Intensification of the SFE Using Ethanol as a Cosolvent and Integration of the SFE Process with sc-CO2 Followed by PLE Using Pressurized Ethanol of Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens L.) Larvae Meal-Extract Yields and Characterization.

The objective of this research was to investigate and compare the results obtained in the intensification and integration of (sc-CO2) under different pressure conditions (25 and 30 MPa) at 60 °C. When intensifying the process, ethanol (10%) was used as a co-solvent (sc-CO2 + EtOH). In the process integration, black soldier fly larvae flour, defatted via supercritical extraction (SFE), was the raw material for pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) using ethanol as solvent. The extract yields, fatty acid profile, free fatty acids, triacylglycerols (TAGs), oxidative stability, and nutritional quality of the oil obtained using sc-CO2 + EtOH were evaluated. The composition of bioactive compounds (carotenoids, acidity, antioxidant compounds, tocopherols, and phospholipids) was determined in both extracts. The yields of the extracts were different by 32.5 to 53.9%. In the extracts obtained with sc-CO2 + EtOH (10%), the predominant fatty acids were oleic, palmitic, and linoleic, with considerable levels of desirable fatty acids (DFA), tocopherols, and phospholipids. The nutritional indices showed good values for polyunsaturated and saturated fatty acids (PUFAs/SFAs), above 0.45%. Extracts from larvae meal defatted with SFE showed carotenoids, phenolic compounds, and antioxidant activity. HPTLC and HPLC analyses indicated the presence of amino acids, sugars, phenolics, and organic acids in their composition. This study revealed that the supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) process, or its conditions, can modify the fatty acid composition and the presence of minor bioactive compounds in the obtained extracts.

Development of a Culinary Medicine Toolkit to Improve Implementation of Virtual Cooking Classes for Low-Income Adults with Type 2 Diabetes.

Culinary medicine (CM) addresses diseases through nutrition and culinary education. To promote access to educational material for people with diabetes and engagement in virtual classes, we created a virtual culinary medicine toolkit (VCMT) sensitive to literacy levels and language preferences. The VCMT was developed to accompany existing virtual CM programs and help improve participant interaction and retention, offering educational materials for providers and participants. The provider VCMT offers level-setting education to reduce mixed nutrition messaging, including educational resources discussing inclusive nutrition and mindful eating topics. Each handout has a QR code and link to engaging, animated videos that provide further explanation. The participant VCMT offers a range of fundamental cooking skill videos and infographics, including knife skills and preparing whole grains and healthy beverages. Participant handouts and animated videos, which are played during the virtual CM class, allow participants to learn more about diabetes management and food literacy topics, including interpreting nutrition labels, and are employed during a CM to facilitate discussion and reflection. The animated videos replace a traditional slide-based lecture, allowing space for patient-centered facilitated discussions during virtual cooking sessions. The VCMT could guide the development of virtual CM interventions to shift learning from lecture-based to patient-centered discussions via a visual and inclusive medium.

Consequências da violência contra enfermeiros no contexto do atendimento pré-hospitalar / Consequences of violence against nurses in the context of pre-hospital care / Consecuencias de la violencia contra las enfermeras en el contexto de la atención prehospitalaria

Objetivo: Identificar as consequências da violência no trabalho sofridas por enfermeiros do atendimento pré-hospitalar. Métodos: Estudo transversal, descritivo, realizado com 67 enfermeiros de um serviço de atendimento pré-hospitalar do município do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Os dados foram analisados com a utilização da Janela de Johari. Resultados: Destacaram-se como consequências da violência no trabalho queixas de medo, estresse, ansiedade, insônia, irritabilidade, desmotivação laboral, taquicardia, dor de cabeça, tristeza, desânimo, hipertensão arterial, precordialgia, ganho de peso, necessidade de assistência psicológica e psiquiátrica com a prescrição de medicalização. Conclusão: A violência no trabalho do atendimento pré-hospitalar provoca consequências que envolvem as dimensões físicas e emocionais. Faz-se necessária a discussão e reflexão no plano institucional, com a participação dos profissionais, sobre as características do ambiente de trabalho, riscos, exposições, doenças relacionadas ao trabalho, nexo causal e as consequências da violência no trabalho. (AU)

Objective: Identify the consequences of violence at work suffered by nurses in pre-hospital care. Methods: This is a cross-sectional, descriptive study conducted with 67 nurses from a pre-hospital care service in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The data were analyzed using the Johari's Window. Results: Complaints of fear, stress, anxiety, insomnia irritability, work demotivation, tachycardia, headache, sadness, discouragement, hypertension, precordialgia, weight gain, need for psychological and psychiatric care with the prescription of medicalization were highlighted as consequences of violence at work. Conclusion: Violence at work in pre-hospital care causes consequences that involve the physical and emotional dimensions. It is necessary to discuss and reflect at the institutional level, with the participation of professionals, on the characteristics of the work environment, risks, exposures, work-related diseases, causal link and the consequences of violence at work. (AU)

