Efficacy of two kinds of posterior chamber intraocular lens fixation in the treatment of lens dislocation / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM: To compare the efficacy of 25-gauge(25G)vitrectomy combined with intraocular lens transciliary sulcus scleral suture fixation and sutureless scleral tunnel interlamellar fixation in the treatment of complete lens dislocation.METHODS: Retrospective case-control study. A total of 40 patients(40 eyes)diagnosed with complete lens luxation in the vitreous cavity in our hospital from May 2015 to September 2021 were selected, among which 21 eyes(suture group)underwent 25G vitrectomy combined with intraocular lens fixation via ciliary sulci scleral suture, and 19 eyes(sutureless group)underwent 25G vitrectomy combined with interlamellar scleral tunnel fixation of intraocular lens. The patients in both groups were followed up until 3mo after surgery to observe the operative time, best corrected visual acuity(BCVA), corneal endothelial cell count(CECC), central corneal thickness(CCT)and postoperative complications.RESULTS: The operation time was significantly shorter in the sutureless group than in the suture group(31.79±6.01min vs. 45.38±8.04min, P<0.001). BCVA in both groups was significantly improved after surgery(all P<0.05), and the BCVA(LogMAR)at 1wk after operation in the sutureless group was significantly better than that in the suture group(0.32±0.14 vs. 0.57±0.25, P<0.001). At 3mo after surgery, CECC in both groups was lower than that before surgery(all P<0.01). The CCT at 1wk after operation in the suture group was greater than that before operation and at 3mo after operation(all P<0.01), and there was no significant change in CCT before and after surgery in the sutureless group. During follow-up period, the total complication rate in the sutureless group was lower than that in the suture group(26% vs. 38%, P>0.05).CONCLUSION: 25G vitrectomy combined with intraocular lens sutureless scleral tunnel interlamellar fixation in the treatment of complete lens luxation has shorter operation time, faster postoperative visual acuity improvement and fewer postoperative complications.

Effect of air pollution on mortality among residents in Hangzhou City / 预防医学

Objective@#To examine the effects of air pollution on overall mortality, mortality of respiratory diseases, and mortality of circulatory diseases among residents in Hangzhou City.@*Methods@#Residents' mortality data in Hangzhou City from 2014 to 2016 were captured from Zhejiang Provincial Chronic Disease Surveillance Information Management System, and the ambient air quality in Hangzhou City from 2014 to 2016 were collected from Hangzhou Environmental Monitoring Center, while the meteorological monitoring data during the study period were collected from Hangzhou Meteorological Bureau. The effects of PM2.5, PM10, NO2 and SO2 on overall mortality, morality of respiratory diseases and mortality of circulatory diseases were evaluated a generalized additive model (GAM) based on Poisson distribution, and the risk of mortality was described with excess risk (ER) and its 95%CI.@*Results@#The daily M (QR) overall deaths, deaths from respiratory diseases and deaths from circulatory diseases were 111 (30), 16 (9) and 37 (14) persons in Hangzhou City from 2014 to 2016, respectively. A 10 μg/m3 increase in PM2.5, PM10, NO2 and SO2 resulted in 0.47% (95%CI: 0.23%-0.70%), 0.37% (95%CI: 0.21%-0.53%), 1.06% (95%CI: 0.50%-1.61%) and 3.08% (95%CI: 2.18%-3.99%) rises in the risk of overall mortality, 0.60% (95%CI: 0.04%-1.16%), 0.45% (95%CI: 0.06%-0.83%), 2.01% (95%CI: 0.84%-3.20%) and 6.06% (95%CI: 3.80%-8.37%) rises in the risk of mortality of respiratory diseases, and 0.45% (95%CI: 0.08%-0.83%), 0.44% (95%CI: 0.17%-0.71%), 1.43% (95%CI: 0.49%-2.37%) and 3.66% (95%CI: 2.13%-5.22%) rises in the risk of mortality of circulatory diseases, and the greatest effect was observed at a 2-day lag. Multi-pollutant model analysis showed that, after adjustment for PM2.5, NO2 and PM2.5+NO2+SO2, a 10 μg/m3 increase in SO2 resulted in an elevated risk of mortality of respiratory diseases than a single-pollutant model.@*Conclusions@#The air pollutants PM10, PM2.5, NO2, and SO2 correlated positively with the risk of overall mortality, mortality of respiratory diseases and mortality of circulatory diseases in Hangzhou City from 2014 to 2016, and the co-existence of multiple pollutants enhanced the effect of SO2 on mortality of respiratory diseases.

