Morte súbita pós-estresse não traumático em cão submetido a procedimento estético / No traumatic sudden death following stetic procedure in a dog / Muerte súbita por stress no traumático durante baño y corte en un perro

Ambientes destinados a procedimentos de banho e tosa expõem os animais a grande número de agentes estressores, como ruidos de secadores, alterações na temperatura e manipulação por desconhecidos, causando apreensão, ansiedade, medo e podendo levar ao óbito por traumas físicos em tentativas de fuga ou por colapso respiratório secundário a estresse agudo. Relata-se o caso de uma cadela da raça shih-tzu de 6 meses de idade, higida e sem sinais prévios de doença respiratória ou cardiovascular, que foi a óbito algumas horas após banho em per shop, com sintomas de estresse e insuficiência respiratória aguda e com alterações necroscópicas compatíveis com hemorragia e edema pulmonar, sem sinais de trauma craniano ou em outros órgãos. Ressalta-se a importância da minimização do estresse aos animais nos procedimentos de banho e tosa, a fim de evitar esses acidentes, bem como da presença do profissional responsável pelo estabelecimento, para que tomem medidas cabíveis e precoces para reverter esses quadros potencialmente fatais.(AU)

Environments for bathing and grooming procedures expose animals to a large number of stressors, such as dryer's noise, changes in temperature and manipulation by strange people, causing apprehension, anxiety and fear that can lead to death due to physical trauma in attempts to escape or due to respiratory collapse secondary to acute stress. We report the case of a 6-month-old female Shih-tzu, with no previous signs of respiratory or cardiovascular disease, who died a few hours after bathing in a pet shop, with symptoms of stress and acute respiratory failure and with necroscopic changes compatible with hemorrhage and pulmonar edema, without signs of cranial trauma or trauma in other organs. The importance of minimizing stress in grooming procedures is emphasized, in order to avoid these acidentes, as well as the presence of the veterinarian responsible for the establishment, so that appropriate and early measures can be taken to prevent these potentially fatal conditions.(AU)

Los ambientes destinados para baño y corte de pelo suelen colocar a los animales frente a un gran número de agentes estresantes, como ruídos de los secadores, alteraciones de temperatura y manosea de desconocidos, lo que provoca aprensión, ansiedad y miedo, situaciones que pueden llevar a la muerte por traumas trabajo se relata el caso de una perra Shih-tzu de 6 meses, sana y sin signos previos fisicos cuando intentan huir, o por colapso respiratorio por stress agudo. En este de enfermedad respiratoria o cardioascular, que murió unas horas despues de bañarse en un pet shop, con síntomas de stress e insuficiencia respiratoria aguda. El animal presentó alteraciones en la necropsia compatibles con hemorragia y edema de pulmón, y ausencia de trauma cranioencefálico o de otros órganos. Se destaca la importancia de minimizar el stres durante el baño y corte de pelo, para evitar estos accidentes, así como la presencia de un profesional responsable del establecimiento, para que se puedan tomar las medidas necesarias, de forma precoz para revertir estos cuadros potencialmente fatales.(AU)

Profile and costs involved in long-term compulsory hospitalization of psychiatric patients

Objective: Involuntary hospitalization for acute psychiatry cases can be acceptable when there is potential harm. However, there are few reasons for a patient committed on these grounds to stay in an institution for a long period. The objective of the present study was to identify the profile and costs of compulsory hospitalizations over 20 days in a public psychiatric hospital in the coastal region of the state of São Paulo. Methods: Retrospective data were collected from the medical records of 1,064 patients admitted between July 2013 and June 2016 from an intensive mental healthcare unit in Santos, state of São Paulo, Brazil. Results: Records were found of 527 patients who had been hospitalized for at least 21 days during the study period. Long-term hospitalization related to judicial mandates represented 5.9% of the total sample. These patients stayed in the hospital for an average period of 142 days, while patients hospitalized for any other reason stayed an average period of 35 days (p < 0.001). The cost of a long-term court-ordered hospitalization averaged US$ 21,311 per patient. Conclusion: Judicial mandate has been an important reason for the long-term hospitalization of chronic psychiatric patients in Santos, Brazil.

