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2.
Ginecol. obstet. Méx ; 85(4): 217-223, mar. 2017. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-892528

RESUMO

RESUMEN OBJETIVO: estimar la prevalencia de cambios y alteraciones cervicales en mujeres pertenecientes al Programa de Prevención y Detección Precoz de Cáncer de Cuello del Útero de Castilla y León, e identificar la coexistencia y genotipo más frecuente del VPH. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: estudio cuantitativo, observacional, descriptivo, transversal, retrospectivo, efectuado en mujeres de 25 a 64 años de edad que participaron en las pruebas de cribado de 2012 a 2014. Los resultados de la citología cervical convencional se interpretaron de acuerdo con la clasificación Bethesda 2001. La detección y genotipificación del VPH se realizó con PCR. Las variables cualitativas se describen mediante frecuencias absolutas y relativas (porcentajes) de sus categorías, con IC95% . Para estudiar la asociación entre variables cualitativas se utilizó la prueba de χ2. Se consideró estadísticamente significativo el valor de p≤0.05. RESULTADOS: se analizaron 190,203 muestras de frotis de cuello uterino. El 66.4% de las muestras citológicas no mostró lesiones ni alteraciones morfológicas. De las muestras citológicas con alteraciones se identificaron 7,083 con metaplasia, 2,844 con células escamosas atípicas (1.5%), 855 con lesiones de bajo grado (0.4%), 255 con lesiones de alto grado (0.13%) y 198 con lesiones cancerosas (0.1%). Las lesiones intraepiteliales de bajo y alto grado, además de los carcinomas, fueron más frecuentes en las muestras positivas a VPH (p<0.001). En relación con la atrofia vaginal de mujeres perimenopáusicas, los genotipos más frecuentes fueron el VPH-53 (0.7%), VPH-31 (0.6%) y VPH-58 (0.5%). En pacientes con lesiones intraepiteliales el genotipo más frecuente fue el VPH-16. CONCLUSIONES: la prevalencia del VPH suele ser más alta conforme aumenta la severidad de la lesión citológica detectada. El genotipo aislado con mayor frecuencia en lesiones intraepiteliales de alto o bajo grado es el VPH-16.


ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence of cervical changes and alterations in women belonging to the Program for the Prevention and Early Detection of Cervical Cancer of Castilla y León, and to identify the most frequent presence and genotype of Human Papilloma Virus (HVP). MATERIAL AND METHODS: A quantitative, observational, descriptive, cross-sectional, retrospective study of women aged 25-64 years who participated in screening tests during 2012 and 2014. The results of conventional cervical cytology were interpreted according with the Bethesda 2001 classification. The detection and genotyping of HPV was performed across PCR. Qualitative variables are described by absolute and relative frequencies (percentages) of their categories, with a 95% confidence interval (CI 95%). To study the association between qualitative variables, the χ2 test was used. The value of p≤0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: 190,203 samples of cervical smears were analyzed during the period. 66.4% of the cytological samples showed no lesions or morphological alterations. Of the cytological samples with alterations we identified 7,083 with metaplasia, 2,844 with atypical squamous cells (1.5%), 855 with low grade lesions (0.4%), 255 with high grade lesions (0.13%) and 198 with cancerous lesions%). Low- and high-grade intraepithelial lesions, in addition to carcinomas, were more frequent in HPV positive samples (p <0.001). To the vaginal atrophy of perimenopausal women we detected HPV-53 (0.7%), HPV-31 (0.6%) and HPV-58 (0.5%) genotypes. In patients with intraepithelial lesions the most frequent genotype was HPV-16. CONCLUSIONS: the prevalence of HPV is usually higher according to the severity of the cytological lesion detected. The most frequently isolated genotype in high-grade low-grade intraepithelial lesions is HPV-16.