Effects of moxibustion at bilateral Feishu (BL13) and Xinshu (BL15) combined with benazepril on myocardial cells apoptosis index and apoptosis-related proteins cytochrome c and apoptosis-inducing factor in rats with chronic heart failure.

OBJECTIVE: To observe the effects of moxibustion at bilateral Feishu (BL13) and Xinshu (BL15) combined with benazepril on myocardial cells apoptosis index, the expression levels of apoptosis-related proteins cytochrome c (Cyt-C) and apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) in chronic heart failure (CHF) rats. METHODS: Sixty-five rats were randomly divided into normal group () and model-I group (). After modeling, CHF rats in model-I group were divided into model group, moxibustion group, benazepril group, moxibustion plus benazepril group (abbreviated as aibei group, the same below), 10 rats in each group. Echocardiogram index was examined by echocardiography. Hemodynamic indices were measured by rat cardiac function meter. Serum B-type brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Myocardial cells apoptosis index was detected by terminal-deoxynucleoitidyl transferase mediated nick end labeling staining. Pathological changes of myocardial tissues were observed by hematoxylin and eosin staining. The expression levels of Cyt-C and AIF in myocardial tissues were detected by Western blot. RESULTS: Compared with normal group, ejection fraction and left ventricular diameter shortening rate in model-Ⅰ group were significantly reduced, myocardial cells of rats in model group exhibited unclear transverse striations, cells swellings and vacuoles, cardiac functions were deteriorated, serum BNP level, myocardial cells apoptosis index, and the expression levels of Cyt-C and AIF were significantly increased. Compared with model group, myocardial cells of rats in moxibustion group, benazepril group, and aibei group were dyed more evenly, muscle fibers were arranged relatively neatly, cardiac functions were improved, serum BNP level, myocardial cells apoptosis index, and the expression levels of Cyt-C and AIF were significantly decreased. Compared with aibei group, cardiac functions were worsened, myocardial cells apoptosis index, and the expression levels of Cyt-C and AIF were increased. CONCLUSION: Moxibustion at bilateral Feishu (BL13) and Xinshu (BL15) combined with benazepril could improve CHF better than moxibustion at bilateral Feishu (BL13) and Xinshu (BL15) or benazepril alone. The mechanisms might be that they can inhibit the expressions of Cyt-C and AIF, and inhibit the apoptosis of cardiomyocytes.

doxorubicin induces chronic heart failure in rats by regulating mitochondrial dynamics via drp1/fundc1 pathway / 中国药理学通报

Aim To investigate the damage degree of doxorubicin hydrochloride( DOX )on cardiac function in rats, and to explore its possible mechanism. Methods Experiment 1: SD rats( n=48 )were randomly divided into control group( normal saline ), DOX 1 group( DOX cumulative dose 12 mg·kg-1 ;intraperitoneal injection ), DOX 2 group( 15 mg·kg-1 ;)and DOX 3 group( 18 mg·kg-1 ;). Cardiac structure and cardiac function were detected by echocardiography. B-type natriuretic peptide( BNP )was detected by ELISA. The morphological changes of myocardium were observed by Hematoxylin-eosin( HE )staining. The optimal dose group( DOX 2 group )was selected comprehensively. Experiment 2: SD rats( n=36 )were randomly divided into control group( normal saline ), DOX 2 group(15 mg·kg-1)and DOX 2+Mdivi-1 group( 15 mg·kg-1+daily abdominal injection of Mdivi-1(1 mg ·kg-1 ;)). Western blot was used to detect the protein expression of myocardial mitochondrial dynamics. Results Compared with the control group, hearts in DOX groups were enlarged and the heart function was reduced. Under the microscope, hypertrophy of cardiac cells and loose arrangement of cardiac fibers were observed in DOX group, and the higher the cumulative dose of DOX in rats, the more severe the degree of heart failure and the higher the mortality rate of rats. Compared with control group, the expression of mitochondrial dynamin-related protein 1( DRP1 )and related signaling pathway protein FUN14 domain containing 1( FUNDC1 )in DOX 2 group increased. The expression of optic atrophy 1( OPA1 )decreased, the expression of FUNDC1 and DRP1 protein decreased, and the expression of OPA1 protein was enhanced after the use of mitochondrial dynamics inhibitor(Mdivi-1). Conclusions DOX can cause chronic heart failure, and the mechanism may be related to DRP1/FUNDC1 mediated mitochondrial fission and fusion.