Profile and costs involved in long-term compulsory hospitalization of psychiatric patients.

OBJECTIVE: Involuntary hospitalization for acute psychiatry cases can be acceptable when there is potential harm. However, there are few reasons for a patient committed on these grounds to stay in an institution for a long period. The objective of the present study was to identify the profile and costs of compulsory hospitalizations over 20 days in a public psychiatric hospital in the coastal region of the state of São Paulo. METHODS: Retrospective data were collected from the medical records of 1,064 patients admitted between July 2013 and June 2016 from an intensive mental healthcare unit in Santos, state of São Paulo, Brazil. RESULTS: Records were found of 527 patients who had been hospitalized for at least 21 days during the study period. Long-term hospitalization related to judicial mandates represented 5.9% of the total sample. These patients stayed in the hospital for an average period of 142 days, while patients hospitalized for any other reason stayed an average period of 35 days (p < 0.001). The cost of a long-term court-ordered hospitalization averaged US$ 21,311 per patient. CONCLUSION: Judicial mandate has been an important reason for the long-term hospitalization of chronic psychiatric patients in Santos, Brazil.

Leite de búfalas Murrah, criadas em São Paulo (Brasil): influência da idade, fase de lactação, momento da ordenha e isolamento bacteriano na composição físico-química e celular / Milk of Murrah buffaloes bred in São Paulo (Brazil): influence of age, lactation phase, time of milking and bacterial isolation in the physical-chemical and cell composition

O presente estudo objetivou avaliar valores físico-químicos ecelulares do leite de búfalas criadas em São Paulo, Brasil, assimcomo evidenciar relações entre o isolamento bacteriano e alteraçõesnesses constituintes, contribuindo dessa forma para o diagnósticodas diferentes formas de mastite. Os valores consideradoscomo de referência para o leite de búfalas, segundo as fases delactação (inicial, intermediária e final), foram respectivamente:para o pH 6,89; 6,85 e 6,9; para a eletrocondutividade 3,82;4,02 e 4,49 mS/cm; para os teores de cloreto 18,21; 20,13 e26,49 mg/dl; para os teores de gordura 4,25; 3,70 e 3,56 g/dl;para os teores de proteína 3,97; 4,03 e 4,5 g/dl; para os teoresde lactose 5,11; 5,08 e 4,81 g/dl; para os teores de sólidostotais 14,55; 13,88 e 13,93 g/dl e para o número de célulassomáticas 29.000; 29.000 e 26.000 cel/ml. As bactérias isoladascom maior frequência foram as dos gêneros: Corynebacterium(28,5%); Staphylococcus (24,7%); Streptococcus (15,8%); e Arcanobacteriumpyogenes (11,4%), com uma prevalência igual a20,1%. O número de isolamentos bacterianos aumentou significativamentecom o evoluir da lactação. Em contraste, o momentoda ordenha não influenciou no número de isolamentos.

The objective of the present study was to evaluate physicalchemicaland cellular contents of the milk of buffaloes bred inthe state of São Paulo, Brazil, and to draw relationships betweenthese values and microbiological results, contributing significantlyfor the diagnosis of different forms of mastitis. Reference valuesfor buffalo milk, according to the phase of lactation (beginning,middle and end of lactation) were, respectively: pH, 6.89; 6.85and 6.9; electro conductivity, 3.82; 4.02 and 4.49 mS/cm; chloridecontent, 18.72; 20.13 and 26.49 mg/dl; fat content 4.25;3.70 and 3.56 g/dl; protein content, 3.97; 4.03 and 4.5 g/dl;lactose content, 5.11; 5.08 and 4.81 g/dl; total solid content,14.55; 13.88 and 13.93 g/dl, and somatic cell counts, 29,000;29,000 and 26,000 cells/ml. Results support that the phase oflactation influence pH, electroconductivity, chloride, fat, protein,lactose and total solid contents, as well as somatic cell counts.Fat, protein, lactose, total solid and somatic cell counts contentswere influenced by the moment of sample collection (before orafter milking), respectively, with the following values: 3.90 and8.9 g/dl; 4.12 and 3.67 g/dl; 5.02 and 4.64 g/dl; 14.18 and18.31 g/dl, and 29,000 and 56,000 cells/ml. Bacterial generamore frequently isolated were Corynebacterium sp (28.5%); Staphylococcussp (24.7%); Streptococcus sp (15.8%); and Arcanobacteriumpyogenes (11.4%), with prevalence equal to 20.1%.The frequency of bacterial isolation increased significantly withlactation. However, the moment of milking did not influence isolation.There was a relationship between the variation in somemilk constituents that present clinical significance for the diagnosisof buffalo mastitis.