Objetivo: Identificar las consecuencias de la violencia en el trabajo que sufren los enfermeros en la atención prehospitalaria. Métodos: Estudio transversal y descriptivo realizado con 67 enfermeros de un servicio de atención prehospitalaria en la ciudad de Río de Janeiro, Brasil. Los datos fueron analizados usando la Ventana Johari. Resultados: Las quejas por miedo, estrés, ansiedad, insomnio, irritabilidad, desmotivación del trabajo, taquicardia, dolor de cabeza, tristeza, desánimo, hipertensión, precordialgia, aumento de peso, necesidad de atención psicológica y psiquiátrica con prescripción de medicalización se destacaron como consecuencias de la violencia en el trabajo. Conclusión: La violencia en el trabajo en la atención prehospitalaria causa consecuencias que involucran las dimensiones física y emocional. Es necesario discutir y reflexionar a nivel institucional, con la participación de los profesionales, sobre las características del entorno de trabajo, riesgos, exposiciones, enfermedades relacionadas con el trabajo, relación causal y consecuencias de la violencia en el trabajo. (AU)

Percepção dos usuários de centro especializado em reabilitação física sobre barreiras de acessibilidade e mobilidade urbana / Perception of physical rehabilitation center users about accessibility barriers and urban mobility / Percepción de los usuarios de centros de rehabilitación física sobre las barreras de accesibilidad y movilidad urbana

Objetivo: compreender a percepção dos usuários de programa de reabilitação física sobre suas experiências no enfrentamento de barreiras de acessibilidade e mobilidade urbana para comparecer nos atendimentos em Centro Especializado de Reabilitação. Método:estudo descritivo, abordagem qualitativa, realizado na região Metropolitana I do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Dados coletados através de entrevistas semiestruturadas, analisados à luz da análise de conteúdo, abordagem temática. Resultados: da análise emergiram quatro categorias que evidenciaram reiteradas experiências desafiadoras no percurso de suas residências para agendamentos no programa de reabilitação, se deparando com ambientes de mobilidade urbana inadequados à circulação de pessoas com algum tipo de deficiência ou mobilidade reduzida. Considerações Finais: os participantes experimentam situações constrangedoras que os fazem se sentir impotentes, desmotivados, frustrados e com baixa autoestima, requerendo das equipes de reabilitadoras a adoção de estratégias acolhedoras de atendimentos para que não comprometam o alcance de metas planejadas no programa de reabilitação.

Objective: to understand the perception of users of a physical rehabilitation program about their experiences in facing barriers to accessibility and urban mobility to attend consultations at a Specialized Rehabilitation Center. Method: descriptive study, qualitative approach, in the Metropolitan Region I of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Data collected through semi-structured interviews, analyzed in the light of content analysis, thematic approach. Results: from the analysis, four categories emerged that showed repeated challenging experiences in the course of their residences for scheduling in the rehabilitation program, facing urban mobility environments unsuitable for the circulation of people with some type of disability or reduced mobility. Final Considerations: participants experience embarrassing situations that make them feel powerless, unmotivated, frustrated and with low self-esteem, requiring rehabilitation teams to adopt welcoming strategies for care so that they do not compromise the achievement of goals planned in the rehabilitation program.

Objetivo: comprender la percepción de los usuarios de un programa de rehabilitación física sobre sus experiencias frente a las barreras de accesibilidad y movilidad urbana para asistir a consultas en un Centro Especializado de Rehabilitación. Método: estudio descriptivo, abordaje cualitativo, realizado en la Región Metropolitana I de Río de Janeiro, Brasil. Datos recolectados a través de entrevistas semiestructuradas, analizados a la luz del análisis de contenido, abordaje temático. Resultados: del análisis surgieron cuatro categorías que evidenciaron reiteradas experiencias desafiantes en el transcurso de sus residencias para la inserción en el programa de rehabilitación, frente a ambientes de movilidad urbana no aptos para la circulación de personas con algún tipo de discapacidad o movilidad reducida. Consideraciones Finales: los participantes viven situaciones bochornosas que los hacen sentir impotentes, desmotivados, frustrados y con baja autoestima, requiriendo que los equipos de rehabilitación adopten estrategias acogedoras de atención para que no comprometan el logro de las metas previstas en el programa de rehabilitación.

