Preocupaciones excesivas en la adolescencia: descripción, evaluación y tratamiento de un caso de ansiedad generalizada / Overconcerns in adolescence: Description, assessment, and treatment of ageneralized anxiety case

Este trabajo presenta la descripción, evaluación y tratamiento de un estudio de caso sobre un trastorno de ansiedad generalizada. Se trata de un adolescente de 16 años aquejado de un elevado malestar emocional debido a numerosas preocupaciones. Se realiza una evaluación con diferentes instrumentos y fuentes informantes que permiten el diagnóstico y la delimitación de las variables más relevantes. Tras la evaluación realizada se implementa un proceso de intervención multicomponente que integra diferentes técnicas y estrategias de carácter cognitivo, emocional, conductual e interpersonal. Los resultados reflejan cambios sustanciales en la sintomatología que sugieren la adecuación y eficacia de la intervención realizada. Se discute el papel de la preocupación en la ansiedad generalizada, las dificultades y limitaciones de la intervención así como las actuaciones futuras que permitan afianzar los logros alcanzados

This paper shows the description, evaluation, and treatment of a study case with a generalized anxiety disorder. The case is a 16-year-old boy who suffers from a high emotional distress due to several worries. An assessment with different instruments that allows diagnosis and delimitation of the most important variables is performed. After this process of evaluation a multicomponent intervention, which integrates different techniques and strategies of cognitive, emotional, behavioural, and interpersonal character, is implemented. The results reflect substantial changes in symptoms that suggest the adequacy and effectiveness of the intervention. The role of worries as a component of the generalized anxiety disorder, difficulties, and limitations of the intervention and future actions to consolidate the achievements are discussed

Propiedades psicométricas del Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI) en población infantil y adolescente española / Psychometric properties of the Interpersonal Reactivity Index in Spanish child and adolescent population

El presente estudio explora la dimensionalidad del Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI; Davis, 1980) en una muestra de 721 sujetos españoles entre 9 y 16 años. Se realizaron diferentes análisis exploratorios como base para la propuesta de un análisis factorial confirmatorio de cinco factores de primer orden (Empatía Intelectual, Empatía Emocional Positiva, Empatía Emocional Desorganizadora, Empatía Virtual e Impasibilidad), de los cuales los dos primeros anidan en uno de segundo orden, «Estilo Social Considerado», que constituye una dimensión global de empatía positiva. Las diferentes dimensiones presentan niveles de fiabilidad y evidencias de validez adecuadas. El modelo resultante supone una alternativa robusta que incorpora nuevos componentes en la evaluación de la empatía (AU)

This article analyses the dimensions of the Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI; Davis, 1980). The sample comprised 721 Spanish participants between 9 and 16 years old. Diverse exploratory factor analyses were conducted as the basis for the final confirmatory factor analysis, through self-report. The results supported a structure with 5 first-order main factors (Intellectual empathy, Positive emotional empathy, Disorganized emotional empathy, Virtual empathy, and Impassiveness), where the two first factors are nested in a second-order dimension: «Considerate Social Style». The psychometric characteristics of the instrument were adequate. The proposed model is a new alternative to conceptualize the factor structure of empathy (AU)

[Psychometric properties of the Interpersonal Reactivity Index in Spanish child and adolescent population]. / Propiedades psicométricas del Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI) en población infantil y adolescente española.

This article analyses the dimensions of the Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI; Davis, 1980). The sample comprised 721 Spanish participants between 9 and 16 years old. Diverse exploratory factor analyses were conducted as the basis for the final confirmatory factor analysis, through self-report. The results supported a structure with 5 first-order main factors (Intellectual empathy, Positive emotional empathy, Disorganized emotional empathy, Virtual empathy, and Impassiveness), where the two first factors are nested in a second-order dimension: "Considerate Social Style". The psychometric characteristics of the instrument were adequate. The proposed model is a new alternative to conceptualize the factor structure of empathy.

The structure of Bryant's Empathy Index for children: a cross-validation study.

The present study examined the structure of Bryant's Empathy Index (BEI) using different samples for conducting exploratory and confirmatory analyses. The BEI was administered to a sample of 2714 children (mean age 11.12, SD = 1.59). Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses showed a three-factor structure: Feelings of Sadness, Understanding Feelings and Tearful Reaction. The results revealed both the multidimensionality of the instrument and appropriate fit indices for the model proposed. Although these results were very similar to those reported in other studies with a Spanish population, the analyses were conducted in a more robust way: with a larger sample and using polychoric correlations and cross validation estimation.

