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1.
BMJ Case Rep ; 15(12)2022 Dec 30.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36585047

RESUMO

The aim of the work has been to report on the effects of vibrostimulation, administered through wearable technology, on stereotyped behaviour of a child in middle childhood, with autism, intellectual disability and severe behaviour in the 'stereotypic behaviour' subscale of the Restricted and Repetitive Behaviour Revised Scale. He received vibrostimulation (210 Hz, 2.8 µm), with a continuous pattern of vibration: three vibrations of 700 ms, each separated by a rest period of 500 ms and a pause of 8000 ms. Vibration was delivered bilaterally by two devices, repeating the vibration pattern for 3 min. The measures were repeated four times alternately, with the device turned off and on. The outcome measure was frequency of stereotyed behaviour, which was evaluated for 3 min with and without vibrostimulation. The results and observations, over 3 min of stimulation, showed the disappearance of stereotyped movements during vibrostimulation and better precision in intentional hand movements. Subjectively, the child enjoyed vibrostimulation.


Assuntos
Transtorno Autístico , Deficiência Intelectual , Masculino , Criança , Humanos , Transtorno Autístico/complicações , Transtorno Autístico/terapia , Comportamento Estereotipado/fisiologia , Movimento , Vibração/uso terapêutico
2.
Appl Neuropsychol Child ; 8(2): 101-112, 2019.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29161137

RESUMO

The primary aim of this study is to increase the existing knowledge about the pragmatic skills of children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Specifically, the study has two objectives. The first is to provide a profile of characteristics based on The Children's Communication Checklist (CCC-2) pragmatics scales (inappropriate initiation, stereotyped language, use of context, nonverbal communication, and general pragmatics) and narrative task indicators. To this end, children with ASD will be compared to children with typical development (TD), controlling the effects of sex and structural language (speech, syntax, semantics, coherence). The second objective is to analyze whether theory of mind (ToM), verbal working memory, ADHD symptoms, and structural language can predict pragmatic competence in children with ASD without intellectual disability (ID). The results showed worse performance in the group with ASD on the majority of the pragmatic aspects evaluated. In addition, the application of ToM skills and structural language were significant predictors of the pragmatic skills of the children with ASD. These findings reinforce the importance of focusing intervention programs on mentalist abilities through experiences in real social scenarios, along with strengthening structural language components.


Assuntos
Transtorno do Deficit de Atenção com Hiperatividade/fisiopatologia , Transtorno do Espectro Autista/fisiopatologia , Transtornos do Desenvolvimento da Linguagem/fisiopatologia , Memória de Curto Prazo/fisiologia , Transtorno de Comunicação Social/fisiopatologia , Teoria da Mente/fisiologia , Aprendizagem Verbal/fisiologia , Transtorno do Deficit de Atenção com Hiperatividade/etiologia , Transtorno do Espectro Autista/complicações , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Transtornos do Desenvolvimento da Linguagem/etiologia , Masculino , Transtorno de Comunicação Social/etiologia
3.
Rev. neurol. (Ed. impr.) ; 66(supl.1): S127-S132, 1 mar., 2018. graf, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-171903

RESUMO

Introducción. El trastorno del espectro autista (TEA) y el trastorno por déficit de atención/hiperactividad (TDAH) presentan dificultades en el funcionamiento adaptativo y en el aprendizaje, que posiblemente están asociadas a fallos en el funcionamiento ejecutivo característicos de ambos trastornos. Objetivo. Analizar el impacto del funcionamiento ejecutivo en las conductas adaptativas de socialización y de la vida diaria y en conductas de aprendizaje en niños con TEA y niños con TDAH. Sujetos y métodos. Los participantes fueron 124 niños igualados en edad y cociente intelectual: 37 con desarrollo típico, 52 con TEA y 35 niños con TDAH. Los padres informaron sobre las conductas adaptativas, y los profesores, sobre las conductas de aprendizaje y del funcionamiento ejecutivo en la vida diaria. Resultados. Existen diferencias significativas entre los grupos con TEA y con TDAH y el grupo con desarrollo típico en los dominios evaluados. Además, el grupo con TEA tenía peores habilidades de socialización, pero la persistencia en el aprendizaje estaba más afectada en los niños con TDAH. Por último, el índice metacognitivo de funcionamiento ejecutivo predijo la socialización y la persistencia de los niños con TEA, mientras que el índice de regulación comportamental y el nivel educativo de los padres predijo las habilidades de socialización en los niños con TDAH. Conclusiones. Los resultados sugieren la necesidad de incluir estrategias ejecutivas en la intervención de niños con TEA y niños con TDAH (AU)


