Gut microbiota transfer evidence from mother to newborn.

Early life microbiota is a risk factor for future diseases. The main purpose of this study was to investigate the transfer of gut microbiota from mother to newborn. A biological sample was collected from the anal mucosa of the pregnant women before delivery and from the newborns between 24 and 48 h after delivery, as it was not possible to collect a meconium sample at that time. The microbiome of the samples was analyzed by sequencing the hypervariable regions V3-V4 of the 16S gene. To determine the likelihood of microbiota transfer from mother to newborn and examine the relationship with the mode of delivery, we utilized Fisher's exact test and odds ratio. A weighted transfer ratio was employed as a comprehensive measure of transfer. A total of 5767 ASVs were identified in newborn samples (n = 30) and 7253 in maternal samples (n = 30). In the analysis of transfer correlated with the mode of delivery, we observed significant ASVs (p < 0.05). Vaginal delivery showed a positive probability of transfer (OR = 2.184 and WTR = 1.852). We found a negative correlation (OR < 1) between the abundance of maternal ASVs and the likelihood of microbiota transfer to the newborn in both delivery modes. The relationship was inversely proportional for both cesarean section (log10 = - 0.2229) and vaginal delivery (log10 = - 0.1083), with statistical significance observed only for cesarean section (p = 0.0083).  Conclusion: In our sample, the maternal gut microbiome was found to be associated with the infant gut microbiome, indicating evidence of ASV-specific transfer from the maternal microbiome to newborns. What is Known: • There is a relationship of early-life microbiota composition with future health outcomes. What is New: • This was the first study to evaluate maternal gut microbiota transfer to newborns in Brazil.

Breastfeeding duration and eating behavior in early childhood: a systematic review / Duração da amamentação e comportamentos alimentares na primeira infância: uma revisão sistemática

Abstract Objectives: to analyze the influence of breastfeeding duration on eating behavior in children aged two to six years. Methods: this review was conducted by PRISMA guidelines. SciELO, Lilacs, Embase, and PubMed databases were researched by using a specific syntax, for studies published from 2000 to 2020. The Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal checklist was used to assess the risk of study bias. Results: a total of 26,211 articles were identified, of which seven were included in the study. The results showed a significant association in four studies. All authors used their own questionnaires to assess breastfeeding exposure; there was no standard classification of exclusive and total breastfeeding duration. The breastfeeding duration was associated with reduced food neophobia, lower scores on the food responsiveness subscale, and lower 'picky eating' behavior. Validated instruments were predominantly used to assess the outcome of eating behavior; however, this assessment was not similar between studies. Conclusion: a significant association was observed between breastfeeding duration and eating behavior in children aged two to six years. Further research should be conducted to describe the mechanisms involved in this association.

Resumo Objetivos: analisar a influência da duração do aleitamento materno no comportamento alimentar em crianças de dois a seis anos. Métodos: esta revisão foi conduzida de acordo com as diretrizes PRISMA. As bases de dados SciELO, Lilacs, Embase e PubMed foram pesquisadas usando uma sintaxe específica, para estudos publicados de 2000 a 2020. O Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal checklist foi utilizado para avaliar o risco de viés do estudo. Resultados: foram identificados 26.211 artigos, dos quais sete foram incluídos no estudo. Os resultados mostraram associação significativa em quatro estudos. Todos os autores usaram seus próprios questionários para avaliar a exposição à amamentação; não havia uma classificação padrão de duração do aleitamento materno exclusivo e total. A duração do aleitamento materno foi associada à redução da neofobia alimentar, menores escores na subescala de responsividade alimentar e menor comportamento alimentar exigente. Instrumentos validados foram usados predominantemente para avaliar o resultado do comportamento alimentar, no entanto, essa avaliação não foi semelhante entre os estudos. Conclusão: observou-se associação significativa entre a duração da amamentação e o comportamento alimentar em crianças de dois a seis anos. Mais pesquisas devem ser realizadas para descrever os mecanismos envolvidos nesta associação.

Does domestic violence during pregnancy influence the beginning of complementary feeding?

BACKGROUND: This study investigate the influence of domestic violence against pregnant women on early complementary feeding and associated factors. METHODS: A longitudinal observational study was conducted with a convenience sample recruited from three public hospitals in Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Data on maternal age, education, marital status, breastfeeding, introduction of complementary feeding and domestic violence during pregnancy were investigated at four follow-ups points. Data on domestic violence was collected through a self-report questionnaire based on the Abuse Assessment Screen. The early introduction of complementary feeding, characterized as occurring before or at 3 months of life, was verified through a questionnaire prepared by the research group. Data analysis involved Student's t-test, the chi-square test and Cox regression and was carried out in Statistical Package for the Social Sciences program. The significance level was set at 5%. RESULTS: A total of 232 mother-infant pairs participated in the analyses, and 15.1% of the mothers reported suffering some form of violence. Domestic violence was directly associated with maternal education, marital status, and health status during pregnancy. Domestic violence was not associated with maternal age or breastfeeding at 3 months after delivery. In the univariate analysis, domestic violence during pregnancy was associated with early complementary feeding (RR = 1.74; CI: 1.01-2.98). This effect disappeared after the model was adjusted in multivariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS: There was no relationship between domestic violence during pregnancy and early complementary feeding.

Características nutricionais dos pacientes oncológicos pediátricos do Hospital Geral de Caxias do Sul / Nutritional characteristics of pediatric oncology patients from Hospital Geral in Caxias do Sul

Caracterizar nutricionalmente os pacientes atendidos no Ambulatório de Oncologia Pediátrica do Hospital Geral de Caxias do Sul. Método: Foram avaliadas 14 crianças, no período de agosto a setembro de 2008. Para determinar o estado nutricional dos pacientes foram utilizadas: a avaliação antropométrica (peso e estatura), a avaliação corporal (circunferênciamuscular do braço e prega cutânea triciptal), a avaliação alimentar por meio do recordatório de 24 horas e a avaliação terapêutica por meio de questões acerca do tratamento. Resultados: Dentre as crianças avaliadas, 42,9% eram do sexo feminino e 57,1% do sexo masculino. Houve predominância de tumores do sistema hematopoiético em 78,57% das crianças. Na avaliação antropométrica, 57,14% das crianças eram eutróficas e 42,85% obesas. Segundo a avaliação corporal, 21,4% e 50% das crianças eram desnutridas de acordo com a prega cutânea triciptal e a circunferência muscular do braço, respectivamente. Em relação ao consumo alimentar, 50% das crianças atingiram as necessidades nutricionais. Houve diminuição da ingestão calórica apenas quando na presença de dois sintomas, anorexia e alteração no paladar, relatados por 64,2% das crianças, bem como não houve esta diminuição quando comparada com a frequência do tratamento...

Objective: To characterize the nutritionally patients in Pediatric Oncology Clinic of the Hospital General in Caxias do Sul. Methods: Fourteen chldren were evaluated, between August an September of 2008. To determine the nutritional status of patients were used: the anthropometric assessment body (mid-upper arm circunference and triceps skinfold thickness), the food assessment by means of 24-hour diet recall and the therapy evaluation through questions about treatment...