The effect of photobiomodulation using low-level laser therapy on tooth sensitivity after dental bleaching: a systematic review.

The authors aimed to conduct a systematic review to assess data from the current literature on the effectiveness of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) in preventing tooth sensitivity (TS) after tooth whitening (DB). PRISMA guidelines for systematic reviews were followed. Clinical trials evaluating the treatment of LLLT in patients with sensitivity after tooth whitening were selected. A full bibliographic search was performed on May 4, 2021, in the following databases: Embase, MEDLINE via PubMed, SciELO, VHL Regional Portal, Web of Science, Gray Literature, Scopus, ClinicalTrials.gov and Cochrane Library. This study followed Cochrane's recommendations for analyzing risk of bias. A total of 1054 studies were found (255 studies were excluded because they were duplicates and 785 because of titles and abstracts). Only 14 articles were selected for analysis, of which eight were excluded because they had one or more exclusion criteria, resulting in six articles included in this systematic review, the vast majority being classified as low risk of bias. The studies reviewed indicated that LLLT showed promise in preventing TS after TB. However, evidence is limited and more clinical trials with low risk of bias are needed to reach a definitive conclusion on the action of LLLT in pain control after TB.

Academic achievement and emotional and behavioural problems: The moderating role of gender.

The present study aimed to explore the association between academic achievement and emotional and behavioural problems and the moderation role of gender in this association. 1350 Portuguese school-aged children and adolescents from first to ninth grade (6-15-year-old), part of a national representative sample, were assessed by teachers and parents with questionnaires from the Achenbach System of Empirically Based Assessment (ASEBA). Results show that academic achievement significantly predicts child and adolescent's internalizing, externalizing, and total problems. Gender moderates the association between academic achievement and child and adolescent's externalizing and total problems, both at school and in the family context. The results underscore the relevance of academic achievement in children and adolescent's emotional and behavioural problems, and particularly in boys.

Combination of two desensitizing protocols to control dentin hypersensitivity in non-carious lesions: a randomized, double-blind clinical trial.

OBJECTIVES: This study evaluated the effect of photobiomodulation (PBM) combined with 8% strontium acetate (SA8%) in the treatment of dentin hypersensitivity (DH) in non-carious lesions and analyzed the risk factors with the patient's quality of life. METHODS: Eighty teeth with DH were randomly allocated into four treatment groups (n = 20): G1, PBM imitation + toothpaste with no active ingredient; G2, PBM imitation + toothpaste with SA8%; G3, PBM + toothpaste without the active ingredient; and G4, PBM + toothpaste with SA8%. Participants were provided with a questionnaire on the experience of dentin hypersensitivity (QEDH) to assess the impact of desensitizing treatment on health-related quality of life (HRQL). Friedman and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used for intra- and intergroup comparisons, and Wilcoxon and Mann-Whitney tests were used to analyze HRQL. All analyses used significance levels of 5%. RESULTS: Intergroup comparisons revealed a significant difference (p < 0.05); G4 had the best response in terms of HD reduction in G4 compared to the other groups on the 7th day of assessment (T3). Only G4 showed a statistically significant difference (p < 0.05) in the reduction of EDH for intragroup analysis. CONCLUSION: The combination of therapies was more effective in reducing DH than the isolated use of these strategies. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The combination of therapies is effective in the treatment of DH.

Combination of strontium chloride and photobiomodulation in the control of tooth sensitivity post-bleaching: A split-mouth randomized clinical trial.

OBJECTIVE: This split-mouth randomized controlled clinical trial assessed the effect of 10% strontium chloride in combination with photobiomodulation (PBM) for the control of tooth sensitivity (TS) post-bleaching. METHODS: The upper/lower, right and left quadrants of fifty volunteers were randomized and allocated to four groups (n = 25): PLACEBO-placebo gel + simulation of PBM; Placebo + PBM; STRONTIUM-10% strontium chloride + simulation of PBM; and PBM + STRONTIUM-10% strontium chloride + PBM. All groups received tooth bleaching treatment with 35% hydrogen peroxide. For the PBM treatment, the laser tip was positioned in the apical and cervical regions of the teeth bleached in the respective hemi-arch. The laser system was operated in continuous mode, using 1.7 J of energy. A dose of 60 J/cm2 was applied to each point for 16 seconds under 808 nm near-infrared light (100mW of power), with a point area of 0.028 cm2. TS was assessed during a 21-day follow-up, using the modified visual analogue scale. RESULTS: In the intragroup assessment, the Friedman test indicated that PBM + STRONTIUM promoted the greatest reduction in TS after the second week of treatment (p ≤ 0.05). The Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test indicated that the groups Placebo + PBM, STRONTIUM, and STRONTIUM + PBM did not differ statistically (p ≥ 0.05) in the first and third weeks of treatment The group PLACEBO exhibited the greatest TS in the first three days after each bleaching session. CONCLUSION: The combination of 10% strontium chloride with PBM was effective in reducing post-bleaching TS; however, the combination of 10% strontium chloride with PBM was effective in reducing post-bleaching TS; however, it did not differ from the individual use of Placebo + PBM or STRONTIUM groups assessed after 21 days of follow-up.

