The clinical symptoms and neurocognitive impairment of first-episode deficit and nondeficit subtype of schizophrenia / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective:To ulteriorly explore the differences of psychotic symptoms and neurocognitive between patients with first-episode deficit subtype of schizophrenia (FDS) and patients with first-episode nondeficit subtype of schizophrenia (FNDS).Methods:From January 2021 to September 2021, a total of 88 first-episode treatment-naive schizophrenia were recruited from the Mental Health Center of West China Hospital and divided into FDS group( n=44) and FNDS group( n=44) according to the schedule for the deficit syndrome (SDS), and 44 healthy subjects were included as healthy control group (HC group, n=44). Positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS) was used to assess psychotic symptoms of patients and Wechsler adult intelligence scale, trail making test and logic memory test were used to evaluate intelligence quotient and neurocognitive function of all subjects.SPSS 22.0 was used for statistical analysis, and independent samples t-test and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used to compare variables that met normal distribution, while the Mann-Whitney U test and Kruskal-Wallis H test were used to compare variables that did not meet normal distribution. Results:(1) There were significant differences in psychotic symptoms between the FDS group and the FNDS group.Compared with the FNDS group, the FDS group had higher total score of PANSS ((95.95±16.82) vs (88.39±16.29)), negative symptoms ((27.57±7.52) vs (16.57±5.76)) and anergastic reaction ((13.43±3.82) vs (7.00(5.00, 9.00)), and lower positive symptoms scores ((21.95±6.88) vs (25.41±6.07)), activation ((8.00(5.00, 9.00) vs (9.27±3.47)), depression ((5.50(4.00, 9.00) vs (8.00(6.00, 12.00)) and supplementary item ((13.60±4.17) vs (17.30±5.39))(all P<0.05). (2) There were differences in neurocognitive functions between FDS group and FNDS group, and which in FDS and FNDS group were worse than that in HC group.Spatial memory (block design test: (23.70±11.05) vs (31.72±11.49)) and information processing speed (digit symbol test: (38.38±15.85) vs (47.97±14.99)) of FDS group were significantly lower than those of FNDS group(both P<0.05). Intelligence quotient, information processing speed and spatial memory of FDS group and FNDS group were lower than those of HC group(all P<0.05). Conclusion:FDS patients has more severe negative symptoms and anergastic reaction, and exit worse information processing speed and spatial memory dysfunction than FNDS patients.This unique pattern of impairment suggests that information processing speed and spatial memory may be important classification indicators for differentiating the deficit subtype of schizophrenia in the early stage.

Short-term spinal cord stimulation is an effective therapeutic approach for herpetic-related neuralgia-A Chinese nationwide expert consensus.

Purpose: Short-term spinal cord stimulation (st-SCS) has been widely used to treat herpetic-related neuralgia (HN) in China for several years, but is still heavily debated as it has no strong evidence in clinical application. Therefore, a questionnaire survey among the Chinese pain specialist workgroup of the Chinese Neuromodulation Society and Chinese Medical Doctor Association was carried out to achieve a consensus about the clinical use of st-SCS for HN treatment. Methods: The contents of the questionnaire include basic information about doctors (hospital level, work experience, training, procedure numbers, etc.), efficacy, indications, and contraindications of st-SCS, operation conditions, and preoperative preparation of st-SCS, and the prospect of the st-SCS procedure. Initially, the survey was conducted on 110 experts who have practiced the st-SCS procedure from all over the provinces in China. Finally, valuable data was calculated from the 110 questionnaires excluding the doctors with <1 year of experience of st-SCS, <10 cases of procedures per year, and no standard training in SCS technique. Results: Based on the 110 questionnaires, it is estimated that 5,000 to 10,000 cases of electrical stimulation are carried out nationwide each year. Sixty-nine valid questionnaires acquired from senior pain physicians were more valuable and specialized in the efficacy, indications, and contraindications of st-SCS for HN. It was commonly agreed (97.10%) that the HN patients with <3 months will obtain good effectiveness (patient satisfaction rate ≥50%). Almost all (98.55%) agreed that st-SCS can be used in SHN patients, there was a common agreement (72.46%) that AHN patients are an indication of st-SCS, and more than half agreement (53.62%) that st-SCS may be fit for early PHN (3-6 months). A common agreement (79.71%) was achieved that more than half of HN patients had the experience of nerve block or nerve pulsed RF. A similarly large number of experts 57/69 (82.61%) agreed that an 80% paresthesia coverage should be achieved at the test stimulation and 57/69 (82.61%) agreed that the treatment of st-SCS need be persistent for 1-2 weeks. Conclusions: Early HN patients can get an effective outcome from the treatment of st-SCS and maybe the indication of st-SCS. Moreover, standardized training for pain physicians and basic research and clinical studies are warranted.