5.
Rev. esp. quimioter ; 19(4): 342-348, dic. 2006. ilus
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-053435

RESUMO

Nuestro objetivo fue determinar si hubo diferencias en el consumo de antibióticos sistémicos entre la población pediátrica de las once Áreas de Salud de la Comunidad Castellano-Leonesa en los años 2001 a 2005 y analizar las posibles causas. Los datos del consumo extrahospitalario de antibióticos en la población pediátrica se obtuvieron de la base de datos que procesa los antibióticos facturados en el Servicio de Salud de Castilla y León. Estos datos fueron analizados de acuerdo con la ATC (Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System), expresando los resultados en dosis diaria definida (DDD) por mil habitantes y día (DHD). El consumo por prescripción presentó diferencias estadísticamente significativas, variando 8,3 DHD entre el área con mayor consumo (24,89 DHD en León) y el área con menor consumo (16,56 DHD en Soria). Las fluctuaciones durante el periodo fueron grandes, diferenciándose especialmente Segovia. El patrón de prescripción fue variado: Burgos tuvo el consumo más alto de penicilinas asociadas a inhibidores de betalactamasas, con diferencias de casi el triple respecto a Segovia. Ésta fue la mejor gerencia debido a los bajos consumos acordes con las recomendaciones, y Soria la gerencia más discordante, ya que presentó un patrón de prescripción desequilibrado pese a los datos de bajo consumo. Existe gran variabilidad cuantitativa y cualitativa de prescripción de antibióticos entre las diferentes Áreas de Salud. Son precisos estudios más detallados por grupos de edad, presión asistencial e indicación para comprender mejor los factores determinantes del consumo de antibióticos en los niños


The aim of this study was to determine if there were differences in the antibiotic consumption among the pediatric population of the eleven Primary Health Care centers in the Community of Castilla Leon during the years 2001-2005 and to analyze the possible causes. Data of non-hospital antibiotic consumption in the pediatric population provided the amount of antibiotics billed in the Health Service of the area of Castilla and Leon (central region of Spain). The data was analyzed according to the Anatomic Therapeutic Chemical Classification System (ATC) and expressed as defined daily doses per 1000 inhabitants per day (DID). There were statistically significant differences in the use of antibiotics, varying 8.3 DID between the area with the highest rate (24.86 DID in Leon) and the area with the lowest rate (16.56 DID in Soria). The temporal fluctuations were great and varied especially in Segovia. The pattern of prescribing also varied. The use of penicillin in combination with beta-lacatamase inhibitors varied by a factor of almost three times between Burgos and Segovia. Segovia showed the best management in antibiotic prescriptions with data showing low consumption based on prescribing recommendations. Data from Soria showed low consumption but patterns of misuse in regard to protocols and prescribing. There was wide quantitative and qualitative variability of antibiotic use among the primary health care centers in the region of Castilla and Leon. More detailed studies by age groups, welfare pressure and indication are needed to better understand the determinants of antibiotic use in children


Assuntos
Masculino , Feminino , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Adolescente , Humanos , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Infecções Bacterianas/tratamento farmacológico , Padrões de Prática Médica/estatística & dados numéricos , Prescrições de Medicamentos/estatística & dados numéricos , Antibacterianos/administração & dosagem , Antibacterianos/classificação , Infecções Bacterianas/epidemiologia , Serviços de Informação sobre Medicamentos/estatística & dados numéricos , Uso de Medicamentos/estatística & dados numéricos , Programas Nacionais de Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Pediatria/estatística & dados numéricos , Atenção Primária à Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Espanha/epidemiologia , Fatores de Tempo
6.
Rev Esp Quimioter ; 12(4): 352-358, 1999.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-10878528

RESUMO

We performed a study to evaluate the variability and adequacy of prescribing antibiotics in community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in 10 Spanish hospitals. We studied 452 patients with CAP. Initial empirical administration of antibiotics was prescribed in 90.7% of the cases, 82.5% as monotherapy. Macrolides and third and second generation cephalosporins were the most widely used groups of antibiotics. Penicillin and amoxicillin were only prescribed in 1.7% of the patients. A significant variability between hospitals was observed. Reference patterns for the use of antibiotics in CAP were devised by a panel of experts. According to the recommendations of this panel, 29% of the total prescriptions were not adequate, with this percentage reaching 65% in outpatients older than 65 years or with comorbidity. This was mainly due to the fact that monotherapy with erythromycin, which was considered inadequate, was the most widely prescribed treatment.

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