Introduction. Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) present difficulties in adaptive functioning and learning, possibly associated with failures in executive functioning characteristic of both disorders. Aim. To analyze the impact of executive functioning in the adaptive behaviors of socialization and daily life and in learning behaviors in children with ASD and children with ADHD. Subjects and methods. The participants were 124 children matched in age and intellectual quotient: 37 children with typical development, 52 children with ASD and 35 children with ADHD. Parents reported on their children's adaptive behaviors, while teachers provided information on learning behaviors and executive functioning in daily life. Results. There are significant differences between the groups with ASD and ADHD with the typical development group in all domains evaluated. In addition, the group with ASD had worse socialization skills while persistence in learning was more affected in children with ADHD. Finally, the metacognitive index of executive functioning predicted the socialization and persistence of children with ASD. On the other hand, the index of behavioral regulation and the educational level of the parents predicted the socialization skills in children with ADHD. Conclusions. The results highlight the need to include differentiated executive strategies in the intervention of children with ASD and children with ADHD (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Criança , Transtorno do Deficit de Atenção com Hiperatividade/diagnóstico , Transtornos do Neurodesenvolvimento/diagnóstico , Adaptação Psicológica , Deficiências da Aprendizagem/diagnóstico , Transtorno do Espectro Autista/diagnóstico , Fatores de Risco , Função Executiva , Metacognição
4.
Psicothema ; 29(4): 514-519, 2017 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29048312

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: The social maladjustment suffered by many children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is maintained over time, increasing the risk of subsequent adverse outcomes. The objectives of the study were to explore the mechanisms that operate between ADHD symptoms and social problems with peers, considering the mediation of FE and ToM. METHOD: 35 children with ADHD and 37 with typical development matched in age and IQ were compared. Parents assessed ToM skills and relationships with peers, and teachers provided EF ratings. RESULTS: The analyses showed statistically significant indirect mediation effects of EF in the relationship between ADHD symptoms and problems in relationships with peers, whereas ToM did not show these effects. CONCLUSIONS: EF impairments contribute to the social difficulties of children with ADHD.


Assuntos
Transtorno do Deficit de Atenção com Hiperatividade/diagnóstico , Transtorno do Deficit de Atenção com Hiperatividade/psicologia , Função Executiva , Problemas Sociais , Teoria da Mente , Criança , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Grupo Associado
5.
Rev. neurol. (Ed. impr.) ; 64(supl.1): s39-s44, 2017.
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-163032

RESUMO

Introducción. Las dificultades en la comunicación social constituyen una de las alteraciones nucleares que experimentan las personas con trastorno del espectro autista (TEA). Esta problemática provoca sentimientos de soledad y exclusión social, que repercuten negativamente en la calidad de vida. Objetivo. Revisar las características de las principales intervenciones en este ámbito en el TEA de alto funcionamiento. Desarrollo. Se sintetizan estrategias como las historias sociales, comic-strip conversations o videomodelaje, e intervenciones mediadas por pares y tratamientos multicomponente. Conclusiones. El diseño de los actuales programas ha evolucionado hacia enfoques más ecológicos, considerándose a la familia, a los profesores y a los compañeros en el tratamiento. Las últimas síntesis de la bibliografía han evidenciado mejoras significativas tras su implementación, lo que se ha manifestado en una mejor competencia social y un menor sentimiento de soledad. La intervención en comunicación social debe combinar la instrucción individualizada con la consideración del entorno del niño y de la motivación hacia la interacción comunicativa (AU)


