Efeito da endogamia sobre a sobrevivência e a longevidade no escargot da espécie Helix aspersa / Effect of inbreeding on viability and longevity of edible snail Helix aspersa

Estudou-se o efeito da endogamia sobre as características sobrevivência (intervalos de 0-30; 30-60; 60-90 e 90-120 dias) e longevidade do escargot da espécie Helix aspersa em três gerações consecutivas de acasalamentos entre irmãos perfeitos. Os animais foram criados em laboratório com temperatura entre 20 e 25ºC e umidade relativa entre 70 a 90 por cento. O menor percentual de sobrevivência ocorreu no primeiro intervalo, mas, com o aumento da endogamia, observou-se diminuição na sobrevivência nos quatro intervalos testados. A longevidade média foi de 314 e 306 dias para as gerações um e três, respectivamente, não tendo sido observados animais em hibernação. O estudo de simulação para o caráter sobrevivência, em função do coeficiente de endogamia, indicou que se deve iniciar uma criação com, pelo menos, 100 reprodutores não aparentados.(AU)

The effect of inbreeding on longevity and viability (intervals of 0-30, 30-60, 60-90, and 90-120 days of birth) in three consecutive generations of full sibs of escargot Helix aspersa raised under laboratory conditions (20-25ºC temperature; 70-90 percent relative humidity) was studied. Inbreeding effects decreased the viability for all the studied intervals. The longevity means were 314 and 306 days, respectively to the first and third generations. Hibernating animals were not observed. Population size of at least 100 non-related mating escargots replaced after 10 generations to avoid inbreeding effect is recommended.(AU)

Efeito da endogamia sobre a sobrevivência e a longevidade no escargot da espécie helix aspersa / Effect of inbreeding on viability and longevity of edible snail helix aspersa

Estudou-se o efeito da endogamia sobre as características sobrevivência (intervalos de 0-30; 30-60; 60-90 e 90-120 dias) e longevidade do escargot da espécie Helix aspersa em três gerações consecutivas de acasalamentos entre irmãos perfeitos. Os animais foram criados em laboratório com temperatura entre 20 e 25ºC e umidade relativa entre 70 a 90 por cento. O menor percentual de sobrevivência ocorreu no primeiro intervalo, mas, com o aumento da endogamia, observou-se diminuição na sobrevivência nos quatro intervalos testados. A longevidade média foi de 314 e 306 dias para as gerações um e três, respectivamente, não tendo sido observados animais em hibernação. O estudo de simulação para o caráter sobrevivência, em função do coeficiente de endogamia, indicou que se deve iniciar uma criação com, pelo menos, 100 reprodutores não aparentados.

The effect of inbreeding on longevity and viability (intervals of 0-30, 30-60, 60-90, and 90-120 days of birth) in three consecutive generations of full sibs of escargot Helix aspersa raised under laboratory conditions (20-25ºC temperature; 70-90 percent relative humidity) was studied. Inbreeding effects decreased the viability for all the studied intervals. The longevity means were 314 and 306 days, respectively to the first and third generations. Hibernating animals were not observed. Population size of at least 100 non-related mating escargots replaced after 10 generations to avoid inbreeding effect is recommended.

Efeito da endogamia sobre a maturidade sexual e fecundidade do escargot da espécie Helix aspersa / Effect of inbreeding on sexual maturity and fertility of edible snail Helix aspersa

Estudou-se o efeito da endogamia sobre a maturidade sexual e fecundidade de escargot da espécie Helix aspersa, em três gerações consecutivas de irmãos perfeitos. Os animais foram criados em laboratório com temperatura entre 20 e 25ºC e umidade relativa entre 70 e 90 por cento. O efeito da endogamia foi negativo para as duas características. Quando o valor de F aumentou de 0,25 para 0,50, o percentual de animais sexualmente maduros aos 120 dias diminuiu de 59 para 18 por cento e o número de animais nascidos por postura diminuiu de 94 para 53. Para evitar o efeito negativo, recomenda-se o início de uma criação com pelo menos 100 reprodutores não aparentados, introduzindo-se novas matrizes após a 10ª geração.(AU)

The effect of inbreeding on two reproductive traits (number of birth per clutch and percentage of sexually mature animals per clutch) on three consecutive generations of full sibs of edible snail raised under laboratory conditions (20-25ºC temperature; 70-90% relative humidity) was studied. Inbreeding effect was negative for both traits. When F values increased from 0.25 to 0.50, percentages of sexually mature animals after 120 days from birth, decreased from 59 to 18% and the number of birth per clutch decreased from 94 to 53. Population size of at least 100 non related mating snail replaced after 10 generations to avoid inbreeding effect is recommended.(AU)

Efeito da endogamia sobre a maturidade sexual e fecundidade do escargot da espécie Helix aspersa / Effect of inbreeding on sexual maturity and fertility of edible snail Helix aspersa

Estudou-se o efeito da endogamia sobre a maturidade sexual e fecundidade de escargot da espécie Helix aspersa, em três gerações consecutivas de irmãos perfeitos. Os animais foram criados em laboratório com temperatura entre 20 e 25ºC e umidade relativa entre 70 e 90 por cento. O efeito da endogamia foi negativo para as duas características. Quando o valor de F aumentou de 0,25 para 0,50, o percentual de animais sexualmente maduros aos 120 dias diminuiu de 59 para 18 por cento e o número de animais nascidos por postura diminuiu de 94 para 53. Para evitar o efeito negativo, recomenda-se o início de uma criação com pelo menos 100 reprodutores não aparentados, introduzindo-se novas matrizes após a 10ª geração.