Efeitos das vitaminas A, C, D, E e do mineral selênio nos pacientes com COVID-19: estduos bibliométricos / Effects of vitamins A, C, D, E and the mineral selenium in patients with COVID-19: bibliometric studies

A doença infecciosa causada pelo coronavírus da Síndrome Respiratória Aguda Grave 2 (SARS­CoV­2) ficou mundialmente conhecida por COVID-19, por resultar em um quadro respiratório grave, como pneumonia e insuficiência pulmonar, além de manifestações sistêmicas e digestivas. A gravidade da doença pode ser influenciada por vários fatores, entre eles a condição médica atual e deficiências nutricionais. O presente estudo tem como objetivo conhecer o efeito das vitaminas A, C, D, E e do mineral selênio nos pacientes com COVID-19. Utilizando a plataforma PubMed, foi realizado um estudo bibliométrico com os artigos publicados entre janeiro de 2020 e abril de 2022. Foram recuperados para o desenvolvimento da pesquisa 329 artigos, sendo 32 originais, com análise sobre o efeito das vitaminas A, C, D, E e do mineral selênio em pacientes acometidos pela COVID-19. Foi identificado que o ano de 2021 apresentou maior número de publicações e, dentre as publicações originais um grupo de cinco pesquisadores brasileiros apresentou um total de três artigos cada, sendo o maior valor encontrado. A vitamina D foi o nutriente que apresentou maior número de publicações durante o período, tanto em artigos de resivão (69%) quanto em publicações originais (69%).

The infectious disease caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS­CoV­2) became known worldwide as COVID-19, as it results in a severe respiratory condition, such as pneumonia and pulmonary insufficiency, in addition to systemic and digestive manifestations. The severity of the disease can be influenced by many factors, including current medical condition and nutritional deficiencies. The present study aims to know the effect of vitamins A, C, D, E and the mineral selenium in patients with COVID-19. Using the PubMed platform, a bibliometric study was carried out with articles published between January 2020 and April 2022. 329 articles were retrieved for the development of the research, 32 of which were original, with analysis on the effect of vitamins A, C, D, E and the mineral selenium in patients affected by COVID-19. It was identified that the year 2021 had the highest number of publications and, among the original publications, a group of five Brazilian researchers presented a total of three articles each, being the highest value found. Vitamin D was the nutrient with the highest number of publications during the period, both in review articles (69%) and in original publications (69%). The findings of this research corroborate the initial idea that adequate nutritional status can be a differential in the survival of patients with COVID-19, especially when they manifest the disease more severely. There is still no consensus on the recommendation for ingestion during infection, but health professionals can contribute by encouraging healthy eating.

Curcumin-rich extract from Central Brazil Curcuma longa protects human umbilical vein endothelial cells under oxidative stress / Extrato rico em Curcumina do Brasil Central Curcuma longa protege células endoteliais de veias umbilicais humanas sob estresse oxidativo

INTRODUCTION: In vascular diseases, the interruption of the local blood flow and the subsequent reperfusion of oxygen can cause deleterious oxidative effects on the cells. Turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) presents the capacity to neutralize free radicals along with preventive and therapeutic effects for several diseases. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the bioactive compounds and the antioxidant capacity of the ethanolic extract of Curcuma (EEC), to evaluate its effect on human umbilical vein endothelial cells, and to analyze its effect on cellular signaling pathways. METHODS: Cells were exposed to different concentrations of EEC for 24, 48, and 72 h. Folin-Ciocalteau test, HPLC-Fluorescence analysis, and DPPH method were used to determine the phenolic compounds, curcumin content, and antioxidant action, respectively; the tetrazolium salt reduction to obtain cell viability, cytotoxicity, and the concentration that inhibits 50% of cell viability; and the immunocytochemistry technique to analyze the expression of caspase3, SIRT1, and mTOR. RESULTS: We found the presence of polyphenols in the classes of phenolic acids and curcuminoids in EEC, with 16.7% curcumin content. The number of antioxidants needed to reduce the initial DPPH concentration by 50% was 18.1 µmol/g. The extract mitigated cell damage at a dosage of 100 µg/ml, decreased the immunoexpression of caspase3, and promoted the signaling of the SIRT1 and mTOR survival pathways. CONCLUSION: EEC had a protective effect on human umbilical vein endothelial cells, subjected to oxidative stress, with decreased apoptosis (caspase3) at lower concentrations, cytoprotection by maintaining essential cell functions (mTOR), and signaling of the survival pathway (SIRT1).

INTRODUÇÃO: Em doenças vasculares, a interrupção do fluxo sanguíneo locale subsequente reperfusão de oxigênio pode causar efeitos deletérios e danos irreparáveis às células. Curcuma (Curcuma longa L.) neutraliza radicais livres além de apresentar efeitos preventivos e terapêuticos. OBJETIVO: Caracterizar os compostos bioativos e a capacidade antioxidante do extrato etanólico de cúrcuma (EEC); avaliar seu efeito nas células endoteliais da veia umbilical humana, e analisar a expressão de vias de sinalização celular. MÉTODOS: As células foram expostas a diferentes concentrações de EEC por 24, 48 e 72 horas. Utilizamos o teste de Folin-Ciocalteau, análise por HPLC-Fluorescência e método DPPH para determinar os compostos fenólicos, conteúdo de curcumina e ação antioxidante, respectivamente; o método de redução de tetrazólio para viabilidade celular, a citotoxicidade e a concentração que inibe 50% da viabilidade celular; e a técnica de imunocitoquímica para analisar a expressão de caspase3, SIRT1 e mTOR. RESULTADOS: Observou-se presença de polifenóis nas classes de ácidos fenólicos e curcuminóides no EEC, com teor de curcumina de 16,7%. A quantidade de antioxidante necessária para reduzir a concentração inicial de DPPH em 50% foi de 18,1 µmol/g. O extrato mitigou o dano celular na dosagem de 100 µg/ml, diminuiu a imunoexpressão da caspase3 e promoveu a sinalização das vias de sobrevivência SIRT1 e mTOR. CONCLUSÃO: O EEC teve efeito protetor nas células endoteliais de veia umbilical humana, submetidas ao estresse oxidativo, com diminuição da apoptose (caspase3) em concentrações mais baixas, citoproteção pela manutenção das funções celulares essenciais (mTOR) e sinalização da via de sobrevivência (SIRT1).