Testosterone levels in patients with varicocele and azoospermia / 北京大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#Androgen deficiency is common in aging males and may have unfavourable health consequences. Large-scale studies suggested low testosterone level might increse mortality and morbidity in ageing males. However, young men with low testosterone level might be neglected. Recent studies reported young men with infertility may have reduced testosterone level. To investigate the incidence of androgen deficiency in males with infertility and possible factors affecting the low testosterone level.@*METHODS@#Between January 2011 and December 2012, 407 men with infertility caused by varicocele (VC), obstructive azoospermia (OA) and nonobstructive azoospermia (NOA) in our center were included. The number of men in each group of OA, NOA and VC was 141, 97 and 169, respectively. All the eligible patients underwent a serum testosterone assessment by a single morning blood draw (between 8:00 to noon) to test for concentration of the total testosterone. All serum samples were determined by radioimmunoassay in our andrology laboratory. Androgen deficiency was defined as having a total testosterone level less than 300 ng/dL.@*RESULTS@#The mean age was (30.4±5.8) years. The mean testosterone level was (4.18±1.64) ng/dL (range 0.30 to 11.32 ng/dL). The overall incidence of androgen deficiency was 26.5% (108/407). The incidences of androgen deficiency in NOA, OA and VC groups were 40.2% (39/97), 19.1% (27/141) and 24.9% (42/169), respectively, which were significantly higher in the NOA than in the VC and OA groups (P < 0.001). The incidences had no difference between the VC and OA groups (P=0.229). Univariate analysis revealed the cause of infertility, FSH and the mean testis volume as possible affecting factors for androgen deficiency. However, on multivariate analysis the only cause of infertility was an independent predictor. The incidence of androgen deficiency was the highest in the NOA group [OR 0.492 (95% confidence interval 0.288-0.840)].@*CONCLUSION@#NOA and varicocele might be risk factors of androgen deficiency. Young men with NOA may have a higher possibility of low testosterone level. Testosterone level should be followed up after NOA and varicocele treatment. Androgen deficiency should be assessed in males with infertility in clinical practice.

Experimental Research Progress of Replenishing Qi and Activating Blood Circulation Traditional Chinese Medicine on Mitochondrial Quality Control in Treatment of Chronic Heart Failure / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Heart failure is a complex clinical syndrome，which is the final result of compensatory failure of heart injury caused by various reasons. Long-term persistent cardiac stress leads to mitochondrial dysfunction，which in turn further damages cardiomyocytes and leads to disease progression. Timely removal of damaged mitochondria in cardiomyocytes and maintaining a good living environment of viable mitochondria is not only an effective means to protect cardiomyocytes，but also a new way to prevent and treat heart failure and ventricular remodeling. Mitochondrial quality control is a series of cellular activities for mitochondria to maintain their structural and functional stability，including oxidative stress response，regulation of mitochondrial dynamics，mitochondrial autophagy，intracellular calcium regulation and so on. Traditional Chinese medicine（TCM） mostly uses drugs of replenishing Qi and activating blood circulation in the treatment of chronic heart failure，and Qi and mitochondria are similar in function. According to TCM，the performance of the body as "static，descending and inhibitory" in the case of Qi deficiency can also be compared with the energy defect of mitochondria. The classical method of tonifying qi and activating blood circulation in TCM can be applied here. In recent years，TCM takes mitochondria as the target and carries out many related experimental studies from the point of view of myocardial energy supply. It is found that Chinese herbs for replenishing Qi and activating blood circulation can participate in regulating the quality control mechanism of intracellular mitochondria with multiple targets and links. It is proved by experiments that Chinese herbs for replenishing Qi and activating blood circulation can exert myocardial protective effect through this mechanism.