Introduction. The difficulties encountered when it comes to social communication are one of the core disorders experienced by persons with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). This problem leads to feelings of loneliness and social exclusion, which negatively affect the quality of life. Aims. To review the characteristics of the main interventions in this field in high-functioning ASD. Development. Strategies employed include social stories, comic-strip conversations or videomodelling, and interventions mediated by peers and multicomponent treatments. Conclusions. The design of the programmes used today has evolved towards more ecological approaches that take the family, teachers and companions into account in the treatment. The most recent literature reviews have found evidence of significant improvements following their implementation, which has been reflected in better social competence and lesser feelings of loneliness. The social communication intervention must combine individualised instruction with consideration of the child’s environment and the motivation towards communicative interaction (AU)


Assuntos
Criança , Humanos , 35249 , Transtorno do Espectro Autista/epidemiologia , Transtorno do Espectro Autista/psicologia , Qualidade de Vida , Intervenção Educacional Precoce/tendências , Aptidão/fisiologia , Meio Ambiente
6.
Rev. neurol. (Ed. impr.) ; 64(supl.1): s111-s116, 2017. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-163044

RESUMO

Introducción. Los déficits en funcionamiento ejecutivo y en teoría de la mente (ToM) están presentes en los niños con trastorno por déficit de atención/hiperactividad (TDAH). Identificar la magnitud de la asociación entre funcionamiento ejecutivo y ToM resulta primordial para la comprensión del trastorno. Objetivos. Adoptando un enfoque de evaluación naturalista, se analiza la capacidad del funcionamiento ejecutivo frente a la ToM para discriminar entre niños con TDAH y con desarrollo típico, y se identifica el grado de asociación entre déficits en los componentes de funcionamiento ejecutivo (regulación conductual y metacognitivos) y de la ToM. Sujetos y métodos. Participaron un grupo de 35 niños con TDAH y otro de 37 niños con desarrollo típico entre 7 y 11 años, igualados en edad y capacidad intelectual. Los padres evaluaron las habilidades de ToM y los profesores estimaron las funciones ejecutivas. Resultados y conclusiones. El porcentaje de niños con TDAH clasificados correctamente fue superior en el análisis discriminante al introducir los componentes de funcionamiento ejecutivo como variable independiente, que en el análisis discriminante realizado con la ToM. No obstante, un elevado porcentaje de niños con déficits en funcionamiento ejecutivo también tenían problemas en ToM. Se revisan intervenciones enfocadas en el desarrollo de un rango amplio de procesos ejecutivos (AU)


Introduction. Executive functions and theory of mind (ToM) deficits are present in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Identifying the magnitude of the association between executive functions and ToM is important for understanding the disorder. Aims. This study adopts a naturalistic evaluation approach to analyze the executive functions versus ToM ability to discriminate between children with ADHD and typically developing children and to identify the degree of association between deficits in the components of executive functions (behavioral regulation and metacognitive) and ToM. Subjects and methods. Thirty-five children with ADHD and 37 typically developing children-7 to 11 years old, matched in age and intelligence quotient, participated in this study. Parents assessed ToM skills and teachers estimated the executive functions. Results and conclusions. The percentage of children with ADHD classified correctly was higher in the discriminant analysis where the executive functions components were introduced as an independent variable than in the discriminant analysis performed with the ToM. However, a high percentage of children with executive functions deficits had also problems in ToM. Interventions focused on the development of a broad range of executive processes are reviewed (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Criança , Transtorno do Deficit de Atenção com Hiperatividade/diagnóstico , Transtorno do Deficit de Atenção com Hiperatividade/terapia , Teoria da Mente/fisiologia , Testes de Discriminação da Fala/métodos , Aptidão/fisiologia , Educação de Pessoa com Deficiência Intelectual/tendências , Deficiência Intelectual/diagnóstico , Deficiência Intelectual/terapia , Apoio Social , Estimulantes do Sistema Nervoso Central/uso terapêutico , Inquéritos e Questionários
7.
Rev. neurol. (Ed. impr.) ; 62(supl.1): s85-s91, 21 feb., 2016. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-151032

