Erythropoietin attenuates experimental haemorrhagic shock-induced renal damage through an iNOS- dependent mechanism in male Wistar rats.

AIM: Erythropoietin (EPO) is shown to exert protective effects on different tissues in haemorrhagic shock (HS) states. Nitric oxide (NO), as a multifunctional signaling molecule, is implicated in diverse physiologic and pathologic processes. In order to understand the exact mechanism of EPO protection, in this study we evaluated the role of different NOS enzymes in the EPO signaling pathway in male rats. METHODS: Rats were randomized to five groups: 1) Sham, 2) HS 3) EPO 4) L-NAME, a non-specific NOS inhibitor 5) 1400W, a specific iNOS inhibitor. HS was induced by withdrawal of 50% of total blood volume. After 2h, resuscitation was performed with the shed blood and Ringer's lactate. In group 3, rats were treated with EPO (300IU/kg, i.v.) over 10min before HS induction. In the L-NAME and 1400W groups, L-NAME (10mg/kg, i.p.) and 1400W (2mg/kg, i.p.) were administered 30min before EPO injection. Blood and kidney tissue samples were obtained 3h after resuscitation. RESULTS: EPO increased the survival rate and significantly improved kidney function and histology compared to the HS group. There were less renal oxidative stress, apoptosis and systemic inflammatory responses in the EPO group. EPO increased eNOS and more abundantly iNOS mRNA expressions. L-NAME and 1400W significantly abolished all beneficial effects of EPO. CONCLUSION: In this in vivo animal model, we showed that EPO administration prior to HS attenuates renal injury and dysfunction in rats. The protective effects of EPO may be mediated by nitric oxide and the expression of different NOS enzymes, especially iNOS isoform.

Comparative proteomics study on meglumine antimoniate sensitive and resistant Leishmania tropica isolated from Iranian anthroponotic cutaneous leishmaniasis patients.

In order to define the protein expressional changes related to the process of meglumine antimoniate resistance in anthroponotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL), we performed a comparative proteomics analysis on sensitive and resistant strains of Leishmania tropica isolated from Iranian CL patients. Cell proteins were analysed with 2-dimensional electrophoresis and differentially expressed proteins were identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Image analysis of the matched maps identified 7 proteins that were either over- or down-expressed: activated protein kinase c receptor(LACK), alpha tubulin (x2), prostaglandin f2-alpha synthase, protein disulfide isomerase, vesicular transport protein and a hypothetical protein. The study shows the usefulness of proteomics in identifying proteins that may express differences between sensitive and resistant L. tropica isolates.

Comparative proteomics study on meglumine antimoniate sensitive and resistant Leishmania tropica isolated from Iranian anthroponotic cutaneous leishmaniasis patients

In order to define the protein expressional changes related to the process of meglumine antimoniate resistance in anthroponotic cutaneous leishmaniasis [CL], we performed a comparative proteomics analysis on sensitive and resistant strains of Leishmania tropica isolated from Iranian CL patients. Cell proteins were analysed with 2-dimensional electrophoresis and differentially expressed proteins were identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Image analysis of the matched maps identified 7 proteins that were either over- or down-expressed: activated protein kinase c receptor [LACK], alpha tubulin [X2], prostaglandin f2-alpha synthase, protein disulfide isomerase, vesicular transport protein and a hypothetical protein. The study shows the usefulness of proteomics in identifying proteins that may express differences between sensitive and resistant L. tropica isolates