A CCR4-associated factor 1, OsCAF1B, confers tolerance of low-temperature stress to rice seedlings.

KEY MESSAGE: Rice is an important crop in the world. However, little is known about rice mRNA deadenylation, which is an important regulation step of gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. The CCR4-NOT1 complex contains two key components, CCR4 and CAF1, which are the main cytoplasmic deadenylases in eukaryotic cells. Expression of OsCAF1B was tightly coupled with low-temperature exposure. In the present study, we investigated the function of OsCAF1B in rice by characterizing the molecular and physiological responses to cold stress in OsCAF1B overexpression lines and dominant-negative mutant lines. Our results demonstrate that OsCAF1B plays an important role in growth and development of rice seedlings at low temperatures. Rice is a tropical and subtropical crop that is sensitive to low temperature, and activates a complex gene regulatory network in response to cold stress. Poly(A) tail shortening, also termed deadenylation, is the rate-limiting step of mRNA degradation in eukaryotic cells. CCR4-associated factor 1 (CAF1) proteins are important enzymes for catalysis of mRNA deadenylation in eukaryotes. In the present study, the role of a rice cold-induced CAF1, OsCAF1B, in adaptation of rice plants to low-temperature stress was investigated. Expression of OsCAF1B was closely linked with low-temperature exposure. The increased survival percentage and reduced electrolyte leakage exhibited by OsCAF1B overexpression transgenic lines subjected to cold stress indicate that OsCAF1B plays a positive role in rice growth under low ambient temperature. The enhancement of cold tolerance by OsCAF1B in transgenic rice seedlings involved OsCAF1B deadenylase gene expression, and was associated with elevated expression of late-response cold-related transcription factor genes. In addition, the expression level of OsCAF1B was higher in a cold-tolerant japonica rice cultivar than in a cold-sensitive indica rice cultivar. The results reveal a hitherto undiscovered function of OsCAF1B deadenylase gene expression, which is required for adaptation to cold stress in rice.

Severe Necrosis and Cellulitis Complicating Treatment with Interferon ß-1a.

PURPOSE: A case report with a review of the current literature concerning cutaneous necrosis has occasionally been reported in interferon therapy. CASE REPORT: We report a 19-year-old woman diagnosed multiple sclerosis for three years. She selfinjected the standard dose of recombinant interferonß-1a (12 million units) subcutaneously three times a week. Severe necrotizing cutaneous reactions over abdomen Happened and she must receive parental antibiotics and surgical debridement. CONCLUSION: Our observation emphasizes the importance of educating patients on the proper selfadministration of subcutaneous injections of interferon ß.

A CCR4 Association Factor 1, OsCAF1B, Participates in the αAmy3 mRNA Poly(A) Tail Shortening and Plays a Role in Germination and Seedling Growth.

Poly(A) tail (PAT) shortening, also termed deadenylation, is the rate-limiting step of mRNA degradation in eukaryotic cells. The carbon catabolite repressor 4-associated factor 1s (CAF1s) were shown to be one of the major enzymes for catalyzing mRNA deadenylation in yeast and mammalian cells. However, the functions of CAF1 proteins in plants are poorly understood. Herein, a sugar-upregulated CAF1 gene, OsCAF1B, is investigated in rice. Using gain-of-function and dominant-negative mutation analysis, we show that overexpression of OsCAF1B resulted in an accelerated α-amylase gene (αAmy3) mRNA degradation phenomenon, while ectopic expression of a form of OsCAF1B that had lost its deadenylase activity resulted in a delayed αAmy3 mRNA degradation phenomenon in transgenic rice cells. The change in αAmy3 mRNA degradation in transgenic rice is associated with the altered lengths of the αAmy3 mRNA PAT, indicating that OsCAF1B acts as a negative regulator of αAmy3 mRNA stability in rice. Additionally, we found that overexpression of OsCAF1B retards seed germination and seedling growth. These findings indicate that OsCAF1B participates in sugar-induced αAmy3 mRNA degradation and deadenylation and acts a negative factor for germination and seedling development.