WHO grading system for invasive pulmonary lung adenocarcinoma reveals distinct molecular signature: An analysis from the cancer genome atlas database.

Lung adenocarcinoma grading has gained interest in the past years. Recently a three-tier tumor grading was proposed showing that it is related to patients' prognosis. Nevertheless, the underlying molecular basis of this morphological grading remains partly unknown. The aim of our work is to take advantage of The Cancer Genome Atlas lung adenocarcinoma (TCGA_LUAD) cohort to describe the molecular data associated to tumor grading. We performed a study on publicly available data of the TCGA database first by assessing a tumor grade on downloadable tumor slides. Secondly we analyzed the molecular features of each tumor grade group. Our work was performed on a study group of 449 patients. We show that aneuploidy score was significantly different between grade 2 and grade 3 groups with different chromosomal imbalance (p < 0.001). SCGB1A1 mRNA expression was higher in grade 2 (p = 0.0179) whereas NUP155, CHFR, POLQ and CDC7 have a higher expression in grade 3 (p = 0.0189, 0.0427, 0.0427 and 0.427 respectively). GZMB and KRT80 have a higher methylation of DNA in grade 2 (p = 0.0201 and 0.0359 respectively). MT1G, CLEC12B and NDUFA7 have a higher methylation of DNA in grade 3 (p < 0.001, 0.0246 and 0.0359 respectively). We showed that the number of activated pathways is different between grade 2 and grade 3 patients (p = 0.004). We showed that differentially expressed genes by mRNA analysis and DNA methylation analysis involve several genes implied in chemoresistance. This could suggest that grade 3 lung adenocarcinoma might be more resistant to chemotherapy.

Financial Stress Among Latino Adults in California During COVID-19.

We study the impact of COVID-19 on stress, and especially on financial stress, among Latino adults in California. We take a mixed methods approach and rely on quantitative and qualitative data for our analysis. We recruited 84 low- and moderate-income (LMI) Latino adults in California through the Understanding America Study (UAS) Internet Panel who also participated in the Mobile Financial Diary (MFD) project, which took place during 2018 - 2019. We analyze data about personal experiences during COVID-19 in October 2020 and compare this to data collected during the period from August to October 2018. Our study portrays the experiences of California Latino adults who were predominantly born in the USA and are likely to be working and speak English. We also observe that a large percentage of our participants had health insurance and relatively high levels of educational attainment. We find contradictory results from our quantitative measures, where one of our indicators of financial behavior and well-being showed a significant increase (Financial Health Score), and the other (Financial Well-Being Scale) showed a significant decrease during COVID-19. Anxiety (GAD-7) and depression (PHQ) measures show no significant changes during COVID-19 in comparison to 2018. Nonetheless, our qualitative data analysis shows that many of our participants were experiencing major stressors during the pandemic associated with labor market experiences and family circumstances. In our qualitative data analysis, we also observe that women seemed to have been affected the most by the pandemic. Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s41996-021-00087-0.

Distribution and New Records of the Bluntnose Sixgill Shark, Hexanchus griseus (Hexanchiformes: Hexanchidae), from the Tropical Southwestern Atlantic.

The bluntnose sixgill shark, Hexanchus griseus, is a widely distributed demersal species found in tropical and temperate waters of the Pacific, Atlantic, and Indian Oceans, inhabiting continental shelves and slopes, islands, and mid-ocean ridges at depths ranging from 200 to 1100 m. In the Southwestern Atlantic, this species has been recorded from northeastern to southern Brazil, Argentina, and Uruguay. Despite this, the known distribution of this species in the Southwestern Atlantic is very patchy and, in some cases, still mostly ignored in the literature, such as in northeastern Brazil. This study, therefore, aimed to report 23 new records of Hexanchus griseus in the Tropical Southwestern Atlantic and highlight the presence of this species off the northeastern Brazilian coast. So far, Hexanchus griseus was officially reported from the Fernando de Noronha Archipelago, Saint Peter and Saint Paul Archipelago, and the state of Ceará along the northeast coast of Brazil. Herein, the known distribution is extended to the continental shelf breaks and upper slopes of other Brazilian states, reinforcing the previously reported occurrence of the species near the Saint Peter and Saint Paul Archipelago.

