Consideraciones acerca de la violencia ejercida sobre el profesional sanitario en el ámbito asistencial y las correspondientes medidas de tutela y seguridad / Considerations about violence against healthcare profesionals in care settings and corresponding protection and security measures

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[Comorbidity and cardiovascular risk in subjects with initial diagnosis of hypercholesterolemia]. / Comorbilidad y riesgo cardiovascular en sujetos con primer diagnóstico de hipercolesterolemia.

BACKGROUND: For a proper approach to the subjects, in which the presence of hypercholesterolemia is identified for the first time, is important to consider simultaneously both cardiovascular risk factors and the presence of other diseases. The purpose of our study was to describe the lipid profile of patients in which the presence of hypercholesterolemia is detected for the frist time and to determine their cardiovascular risk and comorbidity. METHODS: Observational cross-sectional study in a Primary Care setting. In 274 subjects with a plasma cholesterol level higher or equal to 200 mg / dL ("limit" hypercholesterolemia), selected by consecutive sampling, we assessed: lipid profile, cardiovascular risk factors and cardiovascular risk (SCORE and Castelli's atherogenic index), comorbidity (Charlson's Index) and sociodemographic characteristics. RESULTS: The mean cholesterol level was 232.9 mg/dl. Hypercholesterolaemia was reported "definite" (>= 250 mg / dl) in 21.1% (95% CI: 16.2 to 26.1). A 9.5% showed a cardiovascular risk >= 5%. Lipoprotein ratio of total cholesterol/HDL cholesterol was higher in men than in women (4.4 vs. 3.8, p <0.001) in subjects with Charlson's Comorbidity Index > = 1 (4.1 vs. 3.9, p = 0.04), in smokers (4.3 vs. 3.9, p = 0.04) and in hypertensive subjects (4.2 vs. 3.9, p = 0.03), obese (4.2 vs 3 , 7, p <0.05) or with the metabolic syndrome (4.4 vs 3.9, p = 0.02). We observed a higher proportion of subjects with moderate cardiovascular risk / high or cardiovascular disease in those with comorbidity (87.3% vs 42.3%, p <0.01). CONCLUSIONS: More than a third of the subjects in which "limit" cholesterol was identifiyed for the first time presents comorbidity, being "defined" hypercholesterolemia in 21.1% of the cases. Takeing in consideration the Score function assessment, one outif 10 subjects presents high cardiovascular mortality risk after 10 years. Both lipoprotein ratio and cardiovascular risk are markedly higher in subjects with comorbidity.

Comorbilidad y riesgo cardiovascular en sujetos con primer diagnóstico de hipercolesterolemia / Comorbidity and cardiovascular risk in subjects with initial diagnosis of hypercholesterolemia

Fundamento: Para un adecuado abordaje de los sujetos en los que se identifica por primera vez la presencia de hipercolesterolemia es importante considerar simultáneamente tanto sus factores de riesgo cardiovascular como la presencia de otras enfermedades. El objetivo de nuestro estudio es describir el perfil lipídico de los sujetos en los que por primera vez se detecta hipercolesterolemia y determinar su riesgo cardiovascular y comorbilidad. Métodos: Estudio observacional transversal realizado en 274 sujetos en los que se identificó un nivel de colesterol plasmático >200 mg/dl (hipercolesterolemia “límite”), seleccionados mediante muestreo consecutivo. Se evaluó perfil lipídico, factores de riesgo cardiovascular y riesgo cardiovascular (SCORE e índice aterógénico de Castelli), comorbilidad(Índice de Charlson) y características sociodemográficas. Resultados: El nivel medio de colesterol fue de 232,9 mg/dl. Se observó hipercolesterolemia “definida” (> 250 mg/dl) en el 21,1% (IC95%: 16,2-26,1). El 9,5% mostró un riesgo cardiovascular > 5%. El cociente lipoprotéico colesterol total/colesterol HDL fue superior en hombres queen mujeres (4,4 vs 3,8 (p<0,001), en sujetos con Índice de Comorbilidad de Charlson > 1 (4,1 vs 3,9 p=0,04), en fumadores (4,3 vs 3,9 (p=0,04) y en sujetos hipertensos (4,2 vs 3,9,(p=0,03), obesos (4,2 vs 3,7 ( p<0,05) o con síndrome metabólico (4,4 vs 3,9 ( p=0,02). Se observó mayor proporción de sujetos con riesgo cardiovascular moderado/alto o enfermedad cardiovascular entre los que presentaban comorbilidad (87,3% vs 42,3% (p<0,01). Conclusiones: Más de la tercera parte de los sujetos en los que se identifica por primera vez hipercolesterolemia “límite” presenta comorbilidad, tratándose de hipercolesterolemia “definida” en el 21,1%. Considerando la función Score, uno de cada 10 pacientes presenta riesgo elevado de mortalidad cardiovascular después de 10 años. Tanto el cociente lipoprotéico como el cardiovascular son claramente superiores en sujetos que presentan comorbilidad(AU)

