A relação complexa entre efetividade do sistema de justiça e a subjetividade pós-moderna / The complex relation between the effectiveness of the justice system and the post-modern subjectiveness

Atualmente parece existir um paradoxo envolvendo o sistema de justiça: de um lado amplia-se a percepção que em geral não é efetivo, e de outro, expande-se a demanda por sua intervenção para solução de problemas de complexidades variáveis. Entre diversos fatores que poderiam explicar tal paradoxo, esse estudo teórico tem como objetivo analisar a influência da subjetividade pós-moderna na efetividade do sistema de justiça. Por ser a temática desse artigo transdisciplinar – Direito, Psicologia e Sociologia -a partir do paradigma da complexidade de Edgar Morin opta-se pela abordagem sistêmica dos fenômenos, associada à perspectiva teórica sociocultural de construção da subjetividade. Mediante pesquisa bibliográfica qualitativa e de caráter explicativo disserta-se sobre a subjetividade pós-moderna avinda de uma configuração social especifica como limitante para a efetividade jurídica e como variável importante na judicialização. Conclui-se que a justiça que todos buscam está tecida na relação entre o campo jurídico, psicológico e social, sendo que as perspectivas individuais de justiça do sujeito pós-moderno nunca serão atendidas pelo judiciário. E estes dois elementos, sujeito e sistema de justiça, estão imersos numa específica configuração social contemporânea que os constrói e provoca demandas de acordo com ditames de uma sociedade neoliberal.(AU)

There seems to be a paradox involving the Justice System nowadays: in one hand the general notion of its inefficiency is growing, on the other hand, grows the urge for its intervention in solving problems of variable complexities. Among the several factors that could explain said paradox, this theoretical study aims to analyze the influence that post-modern subjectiveness plays in the effectiveness of the justice system. Once the theme of this article is transdisciplinary – Law, Psychology and Sociology – through the complexity paradigm of Edgar Moroni it is chosen to systemically access the phenomena with the theoretical and sociocultural construction of subjectiveness. Through bibliographical qualitative research in an explicative manner, it is written about the post-modern subjectiveness in agreement with a specific social configuration as a constraining to the juridical effectiveness and as a relevant variable in judicialization. There is the conclusion that the form of justice which people seek is woven in the relation among the juridic, psychological and social fields even though the particular expectations on justice for the post-modern individual will never be achieved by the justice system. And those elements, individual and justice system, are immersed in a specific contemporary social configuration that creates demands according to the understandings of a neoliberal society.(AU)

Ivermectin acute administration impaired the spermatogenesis and spermiogenesis of adult rats.

Ivermectin (IVM) is an antiparasitic agent widely used in agricultural, domestic animals and in human clinical practice. In the present study, the temporal effects of therapeutic doses of IVM in the morphometric and histological assessment of testis were studied to verify if IVM acute administration impaired the spermatogenesis and spermiogenesis of adult rats, if these effects are reversible. The testosterone levels and the plasmatic IVM levels were assessed. The results show: 1) IVM acute exposure, mainly in the higher dose, reduced the testicular volume, the tubular diameter and the germinal epithelium height; 2) no interferences on Leydig cells frequency; 3) histological studies show that tubular sections containing several histological changes indicative of spermatogenesis interruption, such as disorganization of germinal epithelium, vacuolar degeneration of the germ cells and sloughing of cells into the tubular lumen; 4) no differences in testosterone levels; 5) The IVM plasmatic levels were significantly reduced at 72h after the 0.2mg/kg. It was concluded that acute IVM impaired the spermatogenesis and spermiogenesis of rats. Probably these effects were not consequence of IVM at the Leydig cells because no effects were observed at this level. Finally, our results suggest that some testicular effects are reversible and correlated with the plasmatic levels of IVM.