A sublimação como parte da espera pela adoção: vivências de adotantes em grupos de apoio a adoção no interior Cearense / Sublimation as a part of waiting for adoption: widows of adopters in adoption support groups in the interior of Ceará / Sublimación como parte de la espera de adopción: experiencias de los adoptantes en grupos de apoyo a la adopción en el interior de Ceará

A prática da adoção é antiga, sofrendo modificações através dos tempos devido aos interesses sociais. Antes os cuidados destinavam-se aos adotantes, a eles caberia gerir os adotados; atualmente, sob a vigência de uma política integral, visa os interesses do adotando. Pensamento "novo" à história da adoção. Este estudo busca compreender as emoções vivenciadas pelos pretendentes a adoção durante o processo e na formação de um novo vínculo. Com metodologia qualitativa utilizou-se acervos da psicologia, serviço social e direito, participaram do estudo três pretendentes à adoção. Utilizou-se um roteiro de entrevista semiestruturado. Analisou-se as informações através da análise de conteúdo temática. Observou-se que no interior do Ceará a atuação referente à adoção está sendo revisitada. E a articulação realizada por grupos de apoio à adoção, formados por adotantes e equipes multiprofissionais de prefeituras ganha espaço. Tais grupos surgem como um acolhimento diante das emoções enfrentadas pelos adotantes, atuando como ambiente de trocas experienciais entre aqueles que já conquistaram o filho real e aqueles que ainda vislumbram o ideal. Assim, tais grupos agem como mecanismos defensivos sublimatórios frente às ansiedades de adotantes.

The practice of adoption is old, changing over time due to social interests. Before care was for adopters, it would be up to them to manage adoptees; currently, under a comprehensive policy, it targets the adopter's interests. "New" thinking to the history of adoption. This study seeks to understand the emotions experienced by applicants for adoption during the process and in the formation of a new link. With qualitative methodology was used collections of psychology, social work and law, participated in the study three applicants for adoption. A semi-structured interview script was used. The information was analyzed through thematic content analysis. It was observed that in the interior of Ceará the action regarding adoption is being revisited. And the articulation carried out by adoption support groups, made up of adopters and multi-professional municipal teams, gains space. Such groups emerge as a welcome in front of the emotions faced by adopters, acting as an environment of experiential exchanges between those who have already conquered the royal child and those who still envision the ideal. Thus, such groups act as sublimative defensive mechanisms in the face of adopter anxieties.

La práctica de la adopción es antigua y cambia con el tiempo debido a intereses sociales. Antes de atender a los adoptantes, dependería de ellos administrar a los adoptados; Actualmente, bajo una política integral, se dirige a los intereses del adoptante. "Nuevo" pensamiento a la historia de la adopción. Este estudio busca comprender las emociones experimentadas por los solicitantes de adopción durante el proceso y en la formación de un nuevo vínculo. Con la metodología cualitativa se utilizaron colecciones de psicología, trabajo social y derecho, participaron en el estudio tres solicitantes para su adopción. Se utilizó un guión de entrevista semiestructurada. La información se analizó mediante análisis de contenido temático. Se observó que en el interior de Ceará se está revisando la acción con respecto a la adopción. Y la articulación llevada a cabo por grupos de apoyo a la adopción, compuestos por adoptantes y equipos municipales multiprofesionales, gana espacio. Tales grupos emergen como una bienvenida frente a las emociones que enfrentan los adoptantes, actuando como un ambiente de intercambios experienciales entre aquellos que ya han conquistado al niño real y aquellos que todavía imaginan el ideal. Por lo tanto, tales grupos actúan como mecanismos defensivos y sublimativos frente a las ansiedades de los adoptant.

Histopathological and molecular profiling of lung adenocarcinoma skin metastases reveals specific features.

AIMS: Little is known regarding the histopathological and molecular features of lung adenocarcinoma skin metastases. Our study is the largest, to our knowledge, to comprehensively explore these to date. METHODS AND RESULTS: We performed a retrospective cohort study analysing 42 lung adenocarcinoma skin metastasis samples obtained from a database of 2659 lung adenocarcinomas collected between 2010 and 2020. EGFR exon 19 deletion was detected in one patient and KRAS mutations were detected in 12 (33.3%) patients. The programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) tumour proportion score was <1% in 27 patients, ≥1% and <50% in eight patients, ≥50% in six patients and not assessable in one patient. We showed that the predominant histopathological subtype is different from that at other metastatic sites (P = 0.024). Thyroid transcription factor I (TTF-1) was more often negative in skin metastases compared to other sites (P < 0.001). The EGFR mutation rate tended to be lower for skin metastases compared to other sites (P = 0.079). Skin metastases were associated with a high rate of PD-L1-negative cases (P = 0.022). CONCLUSION: Our work shows that the skin metastases of lung adenocarcinoma have a specific histopathological profile.

Cytogenetic and molecular characteristics of Potamotrygon motoro and Potamotrygon sp. (Chondrichthyes, Myliobatiformes, Potamotrygonidae) from the Amazon basin: Implications for the taxonomy of the genus.