Background: For a proper approach to the subjects, in which the presence of hypercholesterolemia is identified for the first time, is important to consider simultaneously both cardiovascular risk factors and the presence of other diseases. The purpose of our study was to describe the lipid profile of patients in which the presence of hypercholesterolemia is detected for the frist time and to determine their cardiovascular risk and comorbidity. Methods: Observational cross-sectional study in a Primary Care setting. In 274 subjects with a plasma cholesterol level higher or equal to 200 mg / dL ("limit" hypercholesterolemia), selected by consecutive sampling, we assessed: lipid profile, cardiovascular risk factors and cardiovascular risk (SCORE and Castelli's atherogenic index), comorbidity (Charlson's Index) and sociodemographic characteristics. Results:The mean cholesterol level was 232.9 mg/dl. Hypercholesterolaemia was reported "definite" (> = 250 mg / dl) in 21.1% (95% CI: 16.2 to 26.1). A 9.5% showed a cardiovascular risk > = 5%. Lipoprotein ratio of total cholesterol/HDL cholesterol was higher in men than in women (4.4 vs. 3.8, p <0.001) in subjects with Charlson's Comorbidity Index > = 1 (4.1 vs. 3.9, p = 0.04), in smokers (4.3 vs. 3.9, p = 0.04) and in hypertensive subjects (4.2 vs. 3.9, p = 0.03), obese (4.2 vs 3 , 7, p <0.05) or with the metabolic syndrome (4.4 vs 3.9, p = 0.02). We observed a higher proportion of subjects with moderate cardiovascular risk / high or cardiovascular disease in those with comorbidity (87.3% vs 42.3%, p <0.01). Conclusions: More than a third of the subjects in which "limit" cholesterol was identifiyed for the first time presents comorbidity, being "defined" hypercholesterolemia in 21.1% of the cases. Takeing in consideration the Score function assessment, one outif 10 subjects presents high cardiovascular mortality risk after 10 years. Both lipoprotein ratio and cardiovascular risk are markedly higher in subjects with comorbidity(AU)

Adherencia a las recomendaciones para evitar caídas en personas mayores de 64 años Albacete, 2009 / Adherence to recommendations to prevent falls in the elderly, Albacete, Spain, 2009

Fundamento: Existen recomendaciones para que las personas mayores eviten las caídas. Nuestro objetivo es determinar el grado de conocimiento y adhesión a tales recomendaciones, así como analizar las características sociodemográficas y de morbilidad asociadas. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo observacional. La población diana son las personas mayores que viven en la comunidad. Los sujetos fueron seleccionados mediante muestreo aleatorio (n=919) y entrevistados sobre los conocimientos y el nivel de adherencia a las recomendaciones que existen para prevenir caídas, recabando también información sobre sus problemas de salud y sus características sociodemográficas. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo y se comparó a los sujetos «más cumplidores» con el resto de los participantes. Usando un análisis multivariante se comprobó la asociación de la adherencia con sus posibles factores condicionantes. Resultados: El 50,8% desconocía que existen ejercicios físicos recomendados para prevenir caídas y el 22,0% que cuidar los pies puede contribuir a este fin. Las recomendaciones con mayor adherencia son las referentes al cuarto de baño, donde el 62,2% utiliza la ducha para el aseo personal y el 83,5% utiliza alfombra o suelo antideslizante en la ducha o bañera. Las variables asociadas con un mayor cumplimiento son: presencia de 3 o más problemas de salud (OR: 1,6), edad superior a 80 años (OR: 1,4), mayor nivel de escolarización (OR: 1,5) y sujetos solteros, viudos o divorciados (OR: 1,4). Conclusiones: Aunque, en general, las personas mayores poseen unos conocimientos aceptables sobre las recomendaciones para evitar las caídas, se desconoce de los ejercicios físicos que existen para prevenir caídas. Probablemente las personas más cumplidoras son también las más frágiles y las que tienen más miedo a caerse(AU)

Background: There are recommendations to prevent falls. Our goal is to determine, in older people, the knowledge and adherence to these recommendations, and to analyze the demographic characteristics and associated morbidity. Methods: Observational study of prevalence and crossed association. The target population are older people living in the community. The subjects were randomly selected (n = 919) and interviewed about their knowledge and level of adherence to existing recommendations to prevent falls in older people, we also gathered information about their health problems and their demographic characteristics. A descriptive analysis was performed and compared the «more compliant » subjects with the rest of the participants. Using a multivariate analysis the association of adhesion with possible factors was found. Results: 50.8% were unaware that there are physical exercises recommended to prevent falls and 22.0% that taking care of your feet can contribute to this end. The recommendations with greater adherence are those related to the bathroom, where 62.2% used the shower for personal hygiene and 83.5% use non-slip floor mat in the shower or bathtub. Variables associated with increased compliance are: presence of 3 or more health problems (OR: 1.6), age over 80 years (OR: 1.4), higher level of schooling (OR: 1.5) and unmarried individuals, widowed or divorced (OR: 1.4)(AU)