Exploration on the diagnosis and treatment of generalized myasthenia gravis with acupuncture and moxibustion based on the study of ancient medical works / 中国针灸

Through collecting the relevant provisions and medical cases of

17β-estradiol inhibits interleukin-1β-induced rat nucleus pulposus cell apoptosis through the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signal pathway / 生理学报

The apoptosis of nucleus pulposus cells (NPCs) is the main cellular process of intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD). Our previous studies showed that 17β-estradiol (E

Analysis of the divergent meridians of twelve meridians / 中国针灸

This paper analyzes the problems existing in the current theory of divergent meridian (""), such as the unclear route of divergent meridian, the controversy in the "---" and the lack of in-depth research on the theory of "", clarifies the source and privides insights. The author analyzed the word "" by means of the four proofreading methods combined with philology method to explore the origin of " ". The divergent meridians is the remnant of the original meridians system in the bamboo and silk documents, which was put into the meridians system after being sorted out by doctors. The twelve meridians are combined in two, forming the "" point, which is located in the neck, and has a great influence on the blood circulation of the head and neck. "" point and theory can guide the differentiation of acupuncture and moxibustion, and has an important guiding significance for the treatment of empirical, emergency and head and face diseases.

Behavioral Abnormality along with NMDAR-related CREB Suppression in Rat Hippocampus after Shortwave Exposure / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

OBJECTIVE@#To estimate the detrimental effects of shortwave exposure on rat hippocampal structure and function and explore the underlying mechanisms.@*METHODS@#One hundred Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups (25 rats per group) and exposed to 27 MHz continuous shortwave at a power density of 5, 10, or 30 mW/cm2 for 6 min once only or underwent sham exposure for the control. The spatial learning and memory, electroencephalogram (EEG), hippocampal structure and Nissl bodies were analysed. Furthermore, the expressions of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) subunits (NR1, NR2A, and NR2B), cAMP responsive element-binding protein (CREB) and phosphorylated CREB (p-CREB) in hippocampal tissue were analysed on 1, 7, and 14 days after exposure.@*RESULTS@#The rats in the 10 and 30 mW/cm2 groups had poor learning and memory, disrupted EEG oscillations, and injured hippocampal structures, including hippocampal neurons degeneration, mitochondria cavitation and blood capillaries swelling. The Nissl body content was also reduced in the exposure groups. Moreover, the hippocampal tissue in the 30 mW/cm2 group had increased expressions of NR2A and NR2B and decreased levels of CREB and p-CREB.@*CONCLUSION@#Shortwave exposure (27 MHz, with an average power density of 10 and 30 mW/cm2) impaired rats' spatial learning and memory and caused a series of dose-dependent pathophysiological changes. Moreover, NMDAR-related CREB pathway suppression might be involved in shortwave-induced structural and functional impairments in the rat hippocampus.

Study on characteristics and data mining of 464 cases of lung diseases in Xin'an Wang's medicine / 中国中药杂志