The chromosomes of two freshwater stingrays, Potamotrygon motoro and Potamotrygon sp., from the Amazon River basin in Brazil were investigated using integrated molecular (cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1) and cytogenetic analyses. Potamotrygon motoro presented intraspecific variation in the diploid number, with 2n=66 in the females and 2n=65 in the males, while Potamotrygon sp. had a karyotype with 66 chromosomes, in both sexes. The C-banding revealed the presence of heterochromatic blocks accumulated in the centromeric region of all the chromosomes in both species. The FISH assays with 18S DNA probes highlighted the terminal region of three or four chromosome pairs in P. motoro and seven chromosomes in Potamotrygon sp. The rDNA 5S sequences were found in only one chromosomal pair in both species. The interspecific genetic distance based on the COI sequences, between P. motoro and Potamotrygon sp. from Amazon River was 10.8%, while that between the Amazonian P. motoro and Potamotrygon amandae from the Paraná River was 2.2%, and the genetic distance between Potamotrygon sp. and P. amandae was 11.8%. In addition to the new insights on the cytogenetics of the study species, the results of the present study confirmed the existence of heteromorphic sex-linked chromosomes in P. motoro.

Heterogeneity of PD-L1 expression in lung adenocarcinoma metastasis is related to histopathological subtypes.

OBJECTIVES: The heterogeneity of PD-L1 expression and its relationship with histopathological subtype has recently been shown on primary tumor but has not been evaluated on metastases. The aim of our work is to analyze PD-L1 expression within each histopathological pattern on resected metastases. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 136 patients were included in this retrospective study. Immunohistochemistry was performed with 22C3 laboratory-developed test. The Tumor Proportion Score was evaluated on each subtype. RESULTS: The most frequent major histopathological subtype was solid (n = 69, 50.7 %), followed by acinar (n = 37, 27.2 %), micropapillary (n = 14, 10.3 %) and papillary (n = 10, 7.3 %). Mean percentage of PD-L1 expression for each subtype was at 28+/-4.8 % for solid subtype, 5.3+/-1.9 % for acinar subtype, 5+/-1.9 % for papillary subtype and 23.6+/-4.1 % for micropapillary subtype. Mean percentage of PD-L1 expression was different between solid pattern and acinar pattern (p < 0.001), solid pattern and papillary pattern (p = 0.007), micropapillary pattern and acinar pattern (p < 0.001) and micropapillary pattern and papillary pattern (p = 0.015). CONCLUSION: To conclude, we have showed firstly that several patterns are present in metastases of lung adenocarcinoma, secondly that the evaluation of patterns and PD-L1 stain on different patterns is reproducible, thirdly that pattern heterogeneity is related to PD-L1 staining, fourthly that in metastatic lung adenocarcinoma with at least two patterns, solid and micropapillary subtypes have higher levels of PD-L staining, fifthly that PD-L1 heterogeneity between different patterns is not a rare event. These results might explain discrepancies of PD-L1 results between biopsies and surgical samples and the fact that some patients might respond to checkpoint inhibitors even though PD-L1 expression is low or absent.

[Hobnail variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma]. / Carcinome papillaire de la thyroïde à cellules en clous de tapissier.

We report the case of a hobnail variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma revealed by a cervical mass in a 67 years-old patient. This new entity in the 2017 WHO classification is rare. Histopathological diagnosis is based on four main criteria, present in≥30% of tumor cells: a discohesive tumor, micropapillary structures and loss of cell polarity and hobnail cells. This tumor expresses markers of thyroid differentiation. The most widely described molecular alteration is BRAF V600E mutation associated with other alterations, especially p53 mutations. This reflects the agressivness of this variant. It is important to recognize the hobnail variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma and to specify it in the pathological report because of its more pejorative prognosis, with local invasion, lymph node and distant metastasis, and deacreased survival. No specific management is recommended, but a close follow up seems necessary.

Genetic diversity assessment for the vulnerable migratory cownose ray Rhinoptera bonasus (Myliobatiformes: Rhinopteridae) from the southwestern Atlantic Ocean

ABSTRACT Rhinoptera bonasus is a bento-pelagic and highly migratory species occurring from southern United States to northern Argentina. Due to overfishing effects, R. bonasus is currently at risk, classified by the IUCN Red List as vulnerable. Considering the lack of molecular data available for R. bonasus, this study aimed to describe the genetic variability and population structure of specimens sampled from three Brazilian coast ecoregions (Amazon ecoregion, Pará; Northeastern ecoregion, Pernambuco and Southeastern ecoregion, Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo and Santa Catarina), through five polymorphic microsatellite markers. Here testing the panmixia hypothesis for Brazilian ecoregions and test natal philopathy. A total of 69 analyzed specimens revealed individual and significant genetic differentiation between the sampled locations. ST (0.12), PCA, DAPC and Bayesian analyses of the genetic population structure revealed at least two distinct genetic R. bonasus groupings. IBD tests were significant, indicating a correlation between genetic and geographical distance among populations, which can be explained by reproductive philopatric behavior. Philopatric behavior associated with R. bonasus mobility may influence the differentiation values observed for all loci in the investigated samples.

