Anticancer Effect of Tanshinones on Female Breast Cancer and Gynecological Cancer.

Female breast cancer, ovarian cancer, cervical cancer, and endometrial cancer are the most common tumors and the most common causes of cancer-related mortality worldwide in women. Drugs derived from natural plants play important roles in malignant tumor therapy. Salvia miltiorrhiza is a commonly used Chinese herb which has been used in the treatment of liver diseases and cardiovascular diseases because of its positive effect of promoting blood circulation, increasing oxidative stress, and removing blood stasis. Recently, studies have found that fat-soluble components of Salvia miltiorrhiza such as tanshinone II, tanshinone I, cryptotanshinone, and dihydrotanshinone I displayed good antitumor activity in vivo and in vitro for gynecological cancer by different molecular mechanisms. In this study, the latest research progress on the antitumor effect and mechanism of tanshinone compounds in breast cancer and gynecological cancer was reviewed to provide references for the research and clinical application of these compounds (tanshinone II, tanshinone I, cryptotanshinone, and dihydrotanshinone I).

Effect of cytokines and platelet-rich plasma on tendon derived stem cells / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND: Tendon derived stem cells exist in the tendon and have unique functions for tendon repair. Different cytokines have different effects on the proliferation and differentiation of tendon derived stem cells. Platelet-rich plasma refers to the blood product obtained from the whole blood through gradient centrifugation and stratification, which contains a variety of cytokines that could help to promote the regeneration of ligaments and tendons. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the latest progress of effects of cytokines and platelet-rich plasma on proliferation and differentiation of tendon derived stem cells. METHODS: Using “tendon derived stem cells, tendon stem/progenitor cells, tendon stem cell, platelet-rich plasma, ligament injury” as keywords in English and “tendon derived stem cells, platelet-rich plasma, ligament injury” in Chinese, the first author searched PubMed, CNKI, and Wanfang for relevant articles published from 2007 to 2019. Literature unrelated to the purpose of the study and repetitive literature were excluded, and 83 articles that meet the criteria were included for review. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Tendon derived stem cells are ideal cells for the treatment of tendon injury in cell transplantation. Its proliferation and differentiation are influenced by cytokines. Platelet-rich plasma contains a large number of cytokines, which can stimulate the proliferation and differentiation of tendon derived stem cells and have the potential to become a carrier of cell transplantation. Exploring the relationship between cytokines and proliferation and differentiation of tendon stem cells will provide a new approach for the clinical application of tendon derived stem cells.

Study on the Separation and Purification Technology of Total Flavonoids from Sparganium stoloni by Box-Behnken Design- response Surface Methodology / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE： To optimize the purification technology of total flavonoids from Sparganium stoloniferum. METHODS： Separation and purification by macroporus adsorption resin， using sample solution pH， flow rate and concentration of eluent， the purification rate of total flavonoids as evalution indexes， the purification technology of total flavonoids from S. stoloniferum were optimized by Box-Behnken design-response surface methodology based on single factor test. Validation test was conducted. RESULTS： The optimal purification technology was sample solution pH 4.8， flow rate of eluent 2.0 BV/h， concentration of eluent 72％. The purification rate of total flavonoids in 3 batches of samples was 72.34％ （RSD＝1.77％， n＝3） in validation test， relative errors of which to predicted value （73.99％） was 2.13％. CONCLUSIONS： The optimal purification technology is stable and feasible， and can be used for the purification of total flavonoids from S. stoloniferum.

Hypertension Induced Morphological and Physiological Changes in Cells of the Arterial Wall.

Morphological and physiological changes in the vasculature have been described in the evolution and maintenance of hypertension. Hypertension-induced vascular dysfunction may present itself as a contributing, or consequential factor, to vascular remodeling caused by chronically elevated systemic arterial blood pressure. Changes in all vessel layers, from the endothelium to the perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT), have been described. This mini-review focuses on the current knowledge of the structure and function of the vessel layers, specifically muscular arteries: intima, media, adventitia, PVAT, and the cell types harbored within each vessel layer. The contributions of each cell type to vessel homeostasis and pathophysiological development of hypertension will be highlighted.

Effects of aconitine, mesaconitine and hypaconitine on calcium release in isolated adult rat cardiac myocytes / 国际中医中药杂志

ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of aconitine, mesaconitine and hypaconitine on calcium release in isolated adult rat cardiac myocytes.MethodsThe left ventricular cardiac myocytes isolated from adult Sprague-Dawley rats were perfused withacnitine, mesaconitine and hypaconitine at 0.3 μmol/L, 1μmol/L, 3 μmol/L for 12 min. The spontaneous calcium release (SCR) rate, the end-diastolic[Ca2+](F0) and the calcium transient amplitude (ΔF) were detected 4 min, 8 min and 12 min after the perfusion. 12 min after the perfusion with acnitine, mesaconitine and hypaconitine at 0.3 μmol/L, the changes of systolic dynamics and calcium transient were detected for the positive inotropic effect. Results Any of aconitine, mesaconitine and hypaconitine induced SCR, mesconitine-induced SCR rate was highest at low concentration (0.3 μmol/L), and aconitine-induced SCR rate highest at high concentration (3 μmol/L). Compared with the control, 12 min after the perfusion with acnitine, mesaconitine and hypaconitine at 3 μmol/L elevated F0 (1.459 ± 0.379, 1.585 ± 0.493, 1.213 ± 0.254vs.1.079 ± 0.108, allP<0.05) and ΔF(1.615 ± 0.455, 2.210 ± 0.756, 1.528 ± 0.422vs. 1.036 ± 0.125, allP<0.05), mesaconitine with ΔF higher than aconitine and hypaconitine. At low concentration (0.3 μmol/L), compared with control, aconitine, mesaconitine and hypaconitine increased ΔF (0.409 ± 0.127, 0.423 ± 0.107, 0.414 ± 0.118vs.0.260 ± 0.065;P<0.05 orP<0.01) and contraction amplitudes (5.464% ± 2.239%, 7.449% ± 2.548%, 5.524% ± 1.645%vs.3.428% ± 0.911%;P<0.05 orP<0.01), prolonged the time to peak of calcium transient (0.041 ± 0.016 s, 0.039 ± 0.009 s, 0.038 ± 0.011 svs.0.032 ± 0.007 s;P<0.05 or P<0.01); compared with aconitine, mesaconitine and hypaconitine decreased calcium transient time constant (0.301 ± 0.054 s, 0.324 ± 0.064 svs.0.361 ± 0.076 s;P<0.05 orP<0.01) and diastolic t50 (0.124 ± 0.035 s, 0.126 ± 0.040 svs.0.157 ± 0.056 s;P<0.05 orP<0.01).ConclusionsAconitine, mesaconitine and hypaconitine reveal the positive inotropic effects couple with the toxic effects. Increased[Ca2+]in cardiac myocytes is the key factor for the positive inotropic effects, but also the risk factor for SCR.