A technique to obtain fibroblast cells from skin biopsies of living bats (Chiroptera) for cytogenetic studies

We developed a procedure to obtain fibroblasts from bat skin. A small fragment of the ear is removed under ether anesthesia. This material is then cut up into small pieces and cultured in standard cell culture media. Very good quality chromosome preparations for cytogenetic studies are obtained in about three weeks. Secondary cultures can be used for other biological studies. This procedure does not require sacrificing the animals

[Endoscopic treatment of vesico-ureteral reflux in the neurogenic bladder. Presentation of 2 cases and review of the literature]. / Tratamiento endoscópico del reflujo vésico-ureteral en la vejiga neurogénica. Presentación de dos casos y revisión bibliográfica.

OBJECTIVE: To describe two cases of vesicoureteric reflux associated with neurogenic bladder treated by endoscopic subureteric injection of collagen. METHOD: A 22 Fr cystoscope was introduced with the patient in the lithotomy position. The meatus was identified, a 6 Fr needle was introduced beneath the meatus and collagen was injected until the terminal ureter had been raised with the meatus at the top. RESULTS: One year later the first patient consulted for recurrent urosepsis and severe incontinence between catheterizations. Patient assessment disclosed multiple bladder lithiasis and bilateral vesicoureteric reflux grade III-IV. Endoscopic electrohydraulic lithotripsy was performed, the urine sterilized and collagen injected under the ureter on both sides without result. The procedure was repeated later and reflux disappeared completely. The control ultrasound was satisfactory, urosepsis was controlled and incontinence had improved. Recovery of the upper urinary tract was observed six months later. The second patient consulted one year later for frequent urosepsis, urge incontinence and increasing residual urine. Patient evaluation disclosed vesicoureteric reflux grade III on the right side and signs suggestive of external sphincter hypertony, external sphincter disease and bladder trabeculation. Subureteric injection of collagen combined with endoscopic external sphincterotomy reduced the reflux from grade III to grade I. Collagen injection was repeated and reflux disappeared. The control ultrasound was satisfactory, urine sterile and urinary continence was acceptable. Recovery of the upper urinary tract was observed six months later. CONCLUSION: Subureteric injection of collagen was effective in both cases. It permitted precise evaluation of bladder function and did not interfere with bladder reeducation. Bladder emptying and urinary continence improved, urinary infection was better controlled and it facilitated upper urinary tract recovery. The procedure is fast and can be performed on an outpatient basis. It is safe, repeatable and does not interfere with subsequent therapeutic modalities. No differences between teflon and collagen have been found in the literature.

Tratamiento endosc›pico del reflujo vesicouretral en la vejiga neurog nica / Endoscopic treatment of vesico-ureteral reflux in the neurogenic bladder: presentation of 2 cases and review of the literature

Objetivo: Explorar la inyecci›n subureteral endosc›pica de colÿgeno como tratamiento del reflujo v sicoureteral asociado a la vejiga neurog nica. M todo: En posici›n de litotom­a introducimos el citoscopio, identificamos el meato a inyectar, introducimos la aguja por debajo del mismo e inyectamos hasta alcanzar la elevaci›n del ur ter terminal con el meato en la cœspide. Resultados: Un a o mÿs tarde acude presentando urosepsis rebelde al tratamiento e incontinencia marcada entre los cateterismos. Se estudi› y detect› litiasis vesical mœltiple y reflujo v sico-ureteral grado III-IV bilateral. Se realiz› litotricia electrohidrÿulica endosc›pica se esteriliz› la orina y posteriormente se realiz› la inyecci›n subureteral de colÿgeno bilateralmente sin resultado. Se repiti› posteriormente y se logr› la total desaparici›n del reflujo en ambos lados. El control ecogrÿfico fue satisfactorio. Se control› la urosepsis y mejor› la incontinencia. Hubo recuperaci›n del tracto urinario superior seis meses mÿs tarde. El segundo paciente es masculino, blanco de 18 a os de edad que sufri› lesi›n medular por arma de fuego en abril de 1994. Acudi› un a o mÿs tarde por urosepsis a repetici›n, urgencia incontinencia y volumen residual creciente. Se demostr› en los estudios reflujo v sico-ureteral grado III derecho e imagen sugerente de hipertrofia del esf­nter externo, enfermedad esfinteriana y trabeculaci›n vesical. Se realiz› infiltraci›n subureteral con colÿgeno, asociada a esfinterotom­a externa endosc›pica logrÿndose una disminuci›n del grado del reflujo de III a I, se le realiz› una nueva infiltraci›n ureteral y se obtuvo la desaparici›n total del mismo. Control ecogrÿfico satisfactorio. Se lograron orinas est riles y continencia aceptable. Seis meses mÿs tarde se observ› recuperaci›n del tracto urinario superior. El tiempo quirœrgico en ambos casos fue como promedio de 15 a 20 min. para cada lado. Conclusiones: La inyeci›n subureteral de colÿgeno fue eficaz en nuestros casos. Permiti› una evaluaci›n veraz de la funci›n vesical. Mejor› el vaciamiento vesical y la continencia. No constituy› una espina irritativa para la reeducaci›n vesical. Permiti› un mejor control de la infecci›n. Facilit› la recuperaci›n del tracto urinario superior. Fue de rÿpida ejecuci›n y realizable por consulta externa. Se comprob› que es repetible, inocua y no compromete procedimientos ulteriores. En la literatura revisada no se sugieren diferencias en la utilizaci›n del tefl›n o el colÿgeno(AU)