RESUMO Rhinoptera bonasus é uma espécie bento-pelágica e altamente migratória, que ocorre do sul dos Estados Unidos ao norte da Argentina. Devido aos efeitos da sobrepesca, R. bonasus está atualmente em risco, classificada pela Lista Vermelha da IUCN como vulnerável. Considerando a falta de dados moleculares disponíveis para R. bonasus, este estudo teve como objetivo descrever a variabilidade genética e estrutura populacional de espécimes amostrados em três ecorregiões do litoral brasileiro (Ecorregião Amazônica, Pará; Ecorregião Nordeste, Pernambuco e Ecorregião Sudeste, Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo e Santa Catarina), por meio de cinco marcadores microssatélites polimórficos. Assim, testaremos as hipóteses de panmixia e filopatria natal. Um total de 69 espécimes analisados revelou diferenciação genética individual e significativa entre os locais amostrados. As análises de ST (0,12), PCA, DAPC e Bayesiana revelaram pelo menos dois agrupamentos genéticos distintos de R. bonasus. Os testes de IBD foram significativos, indicando uma correlação entre a distância genética e geográfica entre as populações, o que pode ser explicado pelo comportamento filopátrico reprodutivo. O comportamento filopátrico associado à mobilidade de R. bonasus pode influenciar os valores de diferenciação observados para todos os loci nas amostras investigadas.

Molecular identification of Brachygenys and Haemulon species (Perciformes: Haemulidae) from the Brazilian coast

The fishes of the Haemulidae family are currently allocated to 19 genera with a worldwide distribution in the tropical and subtropical waters of the world's oceans. Brachygenys and Haemulon are important genera of reef fish in Brazil, as they occur in large shoals, which are both ecologically and commercially valuable. This study identified the Brazilian species of the genera Brachygenys and Haemulon using DNA barcodes. While we found only a single lineage in Brachygenys chrysargyrea, Haemulon melanurum, H. parra, and H. squamipinna, more than one molecular operational taxonomic unit (MOTU) was identified in H. atlanticus, H. aurolineatum, and H. plumieri, indicating the possible existence of discrete populations or cryptic species.(AU)

Os peixes da família Haemulidae estão atualmente distribuídos em 19 gêneros, com distribuição mundial em águas oceânicas tropicais e subtropicais. Brachygenys e Haemulon são importantes gêneros de peixes recifais do Brasil, visto que ocorrem em grandes cardumes, de valores ecológicos e comerciais. Este estudo identificou as espécies brasileiras dos gêneros Brachygenys e Haemulon usando o código de barras de DNA. Embora apenas uma única linhagem de Brachygenys chrysargyrea, Haemulon melanurum, H. parra e H. squamipinna tenha sido encontrada em nosso conjunto de dados, mais de uma unidade taxonômica operacional molecular (MOTU) foi identificada em H. atlanticus, H. aurolineatum e H. plumieri, indicando a possível existência de populações discretas ou espécies crípticas.(AU)

Genetic diversity in two threatened species of guitarfish (Elasmobranchii: Rhinobatidae) from the Brazilian and Argentinian coasts: an alert for conservation

The guitarfishes Pseudobatos horkelii and Pseudobatos percellens meet the criteria for threatened status as Critically Endangered (CR) and Endangered (EN), respectively. Both species occur in the Southern Atlantic Ocean. Considering the lack of data on the genetic structure of these species, the present study evaluated the genetic variability and population structure of the P. horkelii and P. percellens in the southern region of Brazil and the northern coast of Argentina, based on sequences of mitochondrial DNA, Control Region (D-loop). Samples of P. horkelii (n = 135) were analyzed in six localities situated in Northern Argentina, along the Brazilian states' coast. The mean of nucleotide diversity was 0.0053, the ΦST was 0.4277 and demographic analysis of P. horkelii suggests the existence of stability of the populations, with D = 0.9929, FS = 2.0155, SSD = 0.0817, R = 0.2153. In P. percellens (n = 101) were analyzed from six Brazilian localities along the coast of Santa Catarina, Paraná, and São Paulo. The mean nucleotide diversity was 0.0014 and ΦST value of 0.2921, the demographic analysis indicates a high migration rate of P. percellens among the localities evaluated, with D = 0.5222, FS = 0.3528, SSD = 0.01785, R = 0.3890.(AU)

