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1.
Endocrinol Diabetes Nutr (Engl Ed) ; 71(4): 177-180, 2024 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38735679

RESUMO

Thyrotoxicosis is the clinical condition resulting from an excess of thyroid hormones for any reason. The main causes are Graves-Basedow disease, toxic multinodular goitre and toxic adenoma. The medical treatment to control thyroid function includes antithyroid drugs, beta blockers, iodine solutions, corticosteroids and cholestyramine. Although therapeutic plasma exchange is not generally part of the therapy, it is an alternative as a preliminary stage before the definitive treatment. This procedure makes it possible to eliminate T4, T3, TSI, cytokines and amiodarone. In most cases, more than one cycle is necessary, either daily or every three days, until clinical improvement is observed. The effect on thyrotoxicosis is temporary, with an approximate duration of 24-48h. This approach has been proposed as a safe and effective alternative when the medical treatment is contraindicated or not effective, and when there is multiple organ failure or emergency surgery is required.


Assuntos
Troca Plasmática , Tireotoxicose , Humanos , Tireotoxicose/terapia , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Masculino
2.
Rev. ORL (Salamanca) ; 11(3): 347-359, jul.-sept. 2020. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-197903

RESUMO

INTRODUCCIÓN Y OBJETIVO: Describir la etiopatogenia y el diagnóstico diferencial entre el hiperparatiroidismo primario y otras causas de hipercalcemia. SÍNTESIS: El hiperparatiroidismo primario (HPP) es una enfermedad endocrina frecuente, que se define de forma convencional como la existencia de hipercalcemia en presencia de niveles elevados de hormona paratiroidea (PTH). Aunque la forma más común de presentación en la actualidad sea como hipercalcemia asintomática, la elevada morbilidad asociada con esta patología requiere que se realice un diagnóstico precoz y preciso, tanto de la etiología como de sus complicaciones, para poder llevar a cabo un manejo adecuado de los pacientes afectados


INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: To describe the etiopathogenesis and differential diagnosis between primary hyperparathyroidism and other causes of hypercalcemia. SYNTHESIS: Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is a common endocrine disease, which is conventionally defined as the existence of hypercalcemia in the presence of elevated levels of parathyroid hormone (PTH). Although the most common form of presentation nowadays is as asymptomatic hypercalcemia, the high morbidity associated with this pathology requires that an early and precise diagnosis be made, both of the etiology and its complications, in order to carry out an adequate management of the affected patients


Assuntos
Humanos , Hiperparatireoidismo Primário/diagnóstico , Hiperparatireoidismo Primário/etiologia , Hipercalcemia/etiologia , Vitamina D , Hiperparatireoidismo Primário/patologia , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Diagnóstico Precoce , Hipercalcemia/diagnóstico , Hipercalciúria/diagnóstico , Hipercalciúria/etiologia
3.
Av. diabetol ; 30(3): 63-71, mayo-jun. 2014. tab, ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-124048

RESUMO

Hasta la fecha, algunos aspectos relacionados con la variabilidad glucémica no han conseguido dilucidarse con claridad. Cuestiones tales como la implicación que pudiera tener la «variabilidad glucémica a corto plazo» en el desarrollo de las complicaciones crónicas de la diabetes continúan sin respuesta. Sin embargo, cada vez está adquiriendo mayor relevancia el papel de «la variabilidad glucémica a largo plazo», o variabilidad de la HbA1c, en el desarrollo de dichas complicaciones. Por otra parte, la variabilidad glucémica es uno de los factores pronósticos más destacados de las hipoglucemias graves e inadvertidas, y se constituye en el factor limitante para conseguir un control óptimo de la diabetes. En esta revisión se pretende abordar los aspectos más relevantes de la variabilidad glucémica, intentando clarificar en lo posible qué es lo que podríamos esperar con su control. Además se ofrecen unas directrices con las medidas óptimas a emplear para valorarla de forma adecuada