RESUMO

Introducción. Los niños con trastorno por déficit de atención/hiperactividad (TDAH) experimentan dificultades sociales que afectan a su funcionamiento personal y académico. Objetivo. Revisar los estudios que han abordado la influencia de las habilidades cognitivas y afectivas implicadas en su adaptación social, desde la perspectiva de un modelo integrador que incluye el funcionamiento ejecutivo, las habilidades mentalistas y el lenguaje pragmático. Desarrollo. Las investigaciones revisadas constatan una asociación entre funcionamiento ejecutivo (memoria de trabajo, inhibición, planificación), habilidad pragmática y rendimiento en tareas mentalistas, con la problemática social que experimentan las personas con TDAH. Conclusiones. Aunque la bibliografía respalda una relación entre estos constructos, los déficits observados en la ejecución de tareas de teoría de la mente o en el uso del lenguaje parecen responder más bien a un déficit de carácter procedimental y no tanto a dificultades de índole conceptual (AU)


Introduction. Children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) experience social difficulties affecting their personal and academic functioning. Aim. To review the research addressing the influence of cognitive/affective abilities involved in their social adaptation, from the perspective of an integrative model that includes executive functioning, theory of mind and pragmatic language. Development. Research shows an association between executive functioning (working memory, inhibition, planning), pragmatic abilities, performance in theory of mind tasks, and the social problems experienced by individuals with ADHD. Conclusions. Although literature supports a relationship between these constructs, deficits observed in theory of mind tasks or language use, seem rather to reflect a procedural deficit than a conceptual impairment (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Adolescente , Transtorno do Deficit de Atenção com Hiperatividade/diagnóstico , Transtorno do Deficit de Atenção com Hiperatividade/epidemiologia , Transtorno do Deficit de Atenção com Hiperatividade/terapia , Função Executiva/fisiologia , Memória de Curto Prazo/classificação , Memória de Curto Prazo/fisiologia , Teoria da Mente/classificação , Teoria da Mente/fisiologia , Ajustamento Social , Ensaio Clínico Pragmático , Transtornos Mentais/diagnóstico , Transtornos Mentais/terapia
8.
Rev Neurol ; 60 Suppl 1: S37-43, 2015 Feb 25.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25726822

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: The high presence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has been acknowledged in the Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, fifth edition, thus allowing the diagnosis of both disorders. AIMS: The purpose of this study is to review the research published between 2010 and 2014 on the cognitive and social characteristics of the concurrence of ASD and ADHD. DEVELOPMENT: A review of the 33 studies that were identified showed evidence that the prevalence of symptoms of ADHD in children with ASD was 33-37%. The comorbid condition presents a greater deficit in inhibitory control, attention and working memory. Likewise, in social cognition, the clinical features of ADHD increase the difficulties in cases of ASD. Moreover, the clinical profile of ASD + ADHD is seen to be more severe than that of pure ADHD or ASD, and delayed language development and the intensity/frequency of tantrums are symptoms that are a valuable aid in identification at early ages. CONCLUSIONS: Findings suggest an 'additive' overlapping and ASD + ADHD shares some of the deficits from both disorders, which has implications for the evaluation and design of effective treatments.