As raias violas Pseudobatos horkelii e Pseudobatos percellens, são listados como "Criticamente em Perigo" (CR) e "Em Perigo" (EN), respectivamente. Ambas as espécies ocorrem no Sul do Oceano Atlântico. Considerando a falta de dados sobre a estrutura genética dessas espécies, o presente estudo avaliou a variabilidade genética e a estrutura populacional de P. horkelii e P. percellens na região sudeste do Brasil e litoral norte da Argentina, com base em sequências de DNA mitocondrial, região de controle (D-loop). Amostras de 135 indivíduos de P. horkelii analisados em seis localidades, situadas no norte da Argentina e ao longo da costa dos estados brasileiros. A média da diversidade nucleotídica foi de 0.0053, o índice ΦST foi de 0.4277 e a análise demográfica de P. horkelii, indicou a existência de estabilidade das populações, com D = 0.9929, Fus = 2.0155, SSD = 0.0817, R = 0.2153. Em 101 exemplares de P. percellens, foram analisados em seis localidades brasileiras ao longo do litoral de Santa Catarina, Paraná e São Paulo. A diversidade nucleotídica média foi de 0.0014 e o valor ΦST de 0.2921, a análise demográfica indicou uma alta taxa de migração de P. percellens entre as localidades analisadas, com D = 0.5222, FS = 0.3528, SSD = 0.01785, R = 0.3890.(AU)

Cytotoxicity assessment of beta-lapachone in endothelial cells

The selective activity of an antineoplastic drug is related to its ability to promote cytotoxic action on tumor cells and preserve the integrity of non-neoplastic cells. Beta-lapachone is extracted from the sawdust of Ipe wood, a thick bark tree from the Ipe wood found in the Brazilian Cerrado biome. This study aimed to evaluate the cytotoxic action of beta-lapachone in an endothelial cell line. The EA.hy926 cells were seeded in two groups, G1 and G2, cultured and exposed to beta-lapachone at concentrations of 0.0, 0.01, 0.03, 0.1, 0.3, 1 and 3 & 956;M for 24 hours. G1 remained under normal cultivation conditions and G2 was subjected to oxidative stress through an ischemia and reperfusion assay, in a deoxygenated sealed chamber. The cytotoxicity assay was performed using the tetrazolium reduction method. In G1, the cytotoxicity ranged from 0.0 to 10.0%; and in G2 between 0.0 and 6.3%. No statistically significant difference was observed between the obtained values. Moreover, we found no cytotoxic action of beta-lapachone on endothelial cells, and the results point out that the drug might have preserved the cell’s integrity against oxidative stress under the conditions of this experiment. This promising result suggests the possibility of beta-lapachone as a chemotherapy drug with selective activity.

Ethanolic extract of gabirobeira (Campomanesia adamantium) leaves reduces proliferation of osteosarcoma cells in vitro

Osteosarcoma is the most commonly diagnosed malignant bone tumor in humans, with a higher incidence in children and young people. It is highly aggressive and has a high metastatic potential. Its treatment is based on both chemotherapy and surgical intervention. However, currently used chemotherapeutic agents, such as doxorubicin, have several adverse effects on the patient. Therefore, there is a growing demand for new chemotherapeutic agents that stimulate new researches, such as those involving compounds extracted from plants, such as the gabirobeira. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the cytotoxic effects of ethanolic extract, both crude and ethyl acetate, of gabirobeira leaves on osteosarcoma cells in vitro. Cytotoxicity was evaluated using the Trypan blue exclusion method and the IC50 values were calculated using the tetrazolium reduction method. The ethanolic extract of gabirobeira leaves showed a cytotoxic effect on osteosarcoma cells in vitro. The group treated with the crude extract at 1. 0& 956;L mL-1 concentration for 48 hours showed higher cytotoxicity and the lowest IC50 value for this extract was found in the 24 to 48 hours interval. The ethanolic extract of gabirobeira leaves is cytotoxic for osteosarcoma cells.

Social Listening as a Rapid Approach to Collecting and Analyzing COVID-19 Symptoms and Disease Natural Histories Reported by Large Numbers of Individuals.

Given the severe and rapid impact of COVID-19, the pace of information sharing has been accelerated. However, traditional methods of disseminating and digesting medical information can be time-consuming and cumbersome. In a pilot study, the authors used social listening to quickly extract information from social media channels to explore what people with COVID-19 are talking about regarding symptoms and disease progression. The goal was to determine whether, by amplifying patient voices, new information could be identified that might have been missed through other sources. Two data sets from social media groups of people with or presumed to have COVID-19 were analyzed: a Facebook group poll, and conversation data from a Reddit group including detailed disease natural history-like posts. Content analysis and a customized analytics engine that incorporates machine learning and natural language processing were used to quickly identify symptoms mentioned. Key findings include more than 20 symptoms in the data sets that were not listed in online lists of symptoms from 4 respected medical information sources. The disease natural history-like posts revealed that people can experience symptoms for many weeks and that some symptoms change over time. This study demonstrates that social media can offer novel insights into patient experiences as a source of real-world data. This inductive research approach can quickly generate descriptive information that can be used to develop hypotheses and new research questions. Also, the method allows rapid assessments of large numbers of social media conversations that could be applied to monitor public health for emerging and rapidly spreading diseases such as COVID-19.