The purpose of this paper is to study the use rules of drugs for lung diseases in internal medicine department of Xin'an Wang's family, discuss the compatibility of common drugs for lung diseases, guide clinical application, and inherit Xin'an medicine. By retrospective study on lung diseases cases in Wang's internal medicine works, the lung diseases and use frequency of common drugs treated by Wang's medicine were counted, and the systematic clustering and association rule analysis of common drugs were conducted by using SPSS Statistic 20 and SPSS Modeler 18.0, respectively. The results showed that asthma, cold and cough were the main lung diseases treated by Wang's medicine, and the commonly used medicines included antitussive and antiasthmatic drugs, spleen-invigorating and dampness-removing drugs, and expectorants. The medicine taste was mainly bitter, pungent and sweet, with cold and warm properties in a balanced way, without severely cold or hot herbs, mainly attributing to the lung and stomach meridians. In clustering analysis, 10 drug combinations were obtained; association analysis showed that two, three, four association rules respectively had 11, 21, and 10 groups, and each drug group had 11, 16, and 5 items. Core combinations: Poria, Armeniacae Semen Amarum, Asteris Radix et Rhizome, Coicis Semen, Farfarae Flos, Dendrobii Caulis, Perilla Frutescens, Stemonae Radix, Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium, Cynanchi Stauntonii Rhizome et Radix, Meretricis Concha Cyclinae Concha, Belamcandae Rhizoma, and Pinelliae Rhizome. Xin'an Wang's medicine paid attention to the lung nature when treating lung diseases. Lung is a delicate organ, not resistant to coldness or heat, so severely cold or hot herbs shall not be used, and the clear and light drugs with functions of dispersing lung Qi, clearing phlegm evil, strengthening spleen, eliminating phlegm, and relieving cough and asthma are often used. Lung deficiency is a kind of deficiency of Qi and Yin, so both Qi and Yin shall be regulated. Deficiency of Yin would burn the lung and make the lung collaterals blocked. In this case, the lung collaterals shall be dredged for hemostasis. Long time of lung deficiency would hinder the distribution of body fluid, and lung shall be regulated to dissipate phlegm.

Regularity of prescription medication of Xin'an Wang's internal medicine in treating stomach cramps based on data mining / 中国中药杂志

The study analyzes the medication rules of Xin'an Wang's internal medicine for treating stomach cramps by data mining technology,in order to provide reference for clinical medication. Through the summarization of the medical cases of stomach cramps treated by Xin'an Wang's doctors( Wang Ren-zhi,Wang Zhong-qi,Wang Le-tao),statistics was made for the frequency of symptoms,signs,syndromes and drugs in Office 2010. Apriori algorithm in IBM SPSS Modeler 14. 1,and SPSS Statistics 22. 0 were used for association rule analysis and cluster analysis. The results showed that the 310 prescriptions collected involved totally 322 syndromes( including symptoms and signs) and 336 drugs,with the cumulative dose of 4 072 times; the symptoms were correlated to the spleen and stomach,liver and gallbladder,and the heart system; syndrome differentiation was mainly based on liver-Qi invasion of the stomach,diet impairment to the stomach,deficiency of spleen and stomach and cold syndrome; commonly used drugs were Qi regulating drugs,phlegm eliminating drugs and blood circulation promoting and stasis removing drugs; high-frequency drug complex network diagram showed that Pinelliae Rhizoma,Aurantii Fructus,Trichosanthis Fructus,Allii Macrostemonis Bulbus were closely related; the analysis showed 12,20,and 17 two,three,and four association rules; cluster analysis showed 10 pairs of Trichosanthis Fructus-Allii Macrostemonis Bulbus,Pinelliae Rhizoma-Aurantii Fructus,and Aspongopus-Toosendan Fructus drug combinations. According to Xin' an Wang's doctors,stomach cramps are closely related to liver and spleen,Qi stagnation,phlegm and blood stasis are the standard.Xin'an Wang's doctors give the first priority on " deoppilation",focus on soothing the liver and spleen,activating Qi and eliminating phlegm,and promoting blood circulation,and refer to use modified Xiaoxianxiong Decoction and modified Gualou Xiebai Banxia Decoction based on symptoms.

