increase treatment efficacy. Tumor necrosis > or = 70% was observed in 4 out of 6 patients, one with 100% necrosis (pathological complete response). All the patients underwent conservative surgery. CONCLUSION: The Caelyx-TNFalpha combination was proven to increase the efficacy of Caelyx alone, with a very low toxicity. These preliminary results have to be tested in a larger patient population.

Hyperthermic isolation limb perfusion with TNFalpha in the treatment of in-transit melanoma metastasis.

BACKGROUND: Hyperthermic isolation limb perfusion (HILP) with tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) and IFNgamma was pioneered by Liénard and Lejeune in 1988. The TNFalpha was empirically employed at a dosage of 3-4 mg, that is ten times the systemic maximum tolerated dose (MTD). After eighteen years from its first clinical application, more than 300 patients have been treated. The aim of this study is to clarify two major arguments: the TNFalpha dose and eligibility criteria for patient selection. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A phase I-II study has previously been conducted in 20 patients with in-transit melanoma metastases using a combination of melphalan and TNFalpha at dosages ranging from 0.5 to 3.3 mg. Twenty patients were treated and a complete pathological response of 70% was recorded, with no correlation between tumor response and TNFalpha. The dose of 1 mg of TNFalpha provided the best results regarding efficacy and toxicity. On the basis of this results a large phase II SITILO study was undertaken. Patients with stage IIIA - IIIAB (presence of in transit metastases and/or regional node involvement) were considered eligible; a total of 113 patients were enrolled in the study. The disease was bulky (> 10 nodules or fewer nodules with a diameter > or = 3 cm) in 42.5% of the patients and unresectable in 33%. Forty patients were treated with a TNFalpha dosage > 1 mg and 73 with 1 mg. All the patients were submitted to HILP via axillary and iliac vessels for tumor of upper and lower limb, respectively. TNFalpha was injected in the extracorporal circuit at the pre-established dose, followed after 30 minutes by melphalan (13 and 10 mg/L of limb volume for upper and lower limbs, respectively). RESULTS: A grade 1 and 2 limb toxicity was found in 52.9% and 30.1% of the patients, respectively, 5.5% of patients exhibited a grade 3 and 4, whereas grade 5 limb toxicity was not found. The complete and partial responses were 63% and 24.5%, respectively, with an objective response of 87.5%. We tried to correlate the typed tumor response (CR or not CR) and the TNFalpha dosage < or = 1 mg or > 1 mg, but no statistically significant difference was found between the two groups. The bulky disease was the only prognostic factor able to influence the tumor response. CONCLUSION: Only patients with bulky melanoma disease can benefit from HILP with TNFalpha at a low dose of 1 mg.

Reconstruçäo mamária imediata e critérios oncológicos: nossas atuais orientaçoës / Immediated breast reconstruction and oncologic criteria: our current definition

Os autores, através de uma revisäo da literatura, propöem-se a verificar os parâmetros oncológicos para a definiçäo dos casos "candidatáveis" a yna reconstruçäo imediata após mastectomia de Patey. Em relaçäo ao problema das recidivas locais, pelos resultados observados, evidencia-se que a hipótese de uma prótese sob o músculo grande peitoral mascarar essas recidivas näo é estatisticamente quantificável. A reconstrçäo näo interfere também com o carcinoma mamário, seja em termos de sobrevida ou de intervalo livre da doença. Consideramos que o tempo médio de aparecimento da recidiva, também nos casos N+, é de cerca de dois anos; achamos que estas pacientes com linfonodos positivos, se motivadas e candidatas a uma mastectomia modificada, näo devem ser excluídas de um programa reconstrutivo imediato. A baixa morbidade, os custos limitados, as vantagens psicológicas e o rápido início das terapias complementares fazem da reconstruçäo imediata um recurso fundamental. Conseqüentemente, há uma melhora da qualidade de vida também para os casos com limitadas perspectivas de sobrevida