TITLE: Comorbilidad del trastorno del espectro autista y el deficit de atencion con hiperactividad. Estudio de revision.Introduccion. La elevada presencia de trastorno por deficit de atencion/hiperactividad (TDAH) en el trastorno del espectro autista (TEA) ha sido reconocida en el Manual diagnostico y estadistico de los trastornos mentales, quinta edicion, permitiendo el diagnostico de ambos trastornos. Objetivo. Revisar las investigaciones publicadas entre 2010 y 2014 sobre las caracteristicas cognitivas y sociales de la coocurrencia del TEA y el TDAH. Desarrollo. La revision de los 33 estudios identificados evidencia una prevalencia de sintomas de TDAH en niños con TEA del 33-37%. La condicion comorbida presenta mas deficit en el control inhibitorio, la atencion y la memoria de trabajo. Asimismo, en cognicion social, la sintomatologia del TDAH incrementa las dificultades en los casos de TEA. Ademas, el perfil clinico de TEA + TDAH muestra mayor gravedad que el de TDAH o TEA puros, y el retraso en el lenguaje y la intensidad/frecuencia de rabietas son sintomas que ayudan a la identificacion en edades tempranas. Conclusiones. Los hallazgos sugieren una superposicion 'aditiva', y el TEA + TDAH comparte algunos deficits de ambos trastornos, lo cual tiene implicaciones para la evaluacion y el diseño de tratamientos efectivos.


Assuntos
Transtorno do Deficit de Atenção com Hiperatividade/epidemiologia , Transtorno do Espectro Autista/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Criança , Comorbidade , Humanos
9.
Rev. neurol. (Ed. impr.) ; 60(supl.1): s37-s43, mar. 2015. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-134370

RESUMO

Introducción. La elevada presencia de trastorno por déficit de atención/hiperactividad (TDAH) en el trastorno del espectro autista (TEA) ha sido reconocida en el Manual diagnóstico y estadístico de los trastornos mentales, quinta edición, permitiendo el diagnóstico de ambos trastornos. Objetivo. Revisar las investigaciones publicadas entre 2010 y 2014 sobre las características cognitivas y sociales de la coocurrencia del TEA y el TDAH. Desarrollo. La revisión de los 33 estudios identificados evidencia una prevalencia de síntomas de TDAH en niños con TEA del 33-37%. La condición comórbida presenta más déficit en el control inhibitorio, la atención y la memoria de trabajo. Asimismo, en cognición social, la sintomatología del TDAH incrementa las dificultades en los casos de TEA. Además, el perfil clínico de TEA + TDAH muestra mayor gravedad que el de TDAH o TEA puros, y el retraso en el lenguaje y la intensidad/ frecuencia de rabietas son síntomas que ayudan a la identificación en edades tempranas. Conclusiones. Los hallazgos sugieren una superposición ‘aditiva’, y el TEA + TDAH comparte algunos déficits de ambos trastornos, lo cual tiene implicaciones para la evaluación y el diseño de tratamientos efectivos (AU)


Introduction. The high presence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has been acknowledged in the Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, fifth edition, thus allowing the diagnosis of both disorders. Aims. The purpose of this study is to review the research published between 2010 and 2014 on the cognitive and social characteristics of the concurrence of ASD and ADHD. Development. A review of the 33 studies that were identified showed evidence that the prevalence of symptoms of ADHD in children with ASD was 33-37%. The comorbid condition presents a greater deficit in inhibitory control, attention and working memory. Likewise, in social cognition, the clinical features of ADHD increase the difficulties in cases of ASD. Moreover, the clinical profile of ASD + ADHD is seen to be more severe than that of pure ADHD or ASD, and delayed language development and the intensity/frequency of tantrums are symptoms that are a valuable aid in identification at early ages. Conclusions. Findings suggest an ‘additive’ overlapping and ASD + ADHD shares some of the deficits from both disorders, which has implications for the evaluation and design of effective treatments (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Transtorno Autístico/diagnóstico , Transtorno Autístico/patologia , Transtorno do Deficit de Atenção com Hiperatividade/complicações , Transtorno do Deficit de Atenção com Hiperatividade/diagnóstico , Esquizofrenia Infantil/diagnóstico , Neuropsicologia/educação , Neuropsicologia/métodos , Transtorno Autístico/psicologia , Transtorno Autístico/terapia , Transtorno do Deficit de Atenção com Hiperatividade/psicologia , Transtorno do Deficit de Atenção com Hiperatividade/terapia , Esquizofrenia Infantil/complicações , Neuropsicologia/organização & administração
10.
Rev Neurol ; 58 Suppl 1: S31-6, 2014 Feb 24.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25252665