Value of multichannel epidural somatosensory evoked potentials in cortical mapping of primary sensorimotor areas / 中华神经科杂志

Objective To assess the value of muhichannel epidural somatosensory evoked potential (SEP) in cortical mapping of primary sensorimotor areas for electrode implantation of motor cortex electrical stimulation.Methods Intraoperative multichannel epidural SEP was recorded in 13 patients with intractable neuropathic pain.SEP mapping was used for determining the location of sensorimotor areas.Results The typical phase reversals of N20 and P20 were recorded and the location of the central sulcus and the primary sensorimotor area were accurately determined in 11 patients.The location of the primary sensorimotor failed to be determined in the other 2 patients because of the atypical SEP.Conclusion The intraoperative muhichannel epidural SEP is reliable in the cortical mapping.

A case-control study on the impact of cytochrome P450 2E1 and 1A1 gene polymorphisms on the risk of lung can- cer of the Han nationality in Guangzhou district / 中国肺癌杂志

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Most of the researches about lung cancer have focused on the polymorphisms of single gene rather than the cooperation of the genes. The aim of this study is to investigate the correlation of gene polymorphisms of cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) Rsa I and cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1) independently and in combination with the risk of lung cancer.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A case-control study which included 91 lung cancer cases and 91 hospital-based controls was carried out, and all of them were the Han nationality in Guangzhou district. Blood samples were collected for detecting CYP2E1 Rsa I and CYP1A1 gene polymorphisms by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLP).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>No significant difference was observed in genotype frequencies of CYP2E1 Rsa I and CYP1A1 Msp I between case and control groups. Odd ratio was 5.48 and 1.51 respectively without significant difference (P > 0.05). Individuals with CYP2E1 Rsa I C1C1 and CYP1A1 m2m2 genotype had 3.00-fold risk of developing lung cancer compared with those who had CYP2E1 Rsa I C1C2 and CYP1A1 m1m1 genotype (P < 0.05, 95% CI 1.03-8.78).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Single polymorphism of CYP2E1 and CYP1A1 doesn't increase the risk of developing lung cancer, but the combination of two genetic polymorphisms significantly increases the risk of developing lung cancer.</p>

Efffect of addition of low-dose rosiglitazone to sulphonylurea therapy on glycemic control in type 2 diabetic patients / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>We designed a multi-center, double-blind, randomized, parallel, with metformin controlled clinical trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of low dose rosiglitazone combined with sulphonylurea therapy in type 2 diabetic patients who were inadequately controlled with sulphonylurea alone.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Patients were treated with 4 mg rosiglitazone once daily plus sulphonylurea (test group) or 0.5 g metformin twice daily plus sulphonylurea (control group) for 12 weeks. The mean levels of HbA(1c), fasting and postprandial plasma glucose were recorded and compared between the two groups.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The mean levels of HbA(1c) decreased by 1.09% and 0.95% in the test group (n = 102) and control group (n = 96) respectively. Fasting and postprandial plasma glucose levels in the test group decreased by 25.0% and 35.6%, and in the control group, decreased by 17.7% and 23.8% as compared with the baseline (both P < 0.01). No liver damage was found.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Combination treatment of rosiglitazone and sulphonylurea can effectively improve glycemic control in type 2 diabetic patients inadequately controlled with sulphonylurea alone.</p>

The Influence of Attention on the Conflict Monitoring Event-related Potential N270 / 中国临床心理学杂志

Objective:To examine influences of attention on the conflict monitoring system. Methods:Thirty normal adults participated in the matching-to-sample task. They were divided into two subgroups. One subgroup was required to attend to the color while ignoring the value attribute of a number pair. The other subgroup was required to attend to the value while ignoring the color attribute of a number pair. Subjects were asked to press one of the two buttons according to whether the two digits were identical in the attended attribute and event-related potentials were recorded on their scalps. Results: A N270 component of event-related potential was recorded to the conflicting stimulus pairs but not to the matching pairs. The amplitude of N270 increased and its duration prolonged under attended condition. However, its onset latency showed no significant changes. Conclusion: The conflict monitoring process is automatically initiated and then regulated and enhanced by the attention control system.