Leite de búfalas Murrah, criadas em São Paulo (Brasil): influência da idade, fase de lactação, momento da ordenha e isolamento bacteriano na composição físico-química e celular / Milk of Murrah buffaloes bred in São Paulo (Brazil): influence of age, lactation phase, time of milking and bacterial isolation in the physical-chemical and cell composition

O presente estudo objetivou avaliar valores físico-químicos ecelulares do leite de búfalas criadas em São Paulo, Brasil, assimcomo evidenciar relações entre o isolamento bacteriano e alteraçõesnesses constituintes, contribuindo dessa forma para o diagnósticodas diferentes formas de mastite. Os valores consideradoscomo de referência para o leite de búfalas, segundo as fases delactação (inicial, intermediária e final), foram respectivamente:para o pH 6,89; 6,85 e 6,9; para a eletrocondutividade 3,82;4,02 e 4,49 mS/cm; para os teores de cloreto 18,21; 20,13 e26,49 mg/dl; para os teores de gordura 4,25; 3,70 e 3,56 g/dl;para os teores de proteína 3,97; 4,03 e 4,5 g/dl; para os teoresde lactose 5,11; 5,08 e 4,81 g/dl; para os teores de sólidostotais 14,55; 13,88 e 13,93 g/dl e para o número de célulassomáticas 29.000; 29.000 e 26.000 cel/ml. As bactérias isoladascom maior frequência foram as dos gêneros: Corynebacterium(28,5%); Staphylococcus (24,7%); Streptococcus (15,8%); e Arcanobacteriumpyogenes (11,4%), com uma prevalência igual a20,1%. O número de isolamentos bacterianos aumentou significativamentecom o evoluir da lactação. Em contraste, o momentoda ordenha não influenciou no número de isolamentos.(AU)

The objective of the present study was to evaluate physicalchemicaland cellular contents of the milk of buffaloes bred inthe state of São Paulo, Brazil, and to draw relationships betweenthese values and microbiological results, contributing significantlyfor the diagnosis of different forms of mastitis. Reference valuesfor buffalo milk, according to the phase of lactation (beginning,middle and end of lactation) were, respectively: pH, 6.89; 6.85and 6.9; electro conductivity, 3.82; 4.02 and 4.49 mS/cm; chloridecontent, 18.72; 20.13 and 26.49 mg/dl; fat content 4.25;3.70 and 3.56 g/dl; protein content, 3.97; 4.03 and 4.5 g/dl;lactose content, 5.11; 5.08 and 4.81 g/dl; total solid content,14.55; 13.88 and 13.93 g/dl, and somatic cell counts, 29,000;29,000 and 26,000 cells/ml. Results support that the phase oflactation influence pH, electroconductivity, chloride, fat, protein,lactose and total solid contents, as well as somatic cell counts.Fat, protein, lactose, total solid and somatic cell counts contentswere influenced by the moment of sample collection (before orafter milking), respectively, with the following values: 3.90 and8.9 g/dl; 4.12 and 3.67 g/dl; 5.02 and 4.64 g/dl; 14.18 and18.31 g/dl, and 29,000 and 56,000 cells/ml. Bacterial generamore frequently isolated were Corynebacterium sp (28.5%); Staphylococcussp (24.7%); Streptococcus sp (15.8%); and Arcanobacteriumpyogenes (11.4%), with prevalence equal to 20.1%.The frequency of bacterial isolation increased significantly withlactation. However, the moment of milking did not influence isolation.There was a relationship between the variation in somemilk constituents that present clinical significance for the diagnosisof buffalo mastitis.(AU)