Characterization of the complete chloroplast genome of Citrus reticulate (Rutaceae, Citrus).

The peel of Citrus reticulata can be useful as a kind of traditional Chinese medicine in China. The circular complete chloroplast genome of Citrus reticulata was 160,101 bp in length with the typical quadripartite structure of angiosperms, including 87,721 bp large single-copy region (LSC), 18,394 bp small single-copy region (SSC) of and a pair of 26,993 bp inverted repeat (IR) regions. The overall nucleotide composition of chloroplast genome sequence is 30.5% A, 31.0% T, C (19.6%), G (18.9%), and the total G + C content of 38.5%. A total of 138 genes were annotated in chloroplast genome of C. reticulata. The phylogenetic tree result showed that C. reticulata was evolutionarily close to Citrus sinensis in the family Rutaceae the genus Citrus by the maximum-likelihood (ML) method.

A critical role of neural-specific JNK3 for ischemic apoptosis.

c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling is an important contributor to stress-induced apoptosis, but it is unclear whether JNK and its isoforms (JNK1, JNK2, and JNK3) have distinct roles in cerebral ischemia. Here we show that JNK1 is the major isoform responsible for the high level of basal JNK activity in the brain. In contrast, targeted deletion of Jnk3 not only reduces the stress-induced JNK activity, but also protects mice from brain injury after cerebral ischemia-hypoxia. The downstream mechanism of JNK3-mediated apoptosis may include the induction of Bim and Fas and the mitochondrial release of cytochrome c. These results suggest that JNK3 is a potential target for neuroprotection therapies in stroke.

[Seventeen cases of nonmyeloablative stem cell transplantation using a conditioning regimen containing fludarabine].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the efficiency and toxicity of non-myeloablative stem cell transplantation (NAST) for hematological disease. METHODS: Seventeen patients, including 3 acute myeloid leukemia, 6 chronic myelogenous leukemia, 4 severe aplastic anemia, 2 non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, 1 multiple myeloma and 1 myelodysplastic syndromes received NAST from HLA-identical sibling donors. Peripheral blood stem cells were mobilized by G-CSF 300 microg/12 hours x 5 d. (2.15 -10.01) x 10(6) CD(34)(+) cells/kg were transplanted. A non-myeloablative conditioning regimen included fludarabine 30 mg.m(-2).d(-1) x 6 d;busulfan 4 mg.kg(-1).d(-1) x 2 d or cyclophosphamide 50 mg.kg(-1).d(-1) x 2 d and antilymphocytic globulin 12 approximately 15 mg.kg(-1).d(-1) x 4 d. Cyclosporin A was used to prevent graft versus host disease (GVHD) alone and no G-CSF was administered after NAST. RESULT: Hematopoiesis reconstitution resumed on day 8 to day 19 (average of day 13). Severe mucositis was absent. Hepatic venoocclusive disease did not occur. Infectious complications were rare. Acute and chronic GVHD each occurred in 5 patients. Idiopathic pneumonia was developed in 5 patients. In the follow-up duration of 120 to 425 days, 16 of the 17 cases had a stable mixed or complete chimerical states. Fourteen of 17 patients are alive. CONCLUSION: NAST is an effective therapy in the treatment of hematological diseases with less complications, less blood transfusion and lower cost.

Seventeen cases of nonmyeloablative stem cell transplantation using a conditioning regimen containing fludarabine / 中华血液学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the efficiency and toxicity of non-myeloablative stem cell transplantation (NAST) for hematological disease.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Seventeen patients, including 3 acute myeloid leukemia, 6 chronic myelogenous leukemia, 4 severe aplastic anemia, 2 non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, 1 multiple myeloma and 1 myelodysplastic syndromes received NAST from HLA-identical sibling donors. Peripheral blood stem cells were mobilized by G-CSF 300 microg/12 hours x 5 d. (2.15 -10.01) x 10(6) CD(34)(+) cells/kg were transplanted. A non-myeloablative conditioning regimen included fludarabine 30 mg.m(-2).d(-1) x 6 d;busulfan 4 mg.kg(-1).d(-1) x 2 d or cyclophosphamide 50 mg.kg(-1).d(-1) x 2 d and antilymphocytic globulin 12 approximately 15 mg.kg(-1).d(-1) x 4 d. Cyclosporin A was used to prevent graft versus host disease (GVHD) alone and no G-CSF was administered after NAST.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Hematopoiesis reconstitution resumed on day 8 to day 19 (average of day 13). Severe mucositis was absent. Hepatic venoocclusive disease did not occur. Infectious complications were rare. Acute and chronic GVHD each occurred in 5 patients. Idiopathic pneumonia was developed in 5 patients. In the follow-up duration of 120 to 425 days, 16 of the 17 cases had a stable mixed or complete chimerical states. Fourteen of 17 patients are alive.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>NAST is an effective therapy in the treatment of hematological diseases with less complications, less blood transfusion and lower cost.</p>