Reconstruction of medial patellofemoral ligament with transposition of great adductor muscular tendon for the treatment of teenagers' recurrent patellar dislocation / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate surgical method and clinical curative effects of medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) reconstruction with great adductor muscular tendon in treating teenagers' recurrent patellar dislocation.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From May 2012 to September 2014, 19 patients with recurrent dislocation of patellar, including 6 males and 13 females with an average of 16 years old (ranged from 13 to 17 years), the courses of disease ranged from 3 to 18 months(averaged 6 months). All patients were underwent great adductor muscular tendon transposition to reconstruct medial patellofemoral ligament. The curative effects were evaluated by preoperative and postoperative with Lysholm scores and Patellofemoral angle and Q angle.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All patients were followed up from 12 to 18 months with an average of 16.5 months. Primary healing was achieved at stage I. No pain, swelling and patellar dislocation or subluxation occurred. Patellofemoral angle increased from preoperative (-3.8±4.9)° to (10.3±4.1)° postoperatively. Q angle decreased from preoperative(16.4±3.1)° to(10.5±1.2)° postoperatively; Lysholm scores were improved from preoperative (68.6±8.5) to (93.7±6.5) final follow-up (<0.01), and 15 cases got excellent results, 3 good, and 1 fair.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Reconstruction of medial patellofemoral ligament with transposition of great adductor muscular tendon could obviously recover stability of patellar, and it is one of the effective methods for the treatment of teenagers' recurrent patellar dislocation.</p>

Effect of glutathione on blood coagulation function / 中国实验血液学杂志

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of glutathione (GSH) on blood coagulation. The normal plasma samples and mixed plasma samples were taken randomly, and into which the normal dose and different concentration of GSH were added. The prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), fibrinogen (FIB) and thrombin time (TT) were detected by using coagulation method before and after treatment with GSH. The detection results of normal plasma and mixed plasma containing GSH of different concentration were compared and analyzed with linear regression. The results showed that the APTT and FIB values of the plasma containing 2.5 mg/L glutathione or more, PT values of the plasma containing 10 mg/L glutathione or more, and TT values of the plasma containing 1250 mg/L glutathione or more were significantly different from those results of normal plasma or mixed plasma (P < 0.01) . There was a linear relation between all of the detection results of PT,APTT, FIB, TT and glutathione concentrations. The results of TT, APTT, PT and FIB detection in patient plasma were statistically different (P < 0.01) before and after treatment with normal concentration GSH. It is concluded that glutathione can influence detection results of coagulation function.

Analysis of the relative distribution and gene variation of HPV16 transforming gene at different stages of cervical lesions / 中华肿瘤杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>The aim of this study was to analyze the relative distribution and gene variation of HPV16 transforming gene E6, E7 and E5 at different stages of cervical lesions.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>DNA was extracted from tissue samples of 200 patients with cervical lesions, including 124 cervical cancer, 17 CIN grade I and II, 23 CIN grade III and 36 cervicitis. Then HPV16 E6, E7 and E5 genes were amplified, and part of the E6 and E7 PCR products were sequenced using the HPV16 E6 and E7 specific primers.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The positive rate of E6 gene in cervicitis, CINI and CINII, CINIII and cervical cancer was 25.0%, 29.4%, 60.9% and 76.6%, respectively. The positive rate of E7 gene was 16.7%, 41.2%, 43.5% and 61.3%, respectively. The positive rate of E5 gene was 5.6%, 5.9%, 30.4% and 40.3%, respectively. HPV16 E6 gene mutations in Nt 178 were found in 47 case from 80 cervical cancer samples, resulting in amino acid change of Asp to Glu. The mutation rate was 58.8%.Otherwise the mutation rate of E6 178 in cervicitis and CIN I approximately III samples was 25.0% and 31.8%. E7 mutations were found in Nt 647 in 21 cervical samples from 30 cervical cancer samples, resulting in amino acid change of Asn to Ser. The mutation rate was 70.0%. The mutation rate of E6 647 in cervicitis and CINI approximately III samples was 35.0% and 40.9%, respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The positive rate of E6 and E7 increase gradually from cervicitis, CINI and CINII, CINIII to cervical cancer. The rate of E5 is relatively lower than that of E6 and E7 gene in cervical tissue samples. These results show that E6 and E7 gene are highly associated with the progress of cervical cancer and E5 genes are lost in the development of cervical cancer. High frequency mutations of HPV16 E6 and E7 gene in E6 178, E7 647 have been found in cervical cancer samples in Hubei province, China. These results approved that the HPV16 variants prevalent in this area are different from the European and African variants.</p>

Preparation and characterization of a monoclonal antibody against human SOCS3 / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To prepare and characterize the monoclonal antibody (mAb) against human SOCS3.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>BALB/c mice were immunized with recombinant GST-SOCS3 protein, from which the spleen cells were isolated and fused with Sp2/0 cells. After several rounds of screening and cloning, the hybridoma cell strain secreting anti-SOCS3 mAb was obtained, whose specificity was evaluated using ELISA and Western blotting, and the titer, immunoglobulin subtype and affinity of the mAb were also measured.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The hybridoma cell strain secreting anti-SOCS3 mAb was identified to belong to IgG2a subtype. The mAb titers in cultural supernatant and acetic fluid were 1:640 and 1:25600, respectively, as determined by ELISA with affinity reaching 4.84x10(6) L/mol.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The success in anti-SOCS3 mAb preparation provides the basis for further study of the negative regulation of cytokine signal transduction and the immunoregulation in microorganism infections.</p>