Preparation of Rotundic Acid Monomer and Content Determination of 3 Components in Ilicis rotundae and Its Refined Products by RP-HPLC / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE: To prepare high-purity rotundic acid, and to determine the contents of syringoside, peduncloside and rotundic acid in Ilicis rotundae and its refined products. METHODS: I. rotundae saponins was prepared by ethanol extraction method and hydrolyzed with methanol and sodium hydroxide; rotundic acid monomer was obtained after recrystallization. The contents of syringoside, peduncloside and rotundic acid in I. rotundae, its refined product 1 and its refined product 2 were determined by RP-HPLC. The determination was performed on an Agilent XDB C18 column with mobile phase consisted of water-acetonitrile (gradient elution) at the flow rate of 1. 2 mL/min. The column temperature was 30 ℃, and the detection wavelength was set at 210 nm. The sample size was 10 μL. RESULTS: The purity of rotundic acid exceeded 99％. The linear ranges of syringing, peduncloside and rotundic acid were 0. 18-3. 22, 0. 59-10. 36 and 0. 20-3. 53 μg, respectively (r=0. 999 9). RSDs of precision, stability (24 h) and reproducibility tests were all lower than 2. 0％ (n=6-7). The average recoveries were 96. 08％-100. 81 ％ (RSD≤1. 98％, n=6). The contents of syringoside,peduncloside and rotundic acid in I. rotundae were 1. 61％,7. 26％, 1. 29％ (RSD≤1. 08％,n=3); those of refined product 1 were 0,82. 59％,4. 18％ (RSD≤1. 67％,n=3); those of refined product 2 were 0, 73. 29％, 7. 41％ (RSD≤1. 15％,n=3),respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Prepared rotundic acid has high purity and is simple in preparation, safe and environmentally-friendly. RP-HPLC method that established is simple and reliable, and can meet the requirements for rapid analysis of I. rotundae and its refined products.

Construction of mathematical model of Xin’an Wang’s internal medicine in treatment of epigastric pain based on data mining technology / 中草药

To establish mathematical model of Xin’an Wang’s internal medicine for treating epigastric pain through the data mining technique, and provide a more sufficient scientific basis for systematically discussing the rule of traditional Chinese medicines in treating epigastric pain. From the “Wang Zhongqi case” and “Wang Renzhi case”, outpatient medical records of Professor Letao Wang and Professor Jian Wang were used to select 310 cases of medical records in the diagnosis and treatment of epigastric pain according to inclusion criteria. Then we extracted the information of prescription, symptoms and signs, and established “information database of Xin’an Wang’s medical cases of internal medicine for treating epigastric pain”. Using frequency analysis, calculation of high-frequency drugs, and application of IBM Modeler 14.1 by SPSS Apriori algorithm for correlation analysis to extract the core prescription and then establish the mathematical model of Wang’s doctors treating epigastric pain. Wang’s doctors in Xin’an often treat the stomach and spleen with the same treatment of liver and spleen. Wang’s physician treated epigastric pain with both liver and spleen. Wang’s physician assisted the spleen with Tongyang method, or relieved phlegm, dredged liver and Qi to Tongyang, or Xinwen Sanhan to Tongyang, or Jianpi Huashi to Tongyang, or Huoxue Xingqi to Tongyang and Huoxue Sanjie method and Huoxue Huayu method.

Madecassoside impedes invasion of rheumatoid fibroblast-like synoviocyte from adjuvant arthritis rats via inhibition of NF-κB-mediated matrix metalloproteinase-13 expression / 中国天然药物

Fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) play a pivotal role in Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) pathogenesis through aggressive migration and invasion. Madecassoside (Madec), a triterpenoid saponin present in Centella asiatica herbs, has a potent anti-inflammatory effect. In the present study, Madec exerted an obvious therapeutic effect in reversing the histological lesions in adjuvant-induced arthritis (AIA) rats. To recognize the anti-rheumatoid potentials of Madec, we further investigated whether Madec interfered with FLS invasion and metalloproteinase (MMP) expression. In cultures of primary FLS isolated from the AIA rats, Madec (10 and 30 μmol·L) was proven to considerably inhibit migration and invasion of FLS induced by interleukin 1β (IL-1β), but exhibiting no obvious effect on cell proliferation. Madec repressed IL-1β-triggered FLS invasion by prohibiting the expression of MMP-13. Additionally, Madec suppressed MMP-13 transcription via inhibiting the MMP-13 promoter-binding activity of NF-κB. Our results further showed that Madec down-regulated the translocation and phosphorylation of NF-κB as demonstrated by Western blotting and immunofluorescence assays. In conclusion, our results suggest that Madec exerts anti-RA activity via inhibiting the NF-κB/MMP-13 pathway.