The Structure of Bryant’s Empathy Index for Children: A Cross-Validation Study

The present study examined the structure of Bryant’s Empathy Index (BEI) using different samples for conducting exploratory and confirmatory analyses. The BEI was administered to a sample of 2,714 children (mean age 11.12, SD = 1.59). Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses showed a three-factor structure: Feelings of Sadness, Understanding Feelings and Tearful Reaction. The results revealed both the multidimensionality of the instrument and appropriate fit indices for the model proposed. Although these results were very similar to those reported in other studies with a Spanish population, the analyses were conducted in a more robust way: with a larger sample and using polychoric correlations and cross validation estimation (AU)

El presente estudio examinó la estructura del Bryant’s Empathy Index (BEI), empleando diferentes muestras para llevar a cabo análisis exploratorio y confirmatorio. El BEI se aplicó a una muestra de 2,714 niños (edad media 11,12; DT = 1,59). Análisis exploratorio y confirmatorio revelaron una estructura de tres factores: Sentimientos de Tristeza, Comprensión de Sentimientos y Reacción de Llanto. Los resultados revelaron la multidimensonalidad del instrumento e índices de bondad de ajuste adecuados para el modelo propuesto. Aunque estos resultados eran muy similares a los que aparecen en otros estudios con población española, los análisis se llevaron a cabo de una forma más robusta: con una muestra mayor y empleando correlaciones policóricas y estimación dela validación cruzada (AU)

Temperamental and personality variables in child and adolescent depressive symptomatology.

In this study, we analyzed the relationship between temperament and personality factors and depression in children and adolescents. Temperament was assessed with the Dimensions of Temperament Survey Revised (DOTS-R), personality with the Big Five Questionnaire-Children (BFQ-C), and depressive symptomatology with the Children's Depression Inventory (CDI). The sample was made up of 535 participants (274 boys and 261 girls), aged 8 to 15 years. Results show that temperament and personality are significantly related to depressive symptomatology in children and adolescents. Those with difficult temperaments showed more depressive symptomatology, as did those with high levels of emotional instability or low levels of extraversion, openness, agreeableness or conscientiousness. Multiple regression analyses revealed greater relevance of personality variables than of temperament variables.

Temperamental and personality variables in child and adolescent depressive symptomatology / Variables de personalidad y temperamento en la sintomatología depresiva de niños y adolescentes

In this study, we analyzed the relationship between temperament and personality factors and depression in children and adolescents. Temperament was assessed with the Dimensions of Temperament Survey Revised (DOTS-R), personality with the Big Five Questionnaire-Children (BFQ-C), and depressive symptomatology with the Children s Depression Inventory (CDI). The sample was made up of 535 participants (274 boys and 261 girls), aged 8 to 15 years. Results show that temperament and personality are significantly related to depressive symptomatology in children and adolescents. Those with difficult temperaments showed more depressive symptomatology, as did those with high levels of emotional instability or low levels of extraversion, openness, agreeableness or conscientiousness. Multiple regression analyses revealed greater relevance of personality variables than of temperament variables

El presente trabajo analiza la relación entre factores temperamentales y personales con la sintomatología depresiva de niños y adolescentes. El temperamento fue evaluado con el Dimensions of Temperament Survey Revised (DOTS-R), la personalidad con el Big Five Questionnaire Children (BFQ-C) y la sintomatología depresiva con el Childrens Depression Inventory (CDI). La muestra se compone de 535 sujetos (274 varones y 261 mujeres) con edades comprendidas entre los 8 y 15 años. Los resultados muestran que el temperamento y la personalidad presentan relaciones significativas con la sintomatología depresiva infantil y adolescente. Los sujetos con temperamento difícil mostraron más sintomatología depresiva, al igual que aquellos niños con altos niveles de inestabilidad emocional o bajos niveles de extraversión, apertura, agradabilidad o conciencia. Los análisis de regresión múltiple mostraron una mayor relevancia de las variables de personalidad que las de temperamento