Meta-Analysis on Parent-Teacher Agreement on Preschoolers' Emotional and Behavioural Problems.

Based on a meta-analysis, this study aimed to examine cross-informant agreement between parents and teachers about Internalizing, Externalizing and Total Problems in preschool children using community and clinical samples and to test the effects of the type of sample, the measure used for assessments, and child sex on agreement between informants. The meta-analysis involved 23 studies assessing cross-informant agreement for preschool children. Informants were parents and teachers. The level of cross-informant agreement tended to be low. Meta-regression analyses showed that the child's sex, the type of sample, and the measure used for assessments did not predict the level of cross-informant agreement on emotional and behavioural problems. The findings were in line with previous research results. Furthermore, the studied variables did not contribute to the prediction of agreement, suggesting the development of further studies that focus on other variables that may interfere with agreement in informants' reports and will contribute to explaining different ratings of internalizing and externalizing problems in preschool-aged children.

Child's oxytocin response to mother-child interaction: The contribution of child genetics and maternal behavior.

The oxytocinergic system is a primary biological system involved in regulating a child's needs for bonding and for protection from threats. It is responsive to social experiences in close relationships, though evidence across studies is not entirely consistent. Guided by previous literature, we investigated individual and environmental factors predicting and presumably affecting children's oxytocin (OT) response during mother-child interaction. by focusing on children's OXTR genotype, and maternal behavior, respectively. This was achieved by assessing salivary OT levels of 88 Portuguese preschoolers prior to and following a mother-child interaction task, and by genotyping children's OXTR SNP rs53576. Maternal interactive behavior was assessed using Ainsworth scales. Results indicated that child genotype and mother's sensitive responsiveness interacted in predicting change in child OT concentrations from before to after the interaction. Specifically, Genotypic differences emerged under conditions of low maternal sensitive responsiveness: OT levels increased over time for children with the GG genotype when maternal sensitive responsiveness was low, but no such genotypic differences were evident when mothers were highly sensitive responsive. Findings provide preliminary support for the notion that increased understanding of children's OT and close relationships requires consideration of both individual and environmental factors.

Assessment of temperament at 13 and 24 months usingmaternal report: validation of the portuguese version of infant characteristics questionnaire / Avaliação do temperamento aos 13 e aos 24 meses através do relato da mãe: validação da versão portuguesa do infant characteristics questionnaire

According to Bates (1989), the concept of temperament is applied when we refer to children, adolescents or adults, especially when we want to know more about a person's activity, mood or emotional responses. Thus, temperament is a set of individual traits, with biological origins, present from early childhood, showing some kind of continuity over time. Assuming that the assessment of temperament is informative of a child's functioning, it isrelevantto have valid instruments to collect this kind of data. The studies presented in this paper are part of a broader research project that aims to understand the development of children aged from 0 to 60 months. More specifically, the two studies generally aim to validate the Infant Characteristics Questionnaire (ICQ1) for 13 and 24 months of age for the Portuguese population, using mothers as informants. The first sample consisted of 289 infants aged between 11 and 20 months (Study 1) and the second sample comprised 398 children aged between 21 and 32 months (Study 2). Data from the two samples wascollected in nurseries and day-care services in northern Portugal (convenience samples). During data collection, in addition to completing the ICQ, mothers were asked to complete a questionnaire with demographic information about themselves, their child and their pregnancy. The specific goals of this study were to evaluate the psychometric properties - construct validity and internal consistency - of the two versions of this instrument. Results from both studies show that factorial solutions were both appropriate for these versions of ICQ for13 months and for 24 months. In addition, levels of internal consistency of the dimensions obtained are generally adequate.(AU)

O temperamento é considerado um conjunto de traços individuais, com origem em parte biológica, que se demonstram desde a infância precoce e que apresentam algum grau de continuidade ao longo do tempo. Desta forma, e uma vez que a avaliação do temperamento permite compreender de forma mais aprofundada o funcionamento da criança, torna-se necessária e relevante a validação de instrumentos que permitam recolher este tipo de informação nos mais variados contextos. Os estudos que aqui se apresentam estão inseridos num projecto de investigação mais amplo que visa conhecer melhor o desenvolvimento de crianças com idades compreendidas entre os 0 e os 60 meses de idade. Mais especificamente, os dois estudos mencionados têm como objectivo geral validar o Infant Characteristics Questionnaire (ICQ¹) para os 13 e para os 24 meses de idade para a população portuguesa, junto de mães. Assim, recorreu-se a duas amostras de conveniência. A primeira amostra é composta por 289 bebés com idades compreendidas entre os 11 e os 20 meses de idade (Estudo 1), e a segunda amostra é composta por 398 crianças com idades entre os 21 e os 32 meses de idade (Estudo 2). As duas amostras foram recolhidas em creches e jardins-de-infância da zona Norte de Portugal Continental. Durante o processo de recolha de dados, para além do preenchimento do ICQ¹, foi solicitado à que mãe completasse uma ficha sócio demográfica com informação relativa a si, à criança e à gravidez. Os objectivos específicos deste estudo foram avaliar as qualidades psicométricas das duas versões deste instrumento quanto à validade de constructo e quanto à consistência interna. Os resultados aqui apresentados demonstram que se alcançaram soluções factoriais adequadas quer para a versão do ICQ¹ dos 13 meses quer para a dos 24 meses junto das mães. Para além disso, os níveis de consistência interna das dimensões obtidas são, no geral, adequados.(AU)