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Problems in cognitive functioning, social and educational development of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) continue to be present in adolescence and adulthood. Although the literature shows a significant relationship between the use of dysfunctional discipline methods and severity in the course of ADHD, follow-up studies have been rare. AIMS: To analyze parenting style and ADHD symptomatology assessed in childhood (time 1) to predict the oppositional behavior and cognitive problems in early adolescence (time 2), and to study, depending on the use of dysfunctional parenting style, the course of oppositional behavior and cognitive problems. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Forty-five children with ADHD-combined presentation were assessed in two different moments: time 1 (ages: 6-13) and time 2 (ages: 8-16). RESULTS: Oppositionism and cognitive problems in the follow-up were predicted by dysfunctional discipline styles and ADHD severity (assessed in time 1). Oppositional behavior increased between time 1 and time 2 in children with a dysfunctional parenting, whereas a decrease on oppositional symptoms was observed in the functional parenting group (time x discipline interaction effect). CONCLUSIONS: Dysfunctional parenting practices in childhood predicted cognitive and behavioral problems associated in adolescence. The findings have implications for the planning of interventions.


TITLE: Estilos de disciplina y trastornos comorbidos de adolescentes con trastorno por deficit de atencion/hiperactividad. Un estudio longitudinal.Introduccion. Los problemas en el funcionamiento cognitivo, social y educativo de los niños con trastorno por deficit de atencion/hiperactividad (TDAH) continuan estando presentes en la adolescencia y edad adulta. A pesar de que la bibliografia evidencia una relacion significativa entre la utilizacion de metodos de disciplina disfuncional y la gravedad en la evolucion del TDAH, las investigaciones de seguimiento han sido escasas. Objetivos. Analizar el poder del estilo de disciplina y de la sintomatologia de TDAH evaluados en la niñez (tiempo 1) para predecir el oposicionismo y los problemas cognitivos en la temprana adolescencia (tiempo 2), y estudiar, en funcion del uso de un estilo de disciplina disfuncional, la evolucion del oposicionismo y de los problemas cognitivos. Pacientes y metodos. Se evaluo a 45 niños con TDAH subtipo combinado en dos momentos temporales: tiempo 1 (6-13 años) y tiempo 2 (8-16 años). Resultados. La gravedad del TDAH y el estilo de crianza disfuncional predijeron tanto el oposicionismo como los problemas cognitivos estimados en el tiempo 2. Se encontro un aumento del oposicionismo entre el tiempo 1 y el tiempo 2 en el grupo de disciplina disfuncional, mientras que el efecto contrario se observo en el grupo de disciplina funcional (efecto de interaccion tiempo x estilo de disciplina). Conclusiones. El empleo de un estilo de disciplina disfuncional por parte de los padres en la niñez predice problemas cognitivos y de conducta en la adolescencia. Los hallazgos tienen implicaciones en la planificacion de las intervenciones.


Assuntos
Transtorno do Deficit de Atenção com Hiperatividade/epidemiologia , Transtornos de Deficit da Atenção e do Comportamento Disruptivo/epidemiologia , Educação Infantil , Transtornos Cognitivos/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Transtorno do Deficit de Atenção com Hiperatividade/psicologia , Transtornos de Deficit da Atenção e do Comportamento Disruptivo/etiologia , Transtornos de Deficit da Atenção e do Comportamento Disruptivo/psicologia , Autoritarismo , Criança , Transtornos Cognitivos/etiologia , Transtornos Cognitivos/psicologia , Comorbidade , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Masculino , Relações Pais-Filho , Pais/psicologia , Permissividade , Punição , Estresse Psicológico , Inquéritos e Questionários , Comportamento Verbal
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