Amelia anterior esquerda incompleta em potro. Descriçäo de um caso / Incomplete anterior left amelia in a fool. A case report

Descreve-se um caso de amelia anterior em um potro da raça Mangalarga Marchador, nascido de parto eutócico e sacrificado 40 dias após. O estudo cromossômico do potro, da égua e do garanhäo revelou cariótipo normal

[Percutaneous nephrolitholapaxy combined with extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy in the treatment of staghorn lithiasis]. / Nefrolitotricia percutánea asociada a litotricia extracorpórea por ondas de choque en el tratamiento de la litiasis coraliforme.

From December, 1988 to July, 1989, 41 patients with renal or juxtapyelic ureteral calculi were submitted to percutaneous litholapaxy (PCN) at the Stone Center of the Hermanos Amerijeiras Hospital in Havana. This series comprise our early experience utilizing this procedure. PCN was initially limited to pelvic and juxtapyelic ureteric calculi with dilated renal cavities. It was subsequently used in combination with extracorporeal lithotripsy (ESWL) in the treatment of staghorn stones. The present study analyzed the results achieved with PCN in 30 patients with staghorn calculi; 21 (70%) incomplete staghorns and 9 (30%) complete staghorns. Posteriorly, 6 additional borderline staghorns were completely removed by PCN and are not included in the present study. PCN was performed to reduce stone mass and for placement of a large renal drain to permit subsequent ESWL. At two months following treatment, 86.6% of the patients were completely stone-free. The remaining 13.4% with stone remnants presented anatomic and functional renal conditions that allow us to predict complete elimination within a short period of time. Since 6 months had not elapsed in these cases, these were not considered as residual fragments. One patient presented massive absorption of fluids. This was the only observed major and non-lethal complication. Episodes of fever were observed in 23% post-PCN. No patient presented severe sepsis. In our view, PCN combined with ESWL is one of the currently available therapeutic options in the treatment of staghorn calculi. This approach permits adequate resolution of cases that would have otherwise required surgery.

[Treatment of renoureteral lithiasis using extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy. Experience in Cuba]. / Tratamiento de la litiasis renoureteral mediante litotricia extracorpórea por ondas de choque. Experiencia en Cuba.

Herein we present our experience in 5,000 cases of reno-ureteral lithiasis submitted to treatment at the Extracorporeal Lithotripsy Unit of Hermanos Ameijeiras Hospital in Havana, Cuba, from April 1986 and during a period spanning 30 months. Treatment was exclusively by extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) in 85.5% of the patients and in combination with other procedures in 14.5% (endoscopic maneuvers in 5.9%, percutaneous nephrostomy 4.4%, open surgery 3.6%, and percutaneous nephrolithotripsy 0.6%). Complications were observed in 7% of the cases: ureteric obstruction (6.4%) with or without infection, perirenal hematoma (0.4%), and obstructive anuria (0.2%); acute urinary infection of different clinical types, some of which were very severe, were observed concomitantly in 2.6% of these patients. Two months following treatment, 86% of the cases were completely stone-free. At 6 months 96.2% were completely stone-free; the remaining 3.8% were classed as residual lithiasis. The pathologic conditions that put patients at high therapeutic risk and the possible complications that could arise were identified. The efficacy of the Dornier HM-3 lithotripter and the health care system that permits its extensive use are highlighted.

The meiotic chromosomes of Cebus apella (Cebidae, Platyrrhini)

An analysis of the meiotic chromosomes of Cebus apella (Cebidae, Platyrrhini) has allowed for the visualization of constitutive heterochromatic regions throughout the meiotic cycle and has permitted the identification of four chromosomes in the first and the second divisions. In pachytene nuclei, and in pachytene spreads where synaptonemal complexes were visible, one heterochromatic region was frequently unpaired. No chiasmata were found in heterochromatic regions, and there was no evidence of chiasma terminalization. The role of heterochromatin in homologous pairing and its relationship to chiasma position and number in meiotic configurations were discussed. A comparison was made between bivalent 9 in C. apella and bivalent 21 in man, based on the interspecific homologies between these chromosomes. A similar comparison was made between the Algerian and Asian hedgehogs, where marked differences in the content of constitutive heterochromatin occur in two chromosome pairs.