The application of event-related potential N270 in detecting mild cognitive impairment in Parkinson disease / 中华神经科杂志

Objective To find a sensitive index which can reveal the mild cognitive impairment in non-demented patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD).Methods Thirty PD patients without clinical dementia and 34 age-matched normal controls performed a matching-to-sample task while event-related potential (ERP) was recorded from their scalp. There were two kinds of stimulus pairs in this study: condition 1, the second stimulus (S2) in a pair was identical to the first one (S1) (match condition); condition 2, S2 conflicted with S1 in their color attribute (conflict condition). Subjects were required to press a button in the match condition and another button in the conflict condition.Results In the match condition, P100, N150, P180, N200, and P300 were elicited by S2. In the conflict condition, potentials following N200 went continuously to negativity and formed another component,N270,before P300. The N270 component was evoked by S2 of conflict condition in both controls and patients. The patient group showed a delayed and smaller N270 than the control group[peak latency: P3,patients:(317?37) ms,controls:(298?31) ms;P4, patients: (313?35) ms,controls: (293?34) ms;amplitude: P3,patients: (-3.06?2.51) ?V,controls: (-4.55?2.86) ?V]. The peak amplitude of P300 was decreased in the patient group [P4,patients: (6.94?3.95) ?V,controls: (9.58?3.80) ?V], but the peak latency of P300 did not differ significantly between the two subject groups. There was no difference between the two groups in peak latency and amplitude of N150.Conclusion PD patients have cognitive impairment even in the absence of a clinical dementia. N270 is subtler than P300 in revealing the mild cognitive impairment.

Relationship of plasma homocysteine and gene polymorphism of homocysteine metabolism related enzyme with diabetic peripheral neuropathy / 中华内分泌代谢杂志

Sixty cases of type 2 diabetes with diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN), 46 cases of type 2 diabetes without DPN and 50 healthy persons were recruited. Plasma homocysteine (Hcy), serum folic acid, vitamin B 12 levels and the mutations of Hcy metabolism related enzyme-methyhenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) were assayed in individuals in this study. The results showed that high Hcy, low folic acid and vitamin B 12 levels are related with DPN in the patients with type 2 diabetes. The mutation of MTHFR C677T is associated with diabetes, but not with DPN.

THE CYTOGENOTOXICITY OF Na_2SeO_3 AND ITSTHRESHOLD CONCENTRATION / 西安交通大学学报(医学版)

The cytogenotoxic effect of Na_2SeO_3 on lymphocytes in human whole blood culture was studied. This was done by means of analysis of sisterchromatid exchange (SCE) and determination of unscheduled DNA synthesis (UDS) with the use of scintillometric procedure and autoradiographic observation. The experiments showed that Na_2SeO_3induced a significant increase of SCE value and higher levels of UDS. These results indicate that Na_2SeO_3 has DNA-damaging potential and cytogenotocity, its threshold concentration was 6.48?10~(-7)mol/L.

A STUDY ON THE FREE SELENICS IN THE SERUM OF RATS AND THEIR KINETICS IN THE MYOCARDIUM / 西安交通大学学报(医学版)

By tracing of ~(75)Se-Na_2SeO_3 incubating and irrigating of the isolated myocardial slices of rats, the numeric relationship between the free selenics in the serum and the serum sdenics, the sodium sdenite doses injected were observed; the absorption of the frce selenics and the serum selenics was compared; the setenics metabolic rate and quantities of the myocardial tissue in different duration after injecting of selcnite, the effect of selenics concentration to the participating were calculated, It is suggested that there is a very close relationship between the free selenics and the selenium metabolism in the myocardium; the ratio betwen the values of the free selenics and the serum selenics may become a stable indicator of the selenium metabolism; the free selenics in the serum may be where the important mediates of selenium metabolism are.

THE EFFECTS OF VARIOUS SELENIUM COMPOUNDS ON THE METABOLISM OF CULTURED IYMPHOCYTES / 西安交通大学学报(医学版)

se—Met. In the experimental range of concentration, the activities of GSH—px were higher than that of control.