Some aspects of glycemic variability are still not clear. Questions like the role that «short term glycemic variability» could play in the development of diabetic complications is still unanswered. On the other hand, A1C variability, or «long term glycemic variability», emerges as one of the most relevant actors in development and progression of the chronic vascular complications of diabetes. Furthermore, glycemic variability plays a central role in causing dangerous and unnoticed hypoglycemia, and it becomes the limiting factor to achieve an optimal regulation of diabetes. In this review, the most important aspects of glycemic variability are discussed, as well as clarifying, as far as is possible, what we should expect from its control. Some recommendations are also offered on how to evaluate it properly


Assuntos
Humanos , Índice Glicêmico , Glicemia/análise , Hiperglicemia/diagnóstico , Diabetes Mellitus/fisiopatologia , Estresse Oxidativo/fisiologia , Hipoglicemia/prevenção & controle , Hipoglicemiantes/uso terapêutico , Complicações do Diabetes/prevenção & controle
4.
Endocrinol. nutr. (Ed. impr.) ; 61(3): 141-146, mar. 2014. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-120749

RESUMO

En este trabajo se aporta la experiencia adquirida con el tratamiento con bombas de infusión subcutánea continua de insulina (ISCI) en 112 pacientes con diabetes mellitus a lo largo de 7 años, que previamente venían siendo tratados con múltiples dosis de insulina bolo-basal. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Estudio retrospectivo observacional de 112 pacientes con diabetes mellitus, tratados antes con pauta de insulina bolo-basal y luego con ISCI, desde de 2005 a 2012 que recibieron educación diabética individualizada con un protocolo específico. Se estudiaron las siguientes variables: frecuencia porcentual de las distintas indicaciones autorizadas para aplicar este tratamiento; valor medio anual de HbA1c y de fructosamina el año anterior a la instauración del tratamiento con la bomba de insulina y en los 7 años siguientes de seguimiento; frecuencia y sintomatología de las hipoglucemias. RESULTADOS: La causa más común de indicación fue la diabetes inestable (74,1%), seguida de hipoglucemias graves, frecuentes o inadvertidas (44,6%). Otras indicaciones fueron: horarios de ingesta variables o imprevisibles por razones profesionales (20,2%), fenómeno del alba (15,7%), gestación (12,3%), requerimiento de dosis muy bajas de insulina (8,9%) y diabetes gestacional (0,9%). La HbA1c descendió entre 0,6 y 0,9%, en tanto que la fructosamina lo hizo entre 5,1 y 12,2%. El 9% de pacientes presentaron hipoglucemias semanales, el 24% cada 2 semanas y en el 48% fueron mensuales; el 19% no presentó hipoglucemias. Solo el 10% presentó síntomas neuroglucopénicos y en el 21% fueron asintomáticas. Las hipoglucemias fueron más frecuentes al comienzo del tratamiento, disminuyendo rápidamente poco tiempo después. CONCLUSIÓN: La terapia con ISCI proporciona una mejoría del control glucémico en comparación con tratamiento de múltiples inyecciones. Requiere adiestramiento específico del paciente y ajustes de la dosificación de insulina para prevenir las hipoglucemias, que son las complicaciones más frecuentes, sobre todo al comienzo del tratamiento