Subjetividade pós-moderna e relações sociais: implicações para a efetividade do sistema de justiça / Postmodern subjectivity and social relations: implications for the effectiveness of the legal system

O desafio da efetividade do sistema de justiça atual é de alta complexidade, pois apesar de ser competência do âmbito jurídico, vários campos de conhecimento estão implicados, sendo necessária escolha de paradigma adequado para análise. Aborda-se o tema mediante revisão de literatura sob a ótica do paradigma da complexidade, onde Ciências Sociais, Psicologia e Direito se entrelaçam, considerando a pós-modernidade como contexto que circunscreve o funcionamento do sistema de justiça. O objetivo é demonstrar a influência da subjetividade contemporânea no funcionamento do sistema de justiça. Para isso, apresenta-se o mundo contemporâneo regido por novos ditames, o que propicia que a subjetividade e conduta dos indivíduos, respondam a uma lógica maior que determina sua forma de ser-no-mundo sendo 431411que organizações sociais -incluindo o sistema jurídico ­também podem ser analisadas sob a ótica dessa ordem social específica. Na contemporaneidade os indivíduos buscam bem-estar a qualquer preço, seja pelo consumo excessivo, uso de drogas, manipulação de regras, ou seja acionando o sistema de justiça na procura da sua justiça. Na medida em que indivíduos se libertam das amarras sociais na busca de viver de acordo com seu Eu , mais suas relações complicam, criando inúmeras demandas judiciais pelo comportamento consumista e desdobramentos das desigualdades e violação de direitos. Conclui-se que os desafios da efetividade do sistema de justiça talvez impliquem em descompassos entre o que seria efetividade para esse sistema e para a demanda dos sujeitos pós-modernos que o procuram, a qual é resultante de funcionamento social específico.

The challenge of the effectiveness of the current legal system is highly complex, because, despite being the competence of the legal sphere, various knowledge fields are involved, requiring choice of suitable paradigm for analysis. The issue is addressed by means of literature reviewing under the perspective of complexity paradigm, in which Social Sciences, Psychology and Law are intertwined, considering postmodernity as context that limits the legal system operation. The goal is to show the influence of contemporary subjectivity on the legal system operation. For this purpose, the contemporary world is presented governed by new dictates, which provides that subjectivity and individual's behavior respond to higher logic that determines its way of being in the world; and social organizations -including the legal system -can also be analyzed under the perspective of this particular social order. In contemporary times, individuals seek well-being at any cost, either by excessive consumption, drug use, or maneuvering the rules, i.e., triggering the legal system, searching their righteousness. To the extent that individuals break free from social constraints in the pursuit of to live according to themselves, their relations become more complicated, creating numerous lawsuits by consumerist behavior and consequences of inequalities and violation of rights. It is concluded that the challenges of the effectiveness of the legal system may involve mismatches, regarding what would be effective for this system and the demand from postmodern individuals who seek it, which are the result of specific social operation

Pesticide residues evaluation in brazilian basic diet: rice and bean

Rice and bean constitute the basic diet in underdeveloped countries.In Brazil, the acquisition per capita of these aliments is around182.9 g/day (beans) and 160.3 g/day (rice). In the present work wereevaluated the pesticide residue contamination on these aliments,and possible risks for the consumer health. Pesticide residues wereevaluated in 364 bean samples and 143 rice samples commercializedin Sao Paulo City (BRAZIL). A multi-residue method (DFG S19) wasemployed with gas and liquid chromatography identifi cation andquantifi cation. Dietary intake estimation was processed using the Acute Dietary Ingestion (ADI) based on national data regarding foodconsumption. Residues of pesticides that, according to the Brazilianlegislation, are not allowed for this culture were detected respectivelyin 4.5% and 3.6% of the bean and rice samples. However, none ofthe samples had pesticide residues above the Maximum ResidueLevel (MRL). The European Union (EU) database showed that 7.3%of the bean sample and 85.7% of rice presented pesticide residuesabove the MRL. The toxicological parameter used for assessing therisk of contamination (ADI <100%) was not exceeded in none of thecommodities. The results do not pose a hazard for the consumer’shealth. Nevertheless, the presence of multiple residues indicatesthat continuous studies and monitoring of these commodities arerequired.