Avaliação do temperamento aos 13 e aos 24 meses através do relato da mãe: validação da versão portuguesa do Infant Characteristics Questionnaire / Assessment of temperament at 13 and 24 months usingmaternal report: validation of the Portuguese version of Infant Characteristics Questionnaire

O temperamento é considerado um conjunto de traços individuais, com origem em parte biológica, que sedemonstram desde a infância precoce e que apresentam algum grau de continuidade ao longo do tempo. Desta forma, e uma vez que a avaliação do temperamento permite compreender de forma mais aprofundada o funcionamento da criança, torna-se necessária e relevante a validação de instrumentos que permitam recolher este tipo de informação nos mais variados contextos. Os estudos que aqui se apresentam estão inseridos num projecto de investigação mais amplo que visa conhecer melhor o desenvolvimento de crianças com idades compreendidas entre os 0 e os 60 meses de idade. Mais especificamente, os dois estudos mencionados têm como objectivo geral validar o Infant Characteristics Questionnaire (ICQ1)para os 13 e para os 24 meses de idade para a população portuguesa, junto de mães. Assim, recorreuse a duas amostras de conveniência. A primeira amostra é composta por 289 bebés com idades compreendidas entre os 11 e os 20 meses de idade (Estudo 1), e a segunda amostra é composta por 398 crianças com idades entre os 21 e os 32 meses de idade (Estudo 2). As duas amostras foram recolhidas em creches e jardins-de-infância da zona Norte de Portugal Continental. Durante o processo de recolhade dados, para além do preenchimento do ICQ1, foi solicitado à que mãe completasse uma ficha sócio demográfica com informação relativa a si, à criança e à gravidez. Os objectivos específicos deste estudo foram avaliar as qualidades psicométricas das duas versões deste instrumento quanto à validade de constructo e quanto à consistência interna. Os resultados aqui apresentados demonstram que se alcançaram soluções factoriais adequadas quer para a versão do ICQ1 dos 13 meses quer para a dos 24 meses junto das mães. Para além disso, os níveis de consistência interna das dimensões obtidas são, no geral, adequados.(AU)

Avaliação do temperamento aos 13 e aos 24 meses através do relato da mãe: validação da versão portuguesa do Infant Characteristics Questionnaire / Assessment of temperament at 13 and 24 months usingmaternal report: validation of the Portuguese version of Infant Characteristics Questionnaire

O temperamento é considerado um conjunto de traços individuais, com origem em parte biológica, que sedemonstram desde a infância precoce e que apresentam algum grau de continuidade ao longo do tempo. Desta forma, e uma vez que a avaliação do temperamento permite compreender de forma mais aprofundada o funcionamento da criança, torna-se necessária e relevante a validação de instrumentos que permitam recolher este tipo de informação nos mais variados contextos. Os estudos que aqui se apresentam estão inseridos num projecto de investigação mais amplo que visa conhecer melhor o desenvolvimento de crianças com idades compreendidas entre os 0 e os 60 meses de idade. Mais especificamente, os dois estudos mencionados têm como objectivo geral validar o Infant Characteristics Questionnaire (ICQ1)para os 13 e para os 24 meses de idade para a população portuguesa, junto de mães. Assim, recorreuse a duas amostras de conveniência. A primeira amostra é composta por 289 bebés com idades compreendidas entre os 11 e os 20 meses de idade (Estudo 1), e a segunda amostra é composta por 398 crianças com idades entre os 21 e os 32 meses de idade (Estudo 2). As duas amostras foram recolhidas em creches e jardins-de-infância da zona Norte de Portugal Continental. Durante o processo de recolhade dados, para além do preenchimento do ICQ1, foi solicitado à que mãe completasse uma ficha sócio demográfica com informação relativa a si, à criança e à gravidez. Os objectivos específicos deste estudo foram avaliar as qualidades psicométricas das duas versões deste instrumento quanto à validade de constructo e quanto à consistência interna. Os resultados aqui apresentados demonstram que se alcançaram soluções factoriais adequadas quer para a versão do ICQ1 dos 13 meses quer para a dos 24 meses junto das mães. Para além disso, os níveis de consistência interna das dimensões obtidas são, no geral, adequados.