This work reports the experience with use of continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) in 112 type 1 diabetic patients followed up for 7 years and previously treated with multiple daily insulin injections (MDII). MATERIAL AND METHODS: A retrospective, observational study in 112 patients with diabetes mellitus treated with CSII from 2005 to 2012, previously treated with MDII and receiving individualized diabetic education with a specific protocol. Variables analyzed included: prevalence of the different indications of pump treatment; mean annual HbA1c and fructosamine values before and after CSII treatment; and hypoglycemia frequency and symptoms. RESULTS: The most common reason for pump treatment was brittle diabetes (74.1%), followed by frequent or severe hypoglycemia or hypoglycemia unawareness (44.6%). Other indications were irregular food intake times for professional reasons (20.2%), dawn phenomenon (15.7%), pregnancy (12.3%), requirement of very low insulin doses (8.9%), and gestational diabetes (0.9%). HbA1c decreased by between 0.6% and 0.9%, and fructosamine by between 5.1% and 12.26%. Nine percent of patients experienced hypoglycemia weekly, 24% every two weeks, and 48% monthly. No hypoglycemia occurred in 19% of patients. Only 10% had neuroglycopenic symptoms. Hypoglycemia unawareness was found in 21%. Hypoglycemia was more common at treatment start, and its frequency rapidly decreased thereafter. CONCLUSIÓN: CSII therapy provides a better glycemic control than MDII treatment. Specific patient training and fine adjustment of insulin infusion doses are required to prevent hypoglycemic episodes, which are the most common complications, mainly at the start of treatment


Assuntos
Humanos , Insulina/administração & dosagem , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/tratamento farmacológico , Hipoglicemia/prevenção & controle , Sistemas de Infusão de Insulina , Estudos Retrospectivos , Dieta para Diabéticos , Índice Glicêmico
5.
Endocrinol Nutr ; 61(3): 141-6, 2014 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24355548

RESUMO

UNLABELLED: This work reports the experience with use of continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) in 112 type 1 diabetic patients followed up for 7 years and previously treated with multiple daily insulin injections (MDII). MATERIAL AND METHODS: A retrospective, observational study in 112 patients with diabetes mellitus treated with CSII from 2005 to 2012, previously treated with MDII and receiving individualized diabetic education with a specific protocol. Variables analyzed included: prevalence of the different indications of pump treatment; mean annual HbA1c and fructosamine values before and after CSII treatment; and hypoglycemia frequency and symptoms. RESULTS: The most common reason for pump treatment was brittle diabetes (74.1%), followed by frequent or severe hypoglycemia or hypoglycemia unawareness (44.6%). Other indications were irregular food intake times for professional reasons (20.2%), dawn phenomenon (15.7%), pregnancy (12.3%), requirement of very low insulin doses (8.9%), and gestational diabetes (0.9%). HbA1c decreased by between 0.6% and 0.9%, and fructosamine by between 5.1% and 12.26%. Nine percent of patients experienced hypoglycemia weekly, 24% every two weeks, and 48% monthly. No hypoglycemia occurred in 19% of patients. Only 10% had neuroglycopenic symptoms. Hypoglycemia unawareness was found in 21%. Hypoglycemia was more common at treatment start, and its frequency rapidly decreased thereafter. CONCLUSION: CSII therapy provides a better glycemic control than MDII treatment. Specific patient training and fine adjustment of insulin infusion doses are required to prevent hypoglycemic episodes, which are the most common complications, mainly at the start of treatment.


Assuntos
Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/tratamento farmacológico , Hipoglicemiantes/administração & dosagem , Sistemas de Infusão de Insulina , Insulina/administração & dosagem , Adulto , Humanos , Infusões Subcutâneas , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Tempo
6.
Arch. esp. urol. (Ed. impr.) ; 54(7): 703-705, sept. 2001.
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-1714

RESUMO

OBJETIVO: Presentamos un caso de priapismo secundario a la administración de testosterona. MÉTODO: Varón de 14 años de edad tratado con testosterona por un retraso puberal, que presentó un episodio de priapismo. RESULTADOS: El paciente presentó un episodio de priapismo relacionado con la administración de una dosis de testosterona depot de 100 mg. Fue necesario realizar la punción-aspiración de los cuerpos cavernosos para el tratamiento y la resolución del priapismo. CONCLUSIONES: El tratamiento con testosterona para el retraso puberal, en general es seguro pero pueden presentarse casos con priapismo secundario (AU)


Assuntos
Adolescente , Masculino , Humanos , Testosterona , Puberdade Tardia , Priapismo
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