Análisis transversal de los cinco factores de personalidad por sexo y edad en niños españoles / Cross-sectional analysis of the big five factors of personality across age and sex groups in a spanish children's sample

The aim of this study was to investigate personality differences across age and sex groups in a Spanish children´s sample. The Big Five Questionnaire-Children (BFQ-C) was administered to a sample of 852 students (501 males and 351 females) aged 8 to 15 years. The results showed that a number of age and sex differences emerged. Adolescents scored higher on neuroticism, extraversion and lower on conscientiousness, openness and agreeableness. As far as the sex is concerned, despite females scoring higher on conscientiousness and agreeableness in the total sample, among adolescents girls reported higher scores on neuroticism and openness than male.

El presente estudio explora las diferencias por edad y sexo en los cinco factores de personalidad en población infantil. El cuestionario de personalidad de los cinco grandes (Big Five Questionnaire-Children. BFQ-C) fue administrado a 852 escolares (501 varones y 351 mujeres) de edades comprendidas entre 8 y 15 años. La comparación de medias y el análisis discriminante indicaron un patrón de personalidad diferencial entre grupos. Los sujetos de más edad presentaron significativamente más características de neuroticismo y extraversión y menores niveles de conciencia, apertura y agradabilidad. Las chicas se caracterizaron por mayores rasgos de conciencia y agradabilidad que llegada la adolescencia equiparaban a sus iguales varones a favor de un aumento del neuroticismo y un descenso de la apertura.

Dimensionalidad del cuestionario de los cinco grandes (BFQ-N) en población infantil española / Big five questionnaire dimensions in Spanish children (BFQ-C)

Se estudia la dimensionalidad del cuestionario de Cinco Factores para niños (BFQ-C) (Big Five Questionnaire-Children. Barbaranelli et al., 2003) en una muestra de 852 escolares entre 8 y 15 años. El Análisis Factorial Exploratorio (EFA) y el Análisis Confirmatorio (CFA) han reproducido una estructura pentafactorial correspondiente al Modelo de los Cinco Grandes. Los resultados han mostrado adecuadas propiedades psicométricas e índices de ajuste aceptables. La consistencia interna de los factores osciló entre 0,78 (Neuroticismo) y 0,88 (Conciencia) y la fiabilidad test-retest entre 0,62 (Cordialidad) y 0,84 (Conciencia). Las correlaciones entre diversas medidas de ajuste emocional mostraron clara evidencia de validez

In this article we studied the dimensions of the Big Five Questionnaire for children (BFQ-C. Barbaranelli et al., 2003). The participants were 852 students between 8 and 15 years old. Exploratory Factor and confirmatory factor analyses were conducted through self-report. The results supported Big Five Model. Internal Consistency estimates oscillated from 0,78 (Neuroticism) to 0,88 (Conscientiousness) and test-retest from 0.62 (Agreeableness) to 0.84 (Conscientiousness). Consensual validity was indicated by correlations between the five factor and different emotions

Evaluación de la autoeficacia en niños y adolescentes / Assessment of children´s and adolescent´s self-efficacy

El presente trabajo trata de estudiar las propiedades psicométricas y la dimensionalidad de la Chil-dren's Perceived Self-efficacy Scale de Bandura (1990). Su finalidad es explorar e investigar la percepción de eficacia del niño en distintos ámbitos de su vida como el académico, el social, el lúdico y el autocontrol. Partiendo de una muestra representativa de 543 sujetos (274 varones, 50,5 por ciento y 261 mujeres, 48,1 por ciento) comprendidos entre 8 y 15 años de edad, se realizan comparaciones entre los datos ya publicados de distintas muestras de otros países. Los resultados han mostrado adecuadas características psicométricas coherentes con los trabajos consultados (AU)

The perception of self-efficacy have a big impact on human adaptation and development. It is necessary to have a accurate tools that give us the possibility to get consistent data my order to prevent desadapted social, emotional and cognitive behaviours. The aim of this paper is to present the spanish adaptation of Children’s Perceived Self-efficacy Scale (Bandura, 1990). The factors of questionnaire are: self-efficacy academy, social, ludic and self-control. The sample is composed by 543 people, 274 boys and 261 girls from 8 to 15 years old. The results shown a good psychometric characteristics and a solid factorial analysis (AU)