Optimized isolation and purification of non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae Haps protein / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To optimize the isolation and purification conditions for Hap(s) protein of non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Hap(s) protein was purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation, dialysis desalting and Hitrap weak cation exchange columns of CM Sepharose Fast Flow. The condition of the elution was optimized for pH and ionic strength, the absorbance at 280 nm of the elution samples were detected, and the targeted protein band in the collected samples was observed by SDS-PAGE electrophoresis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The Hitrap ion exchange column was eluted with buffer 1, which resulted in a baseline distribution of absorbance at 280 nm. Buffer 2 elution of the column resulted in the presence of peak absorbance with trails, which was identified to be constituted by some low molecular weight bands by subsequent SDS-PAGE. In serial column elution with buffer 3 with different ionic strength, a peak absorbance was observed with the ionic strength of 100 mmol/L NaCl, and SDS-PAGE confirmed that the peak was generated by the target protein. No obvious peaks or bands in SDS-PAGE occurred with the other ionic strengths.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The pH of the buffer only affect the elution of the irrelevant proteins rather than the Hap(s) protein, and elution with the buffer containing 100 mmol/L NaCl can be optimal for eluting the Hap(s) protein.</p>

Assessment of exposure to extremely low frequency magnetic field emitted from monitors / 中华预防医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVES</b>To investigate intensity of extremely low frequency magnetic field (ELFMF) emitted from cathode-ray tubes (CRT) of monitors in various directions and to find ways to avoid its influence.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Two hundred CRT monitors and 10 monitors with liquid-crystal display (LCD) were selected. Their ELFMF was detected for three times in front of the monitor at an interval of every 5 cm from 0 cm to 50 cm, as well as at various directions from the monitor.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Intensity of ELFMF significantly attenuated at regular operating position (30 - 40 cm) from 0 cm to 50 cm in front of both 38 cm and 43 cm CRT monitors (P < 0.05). Intensity exceeded 0.4 microT both within 15 cm and 10 cm in front of 38 cm and 43 cm monitors. The highest intensity was found at the upright top position of both kinds of monitors, 9.54 microT for 38 cm monitor and 6.38 microT for 43 cm one, respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>It is suggested to keep away from monitor screen as possible when operating a computer, to reduce unnecessary operation in front of a monitor screen, and to shorten operating time. To avoid more hazards from interactive interference between computers, it is necessary to increase distance between monitors.</p>

Comparison of perioperative myocardial enzyme changes among congenital, rheumatic and coronary artery diseases / 中华外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe and compare perioperative myocardial enzyme changes in 107 patients with congenital (CHD, n = 53), rheumatic (RHD, n = 40) and coronary artery (CAD, n = 14) diseases, and to find whether different diseases can affect the release and recovery of myocardial enzymes after heart operations.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>On the day before operation and the 1st, 3rd, 5th and the 8th day after operation, the venous blood was taken to measure the release of myocardial enzymes: aspartate aminotransferase (AST), creatine kinase (CK), MB isoenzyme of creatine kinase (CK-MB), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and LDH-1.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All the enzymes measured before operation in three groups were in the normal range; their release increased abruptly on the 1st day postoperatively to 2 - 15 times of those before operation; on the 3rd day, they recovered to some degrees, and on the 8th day they recovered to normal in all groups except LDH and LDH-1 in rh and CAD groups. Because the aortic cross-clamp time (CCT) had a good positive correlation to the release of myocardial enzymes, those patients whose CCT was over 60 minutes in three groups were compared revealing that the CCT was not different between three groups (P < 0.05). The release of CK, CK-MB and AST was significantly higher in CHD60 group than those in CHD60 and CAD60 groups, they recovered afterwards; while the release of DH and LDH-1 was higher in CAD60 group than those in CAD60 and in CHD60 groups from the 1st day to the 8th day postoperatively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The release of all the 5 enzymes measured before operation was in normal range in selected CHD, RHD and CAD patients. The release peak and the recovery order of all enzymes were the same in three groups. The release of CK, CK-MB and AST was higher in CHD60 group than those in RHD60 and CAD60 groups on the 1st day. The release of LDH and LDH-1 was higher in RHD60 group than those in CHD60 and CAD60 groups from the 1st day to the 8th day postoperatively. The shorter the CCT is, the less the release of myocardial enzymes. Using the release of LDH and LDH-1 to evaluate the recovery of myocardial injury after open-heart operations was recommended.</p>