Madecassoside impedes invasion of rheumatoid fibroblast-like synoviocyte from adjuvant arthritis rats via inhibition of NF-κB-mediated matrix metalloproteinase-13 expression / 中国天然药物

Fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) play a pivotal role in Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) pathogenesis through aggressive migration and invasion. Madecassoside (Madec), a triterpenoid saponin present in Centella asiatica herbs, has a potent anti-inflammatory effect. In the present study, Madec exerted an obvious therapeutic effect in reversing the histological lesions in adjuvant-induced arthritis (AIA) rats. To recognize the anti-rheumatoid potentials of Madec, we further investigated whether Madec interfered with FLS invasion and metalloproteinase (MMP) expression. In cultures of primary FLS isolated from the AIA rats, Madec (10 and 30 μmol·L) was proven to considerably inhibit migration and invasion of FLS induced by interleukin 1β (IL-1β), but exhibiting no obvious effect on cell proliferation. Madec repressed IL-1β-triggered FLS invasion by prohibiting the expression of MMP-13. Additionally, Madec suppressed MMP-13 transcription via inhibiting the MMP-13 promoter-binding activity of NF-κB. Our results further showed that Madec down-regulated the translocation and phosphorylation of NF-κB as demonstrated by Western blotting and immunofluorescence assays. In conclusion, our results suggest that Madec exerts anti-RA activity via inhibiting the NF-κB/MMP-13 pathway.

Risk Factor Analysis of Vascular Cognitive Impairment for In-hospital Atrial Fibrillation Patients / 中国循环杂志

Objective: To explore the incidence and risk factors of vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) for in-hospital atrial fibrillation (AF) patients. Methods: A total of 303 in-hospital AF patients were studied. Based on MMSE score evaluation, the patients were divided into 2 groups: Non-VCI group, n=216 and VCI group, n=87. The incidence of VCI was assessed and different cognitive functions were studied by uni- and multivariate regression analysis. Results: Compared with Non-VCI group, the patients in VCI group had the elder age, higher proportion of CHA2DS2-VASC score ≥ 2, more with persistent/permanent AF, more combining diabetes and heart failure (HF), more had increased systolic blood pressure, mean arterial pressure, pulse pressure, left atrial (LA) diameter and serum creatinine; less male and decreased left ventricular end-diastolic diameter, P<0.05 and P<0.001. The occurrence rate of VCI for in-hospital patients was 40.3％, with age and CHA2DS2-VASC score increasing, the incidence of VCI was elevating and the occurrence rates in female was higher than male, the patients with persistent/permanent AF was higher than paroxysmal AF, P<0.05 and P<0.001. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that age (OR=-0.1135, 95％ CI -0.1708 to -0.0562, P=0.0001), female (OR=-1.2528, 95％ CI -2.2056 to -0.3000, P=0.0105), education [primary school level (OR=3.2193, 95％ CI 1.844-4.5940, P<0.0001),middle school and above level (OR=5.9104, 95％ CI 4.6055-7.2154, P<0.0001)], HF (OR=-1.9357, 95％ CI -3.5522 to-0.3192, P=0.0196), stroke (OR=-1.6349, 95％ CI -2.7517 to -0.5181, P=0.0044) and LA diameter (OR=-0.1252, 95％ CI-0.1962 to -0.0541, P=0.0006) were related to VCI occurrence in hospitalized AF patients. Conclusion: The incidence of VCI was high in hospitalized AF patients; elder age, female, lower education, HF, stroke and enlarged LA diameter were the risk factors for VCI occurrence in AF patients.

Risk Factor Analysis of Vascular Cognitive Impairment for In-hospital Atrial Fibrillation Patients / 中国循环杂志

Objective: To explore the incidence and risk factors of vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) for in-hospital atrial fibrillation (AF) patients. Methods: A total of 303 in-hospital AF patients were studied. Based on MMSE score evaluation, the patients were divided into 2 groups: Non-VCI group, n=216 and VCI group, n=87. The incidence of VCI was assessed and different cognitive functions were studied by uni- and multivariate regression analysis. Results: Compared with Non-VCI group, the patients in VCI group had the elder age, higher proportion of CHA2DS2-VASC score ≥ 2, more with persistent/permanent AF, more combining diabetes and heart failure (HF), more had increased systolic blood pressure, mean arterial pressure, pulse pressure, left atrial (LA) diameter and serum creatinine; less male and decreased left ventricular end-diastolic diameter, P<0.05 and P<0.001. The occurrence rate of VCI for in-hospital patients was 40.3％, with age and CHA2DS2-VASC score increasing, the incidence of VCI was elevating and the occurrence rates in female was higher than male, the patients with persistent/permanent AF was higher than paroxysmal AF, P<0.05 and P<0.001. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that age (OR=-0.1135, 95％ CI -0.1708 to -0.0562, P=0.0001), female (OR=-1.2528, 95％ CI -2.2056 to -0.3000, P=0.0105), education [primary school level (OR=3.2193, 95％ CI 1.844-4.5940, P<0.0001),middle school and above level (OR=5.9104, 95％ CI 4.6055-7.2154, P<0.0001)], HF (OR=-1.9357, 95％ CI -3.5522 to-0.3192, P=0.0196), stroke (OR=-1.6349, 95％ CI -2.7517 to -0.5181, P=0.0044) and LA diameter (OR=-0.1252, 95％ CI-0.1962 to -0.0541, P=0.0006) were related to VCI occurrence in hospitalized AF patients. Conclusion: The incidence of VCI was high in hospitalized AF patients; elder age, female, lower education, HF, stroke and enlarged LA diameter were the risk factors for VCI occurrence in AF patients.

Microwave-induced Apoptosis and Cytotoxicity of NK Cells through ERK1/2 Signaling / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate microwave-induced morphological and functional injury of natural killer (NK) cells and uncover their mechanisms.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>NK-92 cells were exposed to 10, 30, and 50 mW/cm2 microwaves for 5 min. Ultrastructural changes, cellular apoptosis and cell cycle regulation were detected at 1 h and 24 h after exposure. Cytotoxic activity was assayed at 1 h after exposure, while perforin and NKG2D expression were detected at 1 h, 6 h, and 12 h after exposure. To clarify the mechanisms, phosphorylated ERK (p-ERK) was detected at 1 h after exposure. Moreover, microwave-induced cellular apoptosis and cell cycle regulation were analyzed after blockade of ERK signaling by using U0126.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Microwave-induced morphological and ultrastructural injury, dose-dependent apoptosis (P < 0.001) and cell cycle arrest (P < 0.001) were detected at 1 h after microwave exposure. Moreover, significant apoptosis was still detected at 24 h after 50 mW/cm2 microwave exposure (P < 0.01). In the 30 mW/cm2 microwave exposure model, microwaves impaired the cytotoxic activity of NK-92 cells at 1 h and down regulated perforin protein both at 1 h and 6 h after exposure (P < 0.05). Furthermore, p-ERK was down regulated at 1 h after exposure (P < 0.05), while ERK blockade significantly promoted microwave-induced apoptosis (P < 0.05) and downregulation of perforin (P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Microwave dose-dependently induced morphological and functional injury in NK-92 cells, possibly through ERK-mediated regulation of apoptosis and perforin expression.</p>

Real-time Assessment of Cytosolic, Mitochondrial, and Nuclear Calcium Levels Change in Rat Pheochromocytoma Cells during Pulsed Microwave Exposure Using a Genetically Encoded Calcium Indicator / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

Little information is available about the effects of exposure to pulsed microwaves on neuronal Ca2+ signaling under non-thermal conditions. In this study, rat pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells were exposed to pulsed microwaves for 6 min at a specific absorption rate (SAR) of 4 W/kg to assess possible real-time effects. During microwave exposure, free calcium dynamics in the cytosol, mitochondria, and nucleus of cells were monitored by time-lapse microfluorimetry using a genetically encoded calcium indicator (ratiometric-pericam, ratiometric-pericam-mt, and ratiometric-pericam-nu). We established a waveguide-based real-time microwave exposure system under accurately controlled environmental and dosimetric conditions and found no significant changes in the cytosolic, mitochondrial, or nuclear calcium levels in PC12 cells. These findings suggest that no dynamic changes occurred in [Ca2+]c, [Ca2+]m, or [Ca2+]n of PC12 